1型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种免疫介导的胰岛β细胞特异性破坏的自身免疫性疾病,全球发病率逐年上升。胰岛自身抗体(IAbs)是T1DM最可靠的生物标志物,用于早期预测和诊断。然而,传统的放射配体法(RBA)虽然具有高实验特异度,但在疾病特异度方面存在局限性,尤其是单抗体阳性的预测价值较低。近年来,电化学发光法(ECL)作为一种无放射性污染的新方法,能够区分高亲和力和低亲和力的IAbs,显著提高了疾病特异度。多项研究表明,ECL法在预测T1DM风险方面优于RBA法,特别是在单抗体阳性的情况下。本文综述了IAbs检测方法的进展及其在T1DM预测和诊断中的应用,强调了ECL法在提高疾病特异度方面的优势。
Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells,with a rising global incidence.Islet autoantibodies(IAbs)are the most reliable biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis of T1DM.However,the traditional radio-binding assay(RBA),despite its high experimental specificity,has limitations in disease specificity,particularly in the predictive value of single autoantibody positivity.Recently,the electrochemiluminescence(ECL)method,a non-radioactive approach,has been developed to distinguish high-affinity from low-affinity IAbs,significantly improving disease specificity.Multiple studies have shown that the ECL method outperforms RBA in predicting T1DM risk,especially in cases of single autoantibody positivity.This review discusses the advancements in IAbs detection methods and their applications in T1DM prediction and diagnosis,highlighting the advantages of the ECL method in enhancing disease specificity.
纤毛是细胞表面的重要细胞器,广泛参与细胞运动、感知外界信号和维持器官功能等生理过程。纤毛的形成,即纤毛发生(ciliogenesis)是一个高度复杂且受精密调控的过程,涉及大量与纤毛结构和功能相关基因的表达与调控。近年来,随着基因组学和发育生物学的发展,越来越多的研究揭示了多种关键转录因子在纤毛发生中的调控作用,包括RFX家族、FOXJ1、MCIDAS、GEMC1、MYB、E2F等。这些转录因子共同构成了一个多层次、多通路交织的调控网络,调控纤毛组装、基体复制、纤毛定位和功能维持等多个方面。本文系统综述了纤毛相关基因转录调控的研究进展,特别是关键转录因子的功能、相互作用及其在纤毛病中的作用,为深入理解纤毛的发育机制和疾病治疗提供参考。
Cilia are crucial cell-surface organelles involved in cell movement,signal sensing,and organ function maintenance.Their formation,or ciliogenesis,is a complex and precisely controlled process that requires the expression and regulation of numerous cilia-related genes.Recent advances in genomics and developmental biology have uncovered the regulatory roles of key transcription factors like the RFX family,FOXJ1,MCIDAS,GEMC1,MYB,and E2F in ciliogenesis.These factors form a multi-level,interconnected regulatory network that oversees cilium assembly,basal body replication,ciliary positioning,and function preservation.This review systematically examines current research on transcriptional regulation of ciliary genes,with a focus on the roles,interactions,and contributions of these key transcription factors to ciliopathies,offering insights into ciliary development and disease treatment.
目的 汇总分析肝硬化患者消化道出血风险预测模型,为今后模型的建立和优化提供参考。方法 系统检索中国知网、维普、PubMed数据库在2025年4月22日前公开发表的所有肝硬化患者消化道出血风险预测模型,按纳入标准筛选文献,对最终纳入文章分析摘录并系统汇总,包括模型特征、危险因素及模型预测评估效果等信息。结果 共检索3 603篇预测模型相关研究论文,最终纳入30篇,其中中国27篇、韩国1篇、印度1篇、埃及1篇。22项研究收集了肝硬化病因,其中病毒性肝病最多(72.94%,2 922/4 006),药物性肝病及非酒精性脂肪性肝病最少(均为0.02%,1/4 006)。在研究类型上,有28篇单中心研究,2篇为多中心研究,其中有12个模型未进行验证,只有1个模型进行了外部验证,其余模型只进行了内部验证,曲线下面积(AUC)范围0.680~0.994。根据模型纳入因素特点,分为血常规指标、凝血指标、生化指标、影像学指标、复合指标、其他指标共6种,其中纳入因素最多为影像学指标,最少为凝血指标。在纳入危险因素中,第1位为门静脉直径,第2位为血小板计数,第3位为血红蛋白水平及脾脏硬度,所有因素中与脾脏相关的指标最多。结论 肝硬化患者消化道出血风险预测模型研究质量有待提升,影像学指标应用最广,脾脏相关指标重要性突出,门静脉直径、血小板计数、血红蛋白水平及脾脏硬度为最常用的危险预测因素。
Objective To summarize and analyze the prediction models for gastrointestinal bleeding risk in patients with cirrhosis,providing references for the establishment and optimization of future models.Methods A systematic search was conducted in CNKI,VIP,and PubMed for all published prediction models for gastrointestinal bleeding risk in patients with cirrhosis before April 22,2025.Articles were screened according to the inclusion criteria,and the finally included articles were analyzed and summarized,including model characteristics,risk factors,and model prediction evaluation effects.Results A total of 3 603 related research papers on prediction models were initially retrieved,and 30 were finally included,with 27 from China,one from South Korea,one from India,and one from Egypt.Among the 22 studies that collected the etiology of cirrhosis,viral hepatitis was the most common(72.94%,2 922/4 006),while drug-induced liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were the least common(0.02%,1/4 006).In terms of study type,28 were single-center studies and two were multicenter studies.Among them,12 models were not validated,only one model was externally validated,and the rest were only internally validated,with an area under the curve range of 0.680-0.994.According to the characteristics of the factors included in the models,they were divided into six types of indicators:blood routine,coagulation,biochemistry,imaging,composite,and others,among which imaging indicators were the most common and coagulation indicators were the least.In the included risk factors,the first was portal vein diameter,the second was platelets count,and the third was hemoglobin level and spleen stiffness,with the most factors related to the spleen.Conclusions The quality of studies on prediction models for gastrointestinal bleeding risk in cirrhosis patients needs to be improved.Imaging indicators are the most widely used,and spleen-related indicators are of prominent importance,with portal vein diameter,platelets count,hemoglobin level,and spleen stiffness being the most commonly used risk prediction factors.
脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)是脑卒中患者常见的并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量和社会功能。近年来,随着认知储备理论的发展和早期干预理念的普及,PSCI的早期干预模式逐渐成为研究热点。文章综述了PSCI早期干预模式的研究现状与进展,包括干预的理论基础、具体措施及未来发展方向,以期为临床实践和科研提供参考。
Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is a common complication among stroke patients.It seriously affects the patients’ quality of life and social functions.In recent years,with the development of the cognitive reserve theory and the popularization of the concept of early intervention,the early intervention model for PSCI has gradually become a research hotspot.This article reviews the current research status and progress of the early intervention model for PSCI,including the theoretical basis of the intervention,specific measures,and future development directions,aiming to provide references for clinical practice and scientific research.
慢性肾衰竭(CRF)核心病机为脾肾两虚、湿浊瘀毒互结,形成“精亏-络损-浊毒”的恶性循环。文章基于“肾藏精泄浊”理论,系统阐释固肾泄浊法论治CRF的理论依据及临床实践经验。固肾泄浊法以“固肾培本,分消浊毒”为纲,通过填精固摄恢复脾肾气化枢纽,通络活血改善肾络瘀阻,并分消三焦湿浊、瘀浊、毒浊,打破“精微漏泄-浊毒蓄积—络脉损伤”病理过程。唐阁主任基于此创立固肾泄浊方,临床观察表明该方治疗CRF患者疗效确切。固肾泄浊方组方注重脾肾互根、寒温相济、升降相因,动态调整固肾与泄浊权重,契合CRF不同分期病机演变。固肾泄浊法融合藏象学说、络病理论及三焦气化论,以“补泻兼施、藏泄并调”实现标本同治,为CRF中医药治疗提供新思路。
The core pathological mechanism of chronic renal failure(CRF)involves deficiency of the spleen and kidney,intertwined with dampness,turbidity,blood stasis and toxins,forming a vicious cycle of “essence deficiency-collateral damage-turbid toxin accumulation” Based on the theory of “The kidney stores essence and reduces turbidity”,this article systematically elucidates the theoretical foundation and clinical application of reinforcing the kidney and reducing turbidity method for treating CRF.This method,guided by the principles of “securing the kidney to strengthen the root,and resolving turbid toxins”,aims to replenish essence and consolidate the kidney to restore the pivotal qi transformation functions of the spleen and kidney,to unblock collaterals and circulate blood to ameliorate renal collateral stasis,to resolve damp-turbidity,stasis-turbidity,and toxin-turbidity from the Sanjiao.This strategy breaks the pathological progression of “leakage of essence-accumulation of turbid toxins-damage to collaterals”.Professor Tang Ge formulate this Reinforcing the Kidney and Reducing Turbidity Formula(固肾泄浊方,Gushen Xiezhuo Fang)based on this approach.Clinical observations confirmed its significant efficacy in CRF patients.The formula focuses on the interdependence of the spleen and kidney,balance of warm and cool properties,and harmony of ascending and descending actions.It dynamically adjusts the therapeutic focus between kidney-securing and turbidity-reducing to align with the evolving pathogenesis across different CRF stages.Integrating theories of visceral manifestation(Zangxiang),collateral disease,and Sanjiao qi transformation,reinforcing the kidney and reducing turbidity method achieves simultaneous treatment of root and branch through “simultaneous supplementation and drainage,concurrent storing and discharging”.This approach offers a novel perspective for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of CRF.
目的 探讨放血疗法对小儿发热的疗效。方法 检索包括中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library等8个中、英文数据库自建库至2025年5月所发表的放血疗法治疗小儿发热的随机对照试验研究(RCT),2名研究人员根据Cochrane系统评价手册(5.1.0版)推荐的偏倚风险评估表对所纳入文献进行质量评估,采用RevMan 5.4软件对纳入文献质量进行系统分析。结果 纳入19项RCT,共2 224例患儿,其中观察组1 118例、对照组1 106例。放血疗法能够提高小儿发热的临床疗效[OR=4.18,95% CI(3.00,5.38),P<0.001];降低患儿24 h内高热复发率[OR=0.12,95% CI(0.05,0.34),P<0.001];缩短平均退热时间[MD=-1.78,95% CI(-2.56,-1.00),P<0.001]。结论 放血疗法能够提高小儿发热的临床疗效,降低复发率,缩短退热时间,可作为小儿发热的辅助治疗方法。
Objective To explore the efficacy of bloodletting therapy treatment on pediatric fever by meta-analysis.Methods The randomised controlled trials(RCTs)examining bloodletting therapy for paediatric fever were retrieved from eight Chinese and English databases—China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library—covering publications from the establishment of each database up to May 2025.Two researchers assessed study quality using the risk of bias assessment tool recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews(version 5.1.0).RevMan 5.4 software was employed for systematic analysis of included studies.Results Nineteen RCTs involving 2 224 patients were ultimately included,comprising 1 118 patients in the observation group and 1 106 in the control group.Results indicated that bloodletting therapy significantly improved clinical efficacy in paediatric fever(OR=4.18,95% CI[3.00,5.38],P<0.001),reduced the recurrence rate of high fever within 24 hours(OR=0.12,95% CI[0.05,0.34],P<0.001),and shortened the average time to fever resolution(MD=-1.78,95% CI[-2.56,-1.00],P<0.001).Conclusions Bloodletting therapy can improve the clinical efficacy of pediatric fever,reduce the recurrence rate and shorten the time of fever reduction,and can be used as an adjunctive treatment for pediatric fever.
