目的 评价口服核苷类似物富马酸丙酚替诺福韦治疗宫颈持续性高危型人乳头瘤感染患者的疗效。方法 本回顾性研究中,将同一亚型高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染超过1年患者随机分为两组,治疗组给予口服富马酸丙酚替诺福韦,25 mg,每天一次,连续3个月;对照组给予宣教说明,无特殊处理。于入组后第3个及第6个月随诊。检测患者宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染的变化,同时观察宫颈细胞学、阴道镜Reid评分及宫颈组织病理学变化。结果 宫颈持续性高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染者共82例,分为两组:治疗组42例,对照组40例。均完成随访。在治疗结束时、治疗结束后3个月,治疗组清除人乳头瘤病毒的有效率分别为 52.38% 和 61.90%,优于对照组20.00%(P＜0.05)和30.00% (P＜0.05);治疗结束时、治疗结束后3个月,治疗组细胞学异常的缓解率分别为66.67%和77.78%,优于对照组22.22%(P＜0.05)和33.33%(P＜0.05);治疗组中Reid评分3分及其以上者例数较对照组少(2 vs 10,P＜0.05),且Reid评分较基线明显下降(P＜0.05),对照组Reid评分无显著变化(P＞0.05)。6个月时治疗组中宫颈上皮内瘤变I级者组织学缓解率优于对照组(72.72% vs 35.00%,P＜0.05)。随访期间无严重不良反应。结论 口服富马酸丙酚替诺福韦可有效清除宫颈持续性高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染,且安全、临床可行。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nucleoside analogues Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) therapy for cervical high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 82 patients with persistent cervical HR-HPV infection were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (42 patients) administered orally TAF (25mg, once daily, 3 months). The control group (40 patients) received no treatment. All patients were followed up for 6 months. HPV testing, ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), and Reid colposcopic index (RCI) grading were performed for both groups. Results HR-HPV remission rates were 52.38% and 61.9% in the treatment group at the 3-and 6-month follow-up, respectively, whereas 20% and 30% in the control group at the 3-and 6-month follow-up visits. Conversion rates of abnormal TCT results were 66.67% and 77.78% in the treatment group at two follow-up visits. In contrast, the control group showed remission rates at 22.2% and 33.3%, respectively. There were 2 and 10 patients with grade of 3-4 or higher at the treatment group and the control group at the 6-month visit, respectively. RCI scoring was declining obviously at 6 months in the treatment group (P<0.05), whereas the control group showed no significantly difference. 16 of 22 (72.72%) patients with CINⅠin the treatment group were alleviated at 6-month visit compared to 35% in the control group(P<0.05). No serious adverse events happened during the treatment and follow up. Conclusion Tenofovir alafenamide is an effective, safe and accessible treatment for cervical HR-HPV infection.

目的 观察低频电刺激治疗对脑卒中偏瘫疗效,并分析其对患者周围神经电生理学与形态学的影响。方法 选取本院94例脑卒中偏瘫患者,以数字表法随机分为两组,各47例,对照组接受基础康复治疗,实验组予以早期综合康复治疗(于对照组基础上进行低频电刺激治疗),比较两组治疗前后Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能(FMA)评分、关节(腕与踝)主动活动范围(AROM)、周围神经电生理学[感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)、动态肌电图]与形态学[腕横纹正中神经(MN)横截面积(CSA)、宽度(W)以及厚度(T)]。结果 实验组治疗后BBS评分、上肢与下肢FMA评分高于对照组(P＜0.05),腕与踝AROM大于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组治疗后腓总神经与胫神经SCV、MCV高于对照组(P＜0.05),肱二头肌与腓肠肌协同收缩率均低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组治疗前后MN的CSA、T比较无差异(P＞0.05),实验组治疗后MN的W大于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 低频电刺激联合早期综合康复治疗可有效提高脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡能力、关节活动度及上下肢功能,改善周围神经电生理学与形态学,减轻周围神经损伤。

Objective To observe the curative effect of low frequency electrical stimulation treatment on stroke hemiplegia, and analyze its influences on peripheral nerve electrophysiology and morphology of patients. Methods A total of 94 patients with stroke hemiplegia in the hospital were randomly divided into two groups by number table method, 47 cases in each group. The control group was given basic rehabilitation treatment, while experimental group was given early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment (low frequency electrical stimulation on basis of control group). The scores of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), joint (wrist, ankle) active range of motion (AROM), peripheral nerve electrophysiology [sensory conduction velocity (SCV), motor conduction velocity (MCV), dynamic electromyogram (EMG) ] and morphology [cross-sectional area (CSA) of carpal transverse median nerve (MN), width (W), thickness (T)] before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, scores of BBS, upper and lower limbs FMA in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), AROM of wrist and ankle was larger than that in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, SCV and MCV of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while co-contraction rates of biceps and gastrocnemius muscles were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Before and after treatment, there were no differences in CSA and T of MN between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, W of MN in experimental group was greater than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low-frequency electrical stimulation combined with early comprehensive rehabilitation therapy may effectively increase the balance ability, joint range of motion and upper and lower limb function of stroke patients with hemiplegia, improve peripheral nerve electrophysiology and morphology, and reduce peripheral nerve injury.