目的 基于决策树构建老年患者吞咽障碍预警模型。方法 采用便利取样法对宁夏银川市宁夏回族自治区人民医院老年科住院的200例老年患者进行调查。结果 200例老年患者中,吞咽障碍发生率为40.5%。依据是否发生吞咽障碍将其患者分为两组,两组患者在性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、医保类型、家庭年收入、日常生活能力、衰弱、抑郁、营养、体质指数(BMI)比较(χ 2 值分别为13.321、4.064、31.944、36.695、18.230、19.681、52.509、10.253、20.456、9.070、9.483),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。决策树模型筛选出老年患者吞咽障碍的影响因素主要有自理能力、职业、文化程度和抑郁,决策树模型受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.862,灵敏度为79.8%,特异度为79.0%,P<0.001。结论 基于自理能力、职业、文化程度和抑郁构建的决策树模型,能有效预测老年患者吞咽障碍风险。
Objective To construct a swallowing disorder warning model for elderly patients based on decision tree.Methods Convenience sampling was used to study 200 elderly patients admitted to the geriatric department of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Yinchuan,Ningxia.Results Among 200 elderly patients,the incidence of swallowing disorders was 40.5%.The two groups of patients were compared in terms of gender,age,education level,occupation,medical insurance type,annual family income,daily living ability,frailty,depression,nutrition,and BMI(χ 2 values were 13.321,4.064,31.944,36.695,18.230,19.681,52.509,10.253,20.456,9.070,9.483,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The decision tree model identified the main influencing factors of swallowing disorders in elderly patients as self-care ability,occupation,education level,and depression.The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of the decision tree model had an area under the curve of 0.862,sensitivity of 79.8%,and specificity of 79.0%,P<0.001.Conclusions A decision tree model based on self-care ability,occupation,education level,and depression can effectively predict the risk of swallowing disorders in elderly patients.
目的 探讨结肠镜下息肉切除术后复发的危险因素,并基于机器学习算法构建复发风险预警模型,为防治对策提供依据。方法 回顾性收集2018年9月—2023年9月六安市人民医院1 058例初次行无痛结肠镜下息肉切除术患者的临床资料,使用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选复发危险因素。采用7∶3随机抽样分为训练集和验证集,分别通过决策树、贝叶斯及Logistic回归算法构建预测模型,并以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异度等指标来评估模型效能。结果 单因素分析显示,性别、吸烟、代谢综合征、息肉数量、息肉位置、山田分型、组织病理学类型、切除方式、复查时间、肠息肉直径、手术时间是复发的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,性别、代谢综合征、息肉数量、息肉直径、肠息肉位置、山田分型、组织学病理类型、切除方式、手术时间均是结肠息肉内镜下切除术后复发的危险因素。模型评估显示,决策树算法、贝叶斯算法、Logistic回归算法的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.849、0.818、0.811;灵敏度分别为85.14%、81.62%、79.43%;特异度分别为81.69%、79.45%、74.18%;约登指数分别为0.534、0.551、0.573;95%CI分别为0.810~0.876、0.794~0.860、0.782~0.850;决策树算法模型效能最佳,Logistic回归算法的性能最差。结论 性别、代谢综合征、肠息肉特征(数量、直径、位置等)是术后复发的关键危险因素。决策树模型在风险预测中表现最优,可为临床制定个体化随访策略提供参考。
Objective To explore the risk factors for recurrence after painless colonoscopic polypectomy and construct a recurrence risk warning model based on machine learning algorithms to provide evidence for prevention and treatment strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 1 058 patients who underwent their first painless colonoscopy-guided polypectomy at our hospital between September 2018 and September 2023.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify recurrence risk factors.The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation sets using a 7∶3 ratio.Prediction models were constructed using decision tree,Bayesian,and Logistic regression algorithms,and their performance was evaluated using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,and others.Results Univariate analysis revealed that gender,smoking,metabolic syndrome,number of polyps,polyp location,Yamada classification,histopathological type,resection method,follow-up time,polyp diameter,and operation duration were risk factors for recurrence(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified gender,metabolic syndrome,number of polyps,polyp diameter,polyp location,Yamada classification,histopathological type,resection method,and operation duration as independent risk factors for recurrence after endoscopic polypectomy.Model evaluation showed AUC values of 0.849,0.818,and 0.811 for the decision tree,Bayesian,and Logistic regression algorithms,respectively.Sensitivity values were 85.14%,81.62%,and 79.43%;specificity values were 81.69%,79.45%,and 74.18%;Youden’s indices were 0.534,0.551,and 0.573;and 95% confidence intervals(CIs)were 0.810–0.876,0.794–0.860,and 0.782–0.850,respectively.The decision tree algorithm demonstrated the best predictive performance,while the Logistic regression algorithm performed the least favorably.Conclusions Gender,metabolic syndrome,and polyp characteristics(number,diameter,location,etc.)are key risk factors for recurrence after polypectomy.The decision tree algorithm exhibited optimal predictive efficacy,offering valuable insights for developing individualized follow-up strategies in clinical practice.
目的 探讨胸部肿瘤患者手术后早期排痰的效果,降低肺部并发症的发生率。方法 选择2024年6月—2025年7月在本院进行胸部肿瘤切除的60例术后患者作为研究对象。采用非同期回顾对照设计,以不同时间段病例分组,分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30)。两组胸部手术后患者均给予常规围术期护理,观察组胸部手术后患者增加早期排痰护理。统计两组排痰效果[咳痰难度、血氧饱和度(SPO2)]变化、疼痛评分,并统计两组肺部相关并发症及住院时间进行比较。结果 观察组患者术后的SPO2水平高于对照组(P<0.05),咳痰难度评分低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。干预后第B、C时间点观察组患者的疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05),胸部并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 胸部肿瘤术后早期排痰有助于促进术后患者排痰,减少肺部相关发症,缩短住院时间。
Objective To investigate the efficacy of early expectoration management in reducing pulmonary complications for patients following thoracic tumor surgery.Methods Sixty patients undergoing thoracic tumor resection at our hospital between 2024 and 2025 were enrolled.A non-concurrent retrospective control design was adopted.Cases were grouped according to different time periods,divided into a control group(n=30)and an observation group(n=30).The control group received standard perioperative care,while the observation group received additional early expectoration nursing interventions.Outcome measures included expectoration efficacy(assessed by cough difficulty score and oxygen saturation[SpO2]),pain scores,incidence of pulmonary complications,and hospital stay duration.Results Postoperative SpO2 levels were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05),while cough difficulty scores were significantly lower(P<0.05).At time points B and C after the intervention,the pain scores of patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The observation group demonstrated a significantly shorter hospital stay(P<0.05),a lower overall incidence of thoracic complications(P<0.05),and higher patient satisfaction than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Implementing early expectoration protocols after thoracic tumor surgery facilitates sputum clearance can reduce pulmonary complications,and shorten hospitalization time.
目的 观察补肾益气方肾俞膏摩治疗结直肠癌康复期癌因性疲乏的临床疗效。方法 收集2023年6月—2024年6月结直肠癌康复期的80例住院及门诊患者,随机平均分为两组。行常规对症支持治疗的为对照组;在常规对症支持治疗上加用补肾益气方肾俞膏摩的为干预组;两组均连续治疗14天。于开始治疗前1天和治疗结束后1天分别进行疗效评估相关指标检测。于治疗前1天、治疗第7天和第14天进行不良反应检测。结果 干预组治疗后Piper评分、中医证候总积分、PSQI评分、KPS评分及免疫功能指标(CD3+ 、CD4+、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ )较治疗前均有明显改善;干预组发生不良反应少于对照组。结论 补肾益气方肾俞膏摩治疗能够有效改善结直肠癌患者的癌因性疲乏的治疗效果,提高生活质量和免疫功能,减少不良反应。
Objective To observe the clinical observation of Shenshu Tuina combined with Bushen Yiqi herbal ointment in the treatment of cancer-induced fatigue in the convalescent stage of colorectal cancer and evaluate the efficacy.Methods From June 2023 to June 2025,80 inpatients and outpatients of colorectal cancer in the recovery period were collected and randomly divided into two groups.The patients who received routine symptomatic supportive treatment were enrolled as the control group.The intervention group was given Shenshu Tuina combined with Bushen Yiqi herbal ointment on the basis of control group.The relevant indicators for efficacy evaluation were tested one day before treatment and one day after the end of treatment.Adverse reactions were detected on the day before treatment,theseventh day and 14th day during treatment.Results The efficacy evaluation indexes of the intervention group after treatment were obviously improved compared with those before treatment.Adverse reactions occurred less in the intervention group than in the control group.Conclusions Shenshu Tuina combined with Bushen Yiqi herbal ointment can effectively improve the treatment effect of cancer-induced fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer,improve the quality of life and immune function,reduce adverse reactions.
目的 探讨通过优化病案首页质控体系提高误入DRG低权重组病例转出率的效果。方法 采用PDCA循环法,通过实施分层级编码培训、基于AI赋能的专项质控模式及智能化反馈机制构建等系统性地改进措施优化质控体系。通过对比分析质控系统优化前后(2022年1—7月和2023年1—7月)DRG低权重组病例的病案首页质控过程、“经质控低权重病例入组率”和“误入低权重组病例转出率”等指标,评估质控体系优化的实施效果。结果 质控体系优化后,低权重组病例转出率由3.27%提升至4.15%(P=0.018),经质控低权重病例入组率由16.98%降至14.96%(P<0.001)。结论 AI赋能的专项质控、分层级编码培训与智能化反馈机制三项措施并举可以系统优化质控体系,进而提升DRG低权重组病例转出率。
Objective To investigate the effect of optimizing the medical record front page quality control system on improving the transfer-out rate of cases mistakenly assigned to low-weight DRG groups.Methods The Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)cycle methodology was employed.Systemic improvements were implemented to optimize the medical record front page quality control system,including hierarchical coding training,innovation of a specialized quality control model based on AI empowerment,and establishment of an intelligent feedback mechanism.The implementation effectiveness was evaluated by comparative analysis of the following indicators before(January-July 2022)and after(January-July 2023)optimization:the medical record quality control process for low-weight DRG cases,the rate of low-weight cases assigned to groups after quality control,and the transfer-out rate of cases mistakenly entering low-weight groups.Results After optimizing the medical record front page quality control system,the transfer-out rate of cases from low-weight groups increased from 3.27% to 4.15%(P=0.018),while the rate of low-weight cases assigned to groups after quality control decreased from 16.98% to 14.96%(P<0.001).Conclusions Implementing a three-pronged approach—AI-powered specialized quality control,hierarchical coding training,and an intelligent feedback mechanism—can systematically optimize the medical record front page quality control system,thereby improving the transfer-out rate of cases mistakenly assigned to low-weight DRG groups.