目的 粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)是治疗疾病的新途径,本文总结我院408例(1 085例次)FMT的临床疗效和安全性。FMT治疗艰难梭菌感染有效率达80%,抗生素相关性腹泻68%,炎症性肠病52%,功能性肠病65%,代谢性疾病50%,其他疾病57%,安全性良好,未见严重不良事件发生,结果和多数文献相符。还需更多随机对照试验才能明确FMT的临床价值。

目的 了解城市围绝经期妇女绝经综合征的发生现状及分析相关影响因素,为进一步加强围绝经期妇女的保健工作提供理论依据。方法 纳入2019年2月—2020年2月就诊于广州市妇女儿童医疗中心中西医妇科门诊、天河及越秀区某社区的40～60岁女性共1 013名,采用问卷调查及Kupperman评分表收集出生日期,月经情况(初潮、绝经年龄等),孕产史,既往疾病史,身高、体质量,工作性质、家庭收入及个性等特征。结果 1 013例妇女的平均年龄是(47.70±4.95)岁,已绝经267例,未绝经女性中月经规律458例、月经紊乱288例,平均绝经年龄(49.49±3.26)岁。Kupperman评分超过15分(即诊断为绝经综合征)392 例(38.7%),其中轻度(15～20分) 222例(56.63%),中度(21～35分)162例(41.33%),重度(>35分)8例(2.04%)。多因素Logistic 回归分析表明,有慢性疾病较无慢性疾病史,月经紊乱、绝经较月经规律,家庭情况一般较和睦女性出现围绝经期症状风险升高,未观察到婚姻状况、个性特征、上班时长、社会适应、负性事件经历与围绝经期症状的出现相关。结论 广州城市存在绝经综合征的女性以轻中度为主,有慢性疾病、月经紊乱、绝经、家庭关系一般女性的绝经综合征发生风险较高,故应重视对全社会进行围绝经相关知识的宣教,重视家庭关系的和谐维护,当围绝经期妇女出现相关症状须及时寻求帮助,以保障广大围绝经期妇女顺利度过围绝经期阶段。

Objective To investigate the menopause symptoms and factors of the premenopausal women in urban areas, and thereby provide theoretical basis for their health care. Methods The research data was collected from 1 013 patients (age between 40-60) in the gynecology clinic and adult traditional Chinese medicine clinic in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and the communities in Tian'he and Yue'xiu during February 2019—February 2020. By applying the questionnaire and Kupperman score table, the survey was conducted on the dates of birth, menstruations, times of menarche and menopause, records on pregnancy and childbirth, previously diagnosed diseases, heights, weights, classifications of work, family incomes, and personalities, etc. Results The average age of the 1 013 women was 47.70±4.95. Among them, 267 were with menopause (happening in 49.49±3.26 years old), 458 had regular menstruation, while 288 were with menstrual disorder. In the Kupperman scale, the scores of 392 cases (38.7%) were above 15, which can be diagnosed with menopause symptoms. Among them, the majority (222 cases, 56.63%) were with slight symptoms (15-20 scores), followed by 162 cases (41.33%) with moderate symptoms (21-35 scores), and 8 cases (2.04%) with severe symptoms (above 35 scores) respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared with women having satisfactory family relationship, participants suffering from chronic diseases, menstrual disorder, and poor family relationships, had higher risks of perimenopause. However, it had no relations with the marital status, personalities, working hours, social adaptabilities, and negative life events. Conclusion Guangzhou urban women with menopause symptoms are mainly slight and moderate. Participants with chronic diseases, menstrual disorders and poor family relationships are at a higher risk of having menopause symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to popularize the knowledge of menopause in the society and attach importance to the maintenance of satisfactory family relationship. When perimenopausal women have relevant symptoms, they should seek medical help in time thus they can smoothly pass the peri-menopausal stage.