目的 探讨多组分运动训练对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期病人骨骼肌功能的影响。方法 前瞻性选择2022年10月—2024年10月90例COPD稳定期患者,采用抽签法随机分为观察组与对照组,对照组45例采取常规运动干预,观察组45例在对照组基础上增加多组分运动训练。干预前、干预后3个月比较两组患者四肢骨骼肌含量,四肢肌群力量,运动耐力与肺功能,生活质量。结果 干预后,两组上肢、下肢骨骼肌含量均略增加,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组膝伸肌、膝屈肌、肘伸肌、肘屈肌肌群力量均增加,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组6 min步行试验、用力肺活量及第一秒用力呼气量均升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组圣乔治呼吸问卷各维度分数及总分均降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 针对老年COPD稳定期患者采取多组分运动训练可提升患者四肢骨骼肌含量与四肢肌群力量,改善患者运动耐力与肺功能,减轻COPD及骨骼肌功能障碍对患者生活质量造成的负面影响。
Objective To explore the effect of multi-component exercise training on skeletal muscle function in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods From October 2022 to October 2024,90 stable COPD patients were prospectively selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a lottery method.The control group consisted of 45 patients who received routine exercise care,while the observation group consisted of 45 patients who received multi-component exercise training in addition to the routine care.Skeletal muscle content,muscle group strength,exercise endurance,lung function,and quality of life between two groups of patients were compared before and three months after intervention.Results After intervention,the skeletal muscle content of both upper and lower extremities slightly increased in both groups,with the observation group being higher than the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the strength of the knee extensor,knee flexor,elbow extensor,and elbow flexor muscle groups increased in both groups,with the observation group had better results than the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,both groups showed an increase in six-minute walking test,forced vital capacity,and forced expiratory volume in first second,with the observation group had better results than the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of each dimension and total score of the SGRQ in both groups decreased,and the observation group had lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Multi-component exercise training for stable elderly COPD patients can improve the skeletal muscle content and muscle strength of the extremities,enhance exercise endurance and lung function,and alleviate the negative impact of COPD and skeletal muscle dysfunction on patients’quality of life.
目的 分析改良经脊柱内椎间孔镜系统技术(TESSYS)对腰椎间盘突出症患者疼痛及功能的影响,以期分析该术式优劣,丰富该研究领域。方法 回顾性选取2022年10月—2024年10月医院治疗的80例腰椎间盘突出症患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方式的不同划分为观察组(TESSYS技术治疗)和对照组(经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术治疗),每组各40例。观察两组患者疗效、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、透视次数、切口长度等情况。比较两组患者术前、术后6 h、术后1天、术后1周、术后1个月VAS评分情况,比较两组患者术前及术后1个月腰椎功能情况,包括Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、腰椎曲度、腰背肌后伸活动度。比较两组患者术前及术后24 h的血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平。结果 观察组患者疗效优于对照组(Z=-3.737,P<0.001)。交互效应下,两组疼痛因不同术式而随着时间增加而有所不同(P<0.05);时点效应下,观察组、对照组各组均随着时点增加疼痛随之减少(P<0.05);组间效应下,干预前、干预后1个月两组差异不明显,但是观察组疼痛干预后6 h(Z=-2.831,P=0.005)、干预后1天(Z=-3.253,P=0.001)低于对照组。术后1个月,观察组患者的ODI(Z=-4.804,P<0.001)低于对照组,而腰椎曲度(Z=-6.218,P<0.001)、腰背肌后伸活动度(Z=-7.014,P=0.001)高于对照组。术后24 h后,观察组患者的hs-CRP(Z=-5.671,P<0.001)、IL-6(Z=-3.262,P<0.001)低于对照组。结论 TESSYS相较于经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术在治疗腰椎间盘突出症时具有显著优势,可提高疗效,减少出血量,减轻疼痛,减少炎症反应,加快腰椎功能康复,缩短住院时间。
Objective The effect of modified transforaminal endoscopic spine system(TESSYS) on pain and function in patients with lumbar disc herniation was analyzed,so as to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure and enrich the research field.Methods Retrospectively,80 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated in the hospital from October 2022 to October 2024 were selected as the study subjects.These patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment methods:the observation group(treated with TESSYS technology)and the control group(treated with percutaneous endoscopic discectomy).Each group consisted of 40 patients.The study evaluated the treatment efficacy,surgical duration,intraoperative bleeding volume,hospital stay fluoroscopy frequency,and incision length for both groups.Additionally,we compared the VAS scores of both groups before surgery,six hours post-surgery,one day post-surgery,one week post-surgery,and one month post-surgery.We also compared the lumbar function of both groups before surgery and 1 month post-surgery,including the Oswestry Functional Index(ODI),lumbar lordosis,and lumbar back muscle extension activity.Furthermore,we compared the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in both groups before and 24 hours after surgery.Results The therapeutic effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group(Z=-3.737,P<0.001).Under the interaction effect,the pain of the two groups varied with time due to different surgical procedures(P<0.05).Under the time effect,both the observation group and the control group showed a decrease trend in pain as the time to treatment increased(P<0.05).Under the inter group effect,there was no significant difference between the two groups before and 1 month after intervention,but the pain in the observation group was less than that in the control group at 6 hours after intervention(Z=-2.831,P=0.005)and 1 day after intervention(Z=-3.253,P=0.001).One month after surgery,the ODI(Z=-4.804,P<0.001)of the observation group patients was lower than that of the control group,while the lumbar curvature(Z=-6.218,P<0.001)and lumbar back muscle extension activity(Z=-7.014,P=0.001)were higher than those of the control group.Twenty-four hours after surgery,the hs-CRP(Z=-5.671,P<0.001)and IL-6(Z=-3.262,P<0.001)levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.Conclusions The improved percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic technique has significant advantages over percutaneous transforaminal discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.It can improve efficacy,reduce bleeding,alleviate pain,reduce inflammatory reactions,accelerate lumbar functional recovery,and shorten hospitalization time.
目的 探讨TAP水平与乳腺癌分子亚型及临床病理参数之间的相关性。方法 以2021年3月—2025年1月期间收治的150例乳腺癌病例为样本,采用静脉采血方式测定TAP凝聚物表面积指标,通过免疫组织化学EnVision双步染色技术,对雌激素受体(ER)、雄激素受体(AR)、孕激素受体(PR)、Ki-67及p53等表达水平进行分析,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)对人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)基因扩增状态进行检测。结果 150例患者中,TAP强阳性131例,TAP弱阳性15例,TAP阴性4例,TAP阳性率97.33%。免疫表型:ER阴性43例,ER阳性107例;AR阳性133例,AR阴性17例;PR阴性60例,PR阳性90例;p53阳性73例,p53阴性77例;HER2强阳性41例,HER2弱阳性89例,HER2阴性20例;Ki-67增殖指数≥20% 116例,Ki-67增殖指数<20% 34例。FISH对65例免疫组织化学检测结果为HER2(2+ )的乳腺癌病例进行基因扩增状态分析,其中阳性7例,阴性58例。Ki-67高增殖组TAP表达水平显著高于低增殖组(P<0.05);不同临床分期患者TAP表达水平存在差异(P<0.05);三阴型、HER2阳性型、Luminal A型和Luminal B型的患者之间的TAP表达水平存在差异(P<0.05),各分子分型(HER2阳性型、三阴型、Luminal A型和Luminal B型)与其对应非分型组的TAP表达均无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。结论 TAP在乳腺癌中广泛表达,且与Ki-67增殖指数、临床分期呈正相关。虽然不同分子分型间TAP表达存在总体差异,但具体亚型对比未显示显著性,后期需扩大样本量验证。
Objective To explore the relationship between tumor abnormal protein(TAP)level and molecular typing and clinicopathological features of breast cancer.Methods A total of 150 breast cancer cases admitted from March 2021 to January 2025 were enrolled in this study.The surface area of TAP condensates was measured using venous blood samples.The expression levels of estrogen receptor(ER),androgen receptor(AR),progesterone receptor(PR),Ki-67,and P53 were analyzed via immunohistochemistry(IHC)using the EnVision two-step staining technique.The amplification status of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2+)gene was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).Results Among 150 patients,131 cases were strongly positive,15 cases were weakly positive and 4 cases were negative,with a positive rate of 97.33%.Immunophenotype:ER positive in 107 cases and ER negative in 43 cases,133 cases were positive for AR and 17 cases were negative,PR was positive in 90 cases and negative in 60 cases,73 cases were positive for p53 and 77 cases were negative.HER2 is strongly positive in 41 cases,weakly positive in 89 cases and negative in 20 cases.There were 116 cases with Ki-67 proliferation index ≥ 20% and 34 cases with Ki-67 proliferation index < 20%.Sixty-five cases of breast cancer HER2(2 )were detected in the later stage.by FISH,of which 7 cases were positive and 58 cases were negative.The expression level of TAP in patients with high Ki-67 proliferation index was higher than that in patients with low Ki-67 proliferation index(P<0.05).The expression level of TAP in patients with different clinical stages was different(P<0.05).There were differences in TAP expression levels among patients with triple negative type,HER2 positive type,Luminal A type and Luminal B type(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in TAP expression between each molecular type(triple negative type,HER2 positive type,Luminal A type and Luminal B type)and its corresponding non-typing group(all P>0.05).Conclusions TAP is widely expressed in breast cancer,and it is positively correlated with Ki-67 proliferation index and clinical stage.Although there is a general difference in TAP expression among different molecular typing,the comparison of specific subtypes shows no significance,and it needs to be verified by expanding the sample size
目的 分析对肺癌化学治疗(化疗)患者采取个性化营养干预联合分级步行运动方案的应用价值。方法 将郑州大学附属郑州中心医院2023年7月—2024年7月符合标准的198例肺癌化疗患者作为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各99例。对照组仅采用个性化营养干预方案,观察组则联合分级步行运动方案,两组患者均在同一时间内入组并接受持续干预3个月。对两组干预前后癌因性疲乏[Piper疲乏修订量表(PFS-R)]、营养状况、睡眠质量[匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)]、生活质量[生活质量评估量表(SF-36)]水平予以比较。结果 相较于对照组,干预后观察组PFS-R、PSQI评分较低,白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、铁转蛋白水平和SF-36评分较高(P<0.05)。结论 对肺癌化疗患者采取个性化营养干预联合分级步行运动方案,有利于促进其癌因性疲乏的减轻和营养状态、睡眠质量及生活质量水平的提高。
Objective To analyze the effects of personalized nutritional intervention combined with graded walking exercise treatment on cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in lung cancer patients during chemotherapy.Methods A total of 198 lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who met the criteria in our hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 99 cases in each group,by the random number table method.The control group only received individualized nutritional intervention,while the observation group received graded walking exercise additionally.Both groups of patients were enrolled at the same time and received continuous intervention for three months.Cancer-related fatigue(Piper’s Fatigue Scale-Revised[PFS-R]),nutritional status,sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index[PSQI]),and quality of life(Quality of Life Scale[SF-36]) before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had lower PFS-R and PSQI scores and higher albumin,prealbumin,hemoglobin,transferrin levels and SF-36 scores after the intervention(P<0.05).Conclusions Adopting personalized nutritional intervention combined with graded walking exercise for lung cancer patients during chemotherapy is beneficial to promote the reduction of cancer-caused fatigue and the improvement of their nutritional status,sleep quality and quality of life.