目的 通过对不同职业人群前列腺疾病患病情况及相关危险因素进行分析,探讨不同职业人群前列腺疾病的患病率及相关危险因素。方法 选择2019年1月—2019年12月在我院健康管理中心进行前列腺超声检查的不同职业人群3 219例,按其职业分为5类:医务人员、国企职工、私企职工、高校教职工和银行职工,分析不同职业人群前列腺疾病患病情况及其相关影响因素。结果 3 219例受检者中,前列腺疾病的患病率为43.96%,前列腺疾病患病率随着年龄的增长而升高(P＜0.001);20～29岁及30～39岁年龄组前列腺钙化患病率均高于其他三种类型前列腺疾病(P＜0.001),而60岁以上年龄组前列腺增生和合并两种及以上前列腺疾病患病率均高于其他两种类型前列腺疾病(P＜0.001);前列腺增生和合并两种及以上前列腺疾病的患病率均随着年龄的增长而递增(P＜0.001);不同职业人群前列腺疾病的患病率不同(P＜0.001),银行职工的前列腺疾病患病率最高,为52.36%;体质量指数升高组、血压升高组和血脂升高组的前列腺钙化患病率均高于其对应的正常组(P＜0.05);体质量指数升高组、血糖升高组、血压升高组和血脂升高组的前列腺增生患病率均高于其对应的正常组(P＜0.001)。结论 不同的职业群体前列腺疾病的患病情况不一样,体质量指数升高、血压升高、血脂升高及血糖升高等相关因素增加患前列腺疾病的风险,应加强前列腺疾病预防保健方面的健康宣传,提倡健康的生活方式,从而降低前列腺疾病的患病率。

Objective To study on epidemic situation of prostate disease and related risk factors in different occupational groups by analyzing the prevalence and related risk factors of prostate disease in different occupational groups. Methods 3 219 cases of five different occupations including medical staffs, state-owned enterprise staffs, private enterprise staffs,college staffs and bank staffs who had underwent prostate ultrasonography in the health management centre department of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019 were included as study objects to analyze the prevalence of prostate disease and its related factors in different occupational groups. Results The prevalence of prostate disease was 43.96% in 3 219 cases of different occupational groups, and the prevalence of prostate disease increased greatly with age(P＜0.001). The detection rates of prostate calcification in the age group of 20-29 and 30-39 were greatly higher than the other three types of prostate diseases(P＜0.001). The detection rate of BPH and with two or more prostate diseases in the age group over 60 years old was greatly higher than the other two types of prostate diseases(P＜0.001);The detection rates of BPH and with two or more prostate diseases were significantly increased with age (P＜0.001). There was an obvious difference inthe prevalence of prostate diseasesamong different occupational groups(P＜0.001). The prevalence of prostate disease in bank staffs was 52.36%, which was the highest among the five occupations. The prevalence of prostate calcification in the group with high body mass index, high blood pressure and high blood lipid were greatly higher than that of their normal group(P＜0.05). The prevalence of BPH in the group with high body mass index, high blood glucose, high blood pressure and high blood lipid were higher than that of their greatly normal group(P＜0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of prostate diseases is different among different occupational groups. Relative factors such as high body mass index, high blood glucose, high blood pressure and high blood lipid will increase the risk of prostate disease. By strengthening the health promotion of prostate disease prevention and health care, promoting a healthy lifestyle, it may reduce the prevalence of prostate disease.

目的 了解广州市区全血乳糜血报废的趋势变化和献血人群特征,并分析其背后的原因,为进一步减少全血乳糜血报废提供参考依据。方法 通过广州血液中心信息系统检索,统计2017—2019年期间中心全血乳糜血报废量、报废率等相关数据,并分层统计性别、年龄、献血方式与报废的关系,提出有效减少乳糜血报废的对策。结果 2017—2019年期间广州血液中心共采集制备3 003 998单位血液,因乳糜血原因报废的血液达69 311单位,报废率2.31%,占总报废的44.02%。其中,男性献血者乳糜血报废率显著高于女性献血者,报废血液主要为18～40岁年龄段的无偿献血,约一半报废血来自团体献血者。结论 加大献血知识的宣传,特别是团体献血者;做细献血前征询工作和献血后跟踪随访;关注男性和年轻献血者,进一步减少全血乳糜血报废几率。

Objective To evaluate the trend of scrapped chylemia blood in whole blood collection and the characteristics of blood donors in urban area of Guangzhou, analyze the reasons behind so as to provide reference for further reducing chylemia blood scrapped. Methods Search the whole blood collection and scrapped chylemia blood data from 2017 to 2019 through the information system of Guangzhou Blood Center, stratifiy gender,age,donation way, and look for solutions. Results 3 003 998 U blood component were collected and prepared from 2017 to 2019. Totally 69 311 U chylemia blood were scrapped due to chylemia blood, accounting for 44.02% of the total discarded blood. Scrapped chylemia blood rate were significantly higher among male blood donors than among female donors,and mainly aged from 18-40 donors. About half of the discarded blood came from group donors. Conclusion Greater efforts to publicize especially for group donors,careful consultation before blood donation and follow-up after blood donation should be taken. We should pay close attention to male and young blood donors, so as to further reduce the possibility of scrapped chylemia blood.