目的 压疮是指由于组织受压时间过长引起的严重并发症,2025年的数据显示,压疮在活动受限患者中发生率高。机体代谢紊乱可能会引起压疮,但是否与血清代谢物有因果影响,暂不明确。方法 本文运用孟德尔随机化(MR)方法评价血清代谢物与压疮间风险因素,基于MR方法评价血清代谢物和压疮的因果联系,分别纳入由欧洲人群全基因组关联研究(GWAS)。压疮:FinnGen R10,3 167例;血清代谢物:EMBL-EBI数据库16种代谢物数据作为研究样本;筛选条件:工具变量筛选条件[P<5×10-8,连锁不平衡聚类r 2 <0.001,kb=10 000,F统计量>10(公式:F=R2 ×N-2/1-R2 )];主要分析方法:使用(IVW)法,辅助采用加权中位数法(WM)、MR-Egger回归法校验;用Benjamini-Hochberg法进行多重检验校正(FDR<0.05为有统计学意义)。结果 共鉴定出10种代谢物与压疮存在关联(P<0.01),经FDR校正后4种:代谢物18:2/20:4n6的水平升高(P<0.000 2)2-Oxopeptide的作用相反,降低压疮的风险(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.59~0.92,P=0.011);琥珀酸可增加压疮的风险(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.03~1.24,P=0.018);甘氨酸/丙氨酸比值降低压疮风险(OR=0.849,95%CI:0.76~0.93,P=0.022)。稳定性分析证明上述发现是可信的、稳健的(heterogeneity:P>0.05,pleoitropy:P>0.05)。结论 血清代谢物通过调控炎症反应、影响微循环障碍以及干预能量代谢途径,参与压疮的发生发展,可作为构建压疮风险的模型以及制定相关干预策略为压疮评估、治疗、预防提供因果层面的理论依据。
Objective Pressure ulcer(PU)is a serious complication caused by prolonged tissue compression.Data of 2025 shows that PUs have a high incidence among patients requiring long-term bed rest.Metabolic disorders may contribute to PU development,but whether serum metabolites causally affect PU risk remains unclear.Methods this study employed the Mendelian randomization(MR)method to evaluate whether serum metabolites are risk factors for PU.To assess the causal relationship between serum metabolites and PU,data from Genome-Wide Association Studies(GWAS)of European populations were included:PU data from FinnGen R10(3 167 cases)and data on 16 serum metabolites from the EMBL-EBI database.Instrumental variable screening criteria were as follows:P<5×10-8,linkage disequilibrium clustering(r 2 <0.001,kb=10,000),and F-statistic >10(Formula:F=[R2 ×N-2]/[1-R2 ]).The inverse variance weighting(IVW)method was used as the primary analytical approach,supplemented by the weighted median(WM)method and MR-Egger regression for verification.The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied for multiple test correction(FDR<0.05 was considered statistically significant).Results A total of 10 metabolites were identified to be associated with PU(P<0.01),and 4 remained significant after FDR correction:elevated levels of metabolite 18:2/20:4n6(P<0.0002);2-Oxopeptide exerted an opposite effect,reducing PU risk(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.59-0.92,P=0.011);succinic acid increased PU risk(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.03-1.24,P=0.018);and the glycine/alanine ratio reduced PU risk(OR=0.849,95%CI:0.76-0.93,P=0.022).Stability analysis(PH-TauNE[novel pleiotropy test]) confirmed that the above findings were credible and robust(heterogeneity:P>0.05,pleiotropy:P>0.05).Conclusions Serum metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of PU by regulating inflammatory responses,affecting microcirculatory disorders,and interfering with energy metabolism pathways.They can provide causal theoretical basis for constructing PU risk prediction models,formulating relevant intervention strategies,and guiding PU treatment,prevention,and assessment.