目的 探讨无痛镇静在胃镜下上消化道异物取出术中的应用价值。方法 回顾分析2017年5月1日—2020年5月1日在东莞东华医院消化内镜中心接受内镜下上消化道异物取出术患者,对其临床资料进行分析,总结比较在无痛镇静下和普通胃镜下上消化道异物取出术两组患者的诊疗效果。结果 共357例患者,行胃镜下异物取出术共372次,其中无痛镇静组99例,普通组273例,其中15例患者在普通胃镜下异物取出术失败改为无痛镇静下胃镜取出术成功取出,最终10人异物未取出转外科或上级医院;在无痛镇静下行胃镜上消化道异物取出术比普通胃镜下异物取出术成功率高(P＜0.05),黏膜损伤、出血、穿孔等并发症少(P＜0.05),人均费用低(P＜0.05);无痛镇静后患者血氧饱和度、血压下降(P＜0.05),心率升高(P＜0.05),其中老年人影响明显(P＜0.05),但不影响患者内镜操作,氟马西尼催醒后心率、血氧饱和度、血压恢复正常(P＞0.05)。结论 在无痛镇静下行胃镜上消化道异物取术安全、有效、成功率高、医疗费用少,患者易于接受的好方法,值得推广。

Objective To explore the application value of painless gastroscope in the removal of foreign body in upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods The study involved patients who visited at the department of endoscopy center at Hospital (Dongguan, China). Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract from May 1, 2017 to May 1, 2020. We analyzed the patients' clinical data and compared the diagnosis and treatment effect between the painless gastroscope group and normal gastroscopy group. Results A total of 357 patients were included, 372 times of removal of foreign body under gastroscope were conducted. A total of 99 cases in painless gastroscope group were treated by painless gastroscope with painless sedation, 273 cases in normal gastroscopy group were treated by normal gastroscopy, among them, 15 cases were failed to removal the foreign body treated by normal gastroscopy, and turned into the painless sedation gastroscopy. Finally, 10 patients with foreign bodies were not removed and transferred to surgical department or higher level hospitals. In the treatment of endoscopic foreign body removal, the success rate of painless gastroscope group was higher (P<0.05), the complication incidence of mucosal injury, bleeding and perforation and cost per capita were lower than that of normal gastroscopy(P<0.05). Following painless sedation, the blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure dropped (P<0.05) and heart rate increased (P<0.05), the effect of the sedatives on the elderly was the most obvious (P<0.05), but it did not affect the patient's endoscopic operation, and the heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and blood pressure (P>0.05) after awakening. Conclusion Painless gastroscope in the removal of foreign body in upper gastrointestinal tract is safe, effective high success rate, less medical cost, and easy for patients to accept, it should be widely applied.

目的 探讨品管圈活动在降低使用肠内营养制剂患者肠内营养相关性腹泻发生率的应用效果。方法 由全科医学科的11名护士组成品管圈小组,按品管圈实施步骤首先确定“降低使用肠内营养制剂患者肠内营养相关性腹泻的发生率”为活动主题,对肠内营养患者发生腹泻的情况和护士对肠内营养相关性腹泻认知情况进行现状调查,分析引起肠内营养相关性腹泻的原因,制定并实施相应的整改措施。结果 开展品管圈活动后使用肠内营养制剂腹泻率由原来的50%降低到21.03%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ²=24.859,P＜0.001)。将肠内营养制剂加温到38 ℃～40 ℃输注的腹泻率为28.10%,在常温下20 ℃～29 ℃输注的腹泻率为14.5%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ²=7,P＜0.05),达到了目标值;开展品管圈后圈能力较开展前高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 开展品管圈活动可有效降低使用肠内营养制剂患者相关性腹泻的发生率,同时增强护理人员质量管理能力。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of quality control circle(QCC) activities in reducing the incidence of enteral nutrition-related diarrhea in patients using enteral nutritionpreparations. Methods According to the QCC's steps, 11 nurses from general medicine department participated in the QCC group first determined the theme as:Reduce the incidence of enteral nutrition preparations correlated diarrhea in patients with enteral nutrition.The situation of diarrhea in patients with enteral nutrition and the cognition of nurses on enteral nutrition-related diarrhea were investigated, the causes of enteral nutrition-related diarrhea were analyzed, and corresponding corrective measures were formulated and implemented. Results After carrying out the QCC program, the incidence rate of enteral nutrition preparation-associated diarrhea decreased from 50% to 21.03%, the result indicated statistical significance(χ²=24.859,P＜0.001). The diarrheal rate for warmed enteral nutrition preparations at 38℃-40℃ was 28.10%, and for those under room temperature at 20℃-29℃ was 14.5%, the result of these two groups indicated statistical significance (χ²=7,P＜0.05),target number was achieved. The ability of quality control for the nurses are improved compared to that before QCC activity, noted statistical significance (P＜0.05). Conclusion QCC activity has effectively reduced the incidence of diarrhea in patients who use enteral nutrition preparations as well as enhance the management ability of nurses in providing quality care.