目的 基于结构方程模型(SEM)验证早产儿母亲育儿胜任感的多路径作用机制。方法 采用便利抽样法选取2024年6月—2025年6月在莆田学院附属医院分娩的早产儿母亲250例作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、中文版育儿胜任感量表(C-PSOC)、婴儿母亲育儿支持问卷(PSM)、角色适应问卷、简式亲职压力量表收集数据。通过单因素分析及多元线性回归分析母亲育儿胜任感的影响因素,使用AMOS软件构建结构方程模型,分析早产儿分娩后母亲育儿胜任感的作用路径。结果 250例早产儿母亲的C-PSOC得分为(61.93±6.02)分,多元线性回归分析结果显示,早产儿母亲育儿胜任感的影响因素包括产次、育儿支持、角色适应、亲职压力(均P<0.05)。结构方程模型拟合良好(χ 2 /df=1.026,GFI=0.987,AGFI=0.978,NFI=0.987,CFI=1.000,RMSEA=0.010),其中角色适应正向预测育儿胜任感(β=0.344),育儿支持(β=-0.477)与亲职压力(β=-0.283)负向预测(均P<0.05),并且角色适应通过育儿支持、亲职压力间接提升育儿胜任感(效应值0.467);产次经角色适应间接降低压力源影响(效应值0.529)。结论 早产儿母亲育儿胜任感受多路径机制调控,临床需针对角色适应、育儿支持及亲职压力设计级联干预策略。
Objective To verify the multi-pathway mechanism of parenting competence of premature infant mothers based on structural equation modeling(SEM).Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 250 mothers of preterm infants who delivered in Affiliated Hospital of Putian University between June 2024 and June 2025 as the study subjects.Data was collected using a general information survey,the Chinese version of the Parenting Sence of Competence Scale(C-PSOC),the Parenting Support Questionnaire for Infant Mothers(PSM),the Role Adaptation Questionnaire,and the Simplified Parenting Stress Scale.By conducting single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis on the influencing factors of maternal parenting competence,a structural equation model was constructed using AMOS software to analyze the pathway of maternal parenting competence after premature birth.Results The C-PSOC score of 250 mothers of premature infants was(61.93±6.02).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of parenting competence among mothers of premature infants included parity,parenting support,role adaptation,and parental pressure(all P<0.05).The structural equation model fits well(2/df=1.026,GFI=0.987,AGFI=0.978,NFI=0.987,CFI=1.000,RMSEA=0.010),which role adaptation positively predicted parenting competence(β=0.344),parenting support(β=-0.477)and parenting stress(β=-0.283)negatively predicted(all P<0.05),and role adaptation indirectly enhanced parenting competence through parenting support and parenting stress(effect value 0.467).The adaptation of roles during childbirth indirectly reduced the impact of stressors(effect value 0.529).Conclusions The multi-pathway mechanism of parental competence perception regulation in premature infant mothers requires the design of cascading intervention strategies targeting role adaptation,parenting support,and parental stress in clinical practice.
目的 探讨精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)胚胎发育及妊娠结局的影响,为优化男性生育力评估及辅助生殖治疗策略提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月—2024年1月于徐州市妇幼保健院接受IVF-ET治疗的126对不孕夫妇,根据男方DFI检测结果分为低碎片组(DFI≤15%,n=42)、临界组(15%<DFI<30%,n=45)和高碎片组(DFI≥30%,n=39)。比较三组患者受精相关指标、胚胎发育指标及妊娠结局指标的差异,并分析DFI与各指标的相关性。结果 低碎片组双原核率(2PN)率、优质胚胎率及囊胚形成率均高于临界组和高碎片组(P<0.001),低碎片组1PN率、多PN率均低于临界组和高碎片组(P<0.001);三组种植率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高碎片组活产率低于低碎片组(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,DFI与优质胚胎率(r=-0.412,P<0.001)、囊胚形成率(r=-0.387,P<0.001)、活产率(r=-0.287,P=0.012)呈负相关,与早期流产率(r=0.206,P=0.059)、种植率(r=-0.215,P=0.058)、临床妊娠率(r=-0.203,P=0.072)无显著相关性。结论 精子DNA碎片指数是影响IVF-ET胚胎发育及妊娠结局的重要因素,高DFI主要通过降低胚胎发育潜能及增加流产风险导致活产率下降,临床需对高DFI患者进行干预以改善治疗结局。
Objective To investigate the impact of sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)on embryo development and pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET),and to provide a basis for optimizing male fertility assessment and assisted reproductive treatment strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 126 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024.According to the male DFI test results,they were divided into three groups:low fragmentation group(DFI≤15%,n=42),critical group(15% < DFI < 30%,n=45),and high fragmentation group(DFI≥30%,n=39).Differences in fertilization-related indicators,embryo development indicators,and pregnancy outcome indicators were compared among the three groups,and the correlation between DFI and each indicator was analyzed.Results The 2 pronuclei rate(PN)rate,high-quality embryo rate,and blastocyst formation rate in the low fragmentation group were significantly higher than those in the critical and high fragmentation groups(P<0.001).The 1PN rate and multi-PN rate in the low fragmentation group were significantly lower than those in the critical and high fragmentation groups(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the three groups of implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate and early abortion rate(P>0.05),but the live birth rate of high fragment group was significantly lower than that of low fragment group(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that DFI was significantly negatively correlated with the rate of high quality embryos(r=-0.412,P<0.001),blastocyst formation rate(r=-0.387,P<0.001)and live birth rate(r=-0.287,P=0.012),but not with the rate of early abortion(r=0.206,P=0.059),implantation rate(r=-0.215,P=0.058)and clinical pregnancy rate(r=-0.203,P=0.072).Conclusions Sperm DFI is an important factor affecting embryo development and pregnancy maintenance in IVF-ET.High DFI leads to a decrease in live birth rate mainly by reducing embryo developmental potential and increasing the risk of early abortion.Clinically,early intervention is needed for patients with high DFI to improve treatment outcomes.