目的 探讨血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平对小儿急性肺炎的诊断价值。方法 选取2014年1月—2019年12月我院收治的小儿急性肺炎100例作为研究组,同时根据有无发生感染将其分为感染组(26例)与非感染组(74例),另外选择同期在我院检查的健康儿童100例作为对照组。比较感染组与非感染组血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平、感染组与对照组血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平、非感染组与对照组血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平。结果 感染组中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白高于非感染组(P＜0.05),两组血沉对比,无明显差异(P＞0.05);感染组中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白、血沉高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组中性粒细胞百分比、C-反应蛋白水平相比,无明显差异(P＞0.05),非感染组白细胞计数、血沉高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 小儿急性肺炎的诊断中,对小儿的血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平进行检测对诊断疾病非常重要,值得临床使用。

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level in children with acute pneumonia. Methods A total of 100 cases of acute pneumonia in children admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were selected as the study group. At the same time, they were divided into an infected group (26 cases) and a non-infected group (74 cases) according to the presence or absence of infection. In addition, 100 healthy children examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Blood routine examination, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level were compared between infected and non-infected group; in infection and control group blood routine examination, ESR, C-reactive protein level were compared; in non-infection and control group blood routine examination, ESR, C-reactive protein level were compared. Results The percentage of neutrophils, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein in the infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two groups (P> 0.05). The percentage of neutrophils, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the infected group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of neutrophils and C-reactive protein levels between the two groups (P> 0.05), and the white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the non-infected group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion In the diagnosis of acute pneumonia in children, it is very important to detect the blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level in children, and it is worthy of clinical use.

目的 观察低出生体重早产儿应用抗生素后肠道菌群的动态变化。方法 选取2018年6月—2019年7月在广州市第一人民医院住院的10名低出生体重早产儿,在出生时、出生后1~2周、出生后2~3周、出生后3~4周、出生后4~5周、出生后5~6周时分别收集粪便样本,通过16s高通量测序检测患儿粪便菌群变化并统计分析。结果 应用抗生素后的低出生体重早产儿肠道菌群α多样性(Shannon指数、Simpson指数、ACE指数和PD_whole_tree指数)下降(P均<0.05),肠道菌群结构在门、科、属水平均发生改变,其中Alistipes、Bacteroides、Lactobacillus、unidentified_Lachnospiraceae、unidentified_Ruminococcaceae、Alloprevotella、unidentified_Cyanobacteria、Bacillus、Stenotrophomonas和Acinetobacter菌属相对丰度减少(P均<0.05)。结论 低出生体重早产儿应用抗生素后肠道菌群多样性下降,肠道菌群结构发生改变,并在抗生素停用后仍持续,针对性补充益生菌或益生元可能有助于肠道菌群恢复稳态。

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of gut microbiota in premature infants with low birth weight after antibiotics therapy. Methods 10 low birth weight premature infants hospitalized in Guangzhou First People's Hospital from June 2018 to July 2019 were included. Fecal samples were collected at birth, 1~2 weeks after birth, 2~3 weeks after birth, 3~4 weeks after birth, 4~5 weeks after birth and 5~6 weeks after birth, respectively. The changes of fecal microbiota were detected and analyzed by 16s high-throughput sequencing. Results The α-diversity of gut microbiota (Shannon index, Simpson index, ACE index and PD_whole_tree index) in low birth weight preterm infants treated with antibiotics decreased (P<0.05). The structure of gut microbiota changed at phylum, family and genus levels, among which Alistipes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, Alloprevotella, unidentified_Cyanobacteria, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion The diversity of gut microbiota in low birth weight preterm infants decreased and the structure of gut microbiota changed after antibiotic therapy. Targeted supplementation of probiotics or prebiotics may contribute to the recovery of gut microbial homeostasis.