目的 采用Meta分析系统定量地评价我国高中生与大学生艾滋病健康教育的干预效果,为在学生群体中开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。方法 以“艾滋病”、“健康教育”、“大学生”和“高中生”为主题词和关键词联合检索PubMed、中国知网和万方数据库的相关文献,各数据库检索时间范围限定在2006年1月—2017年6月。对符合纳入排除标准的文献进行质量评价及摘录所需数据,以健康教育前后艾滋病常识得分作为效应值,运用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入19篇合格文献。Meta分析结果显示,健康教育对中学生与大学生艾滋病常识得分影响的标准均数差(Standard Mean Difference,SMD)=1.17(95% CI=0.88～1.47)。结论 健康教育对提高我国高中生与大学生艾滋病相关知识的知晓有较好的效果。

目的 了解广州市海珠区在校学生结核病核心知识知晓率现状、对结核病态度及相关行为,为进一步加强学校结核病健康教育工作提供依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法随机选取海珠区内6所学校268名学生进行问卷调查,采用描述性分析、卡方检验。结果 学生结核病知识总知晓率为76.4%,女生结核病知识知晓率比男生高,高中生比大学生和初中生高,市内学生比市外学生知晓率高;户籍是市内的学生更愿意去了解结核病,女生比男生高,市内比市外的学生更加愿意成为志愿者;对于出现结核病疑似症状,大学生更为主动地寻求医生帮助,女学生在自己得了肺结核后会更加主动提醒周围人去检查。结论 学生对结核病的总知晓率仍偏低,以后的结核病健康教育应进一步针对学生的不同特征采取更合适的方式进行宣传,提高学生对结核病的知晓率,促使其形成正确的态度和行为。

Objective To understand the status of the awareness rate of tuberculosis knowledge,attitude and behavior among students in Haizhu district, Guangzhou, and to provide evidence for further strengthening the work of tuberculosis health education in schools. Methods Applying stratified random sampling method to choose 268 students from 6 schools for questionnaire investigation and used descriptive statistical analysis method, Chi-square test to assess related indicators. Results The awareness rate of TB knowledge was 76.4%, female students' was higher than male students', high school students' was the highest, Guangzhou household registers was higher than that no householder in Guangzhou; the students of householder in Guangzhou were more willing to learn about TB, female students' and the students of householder in Guangzhou were more willing to become a volunteer; College students were more active to seek medical help, female students after they had pulmonary tuberculosis would more active to remind the people around to have a check. Conclusion The level of knowledge about tuberculosis among students in the district was still lower than the standard. The health education of tuberculosis knowledge should further make publicity according to the different features of the students, to improve the students the awareness of TB and to promote the formation of correct confidence and behavior

目的 调查广州市在校大学生AIDS相关知识及对HIV感染者态度现状,为学校更有效地开展大学生AIDS健康教育提供依据。方法 采用目的抽样方法,对广州市某高校 1200名在校大学生进行关于AIDS相关知识、态度的问卷调查。结果 不同年级、生源地,AIDS相关知识差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);多数学生对HIV感染者持积极态度,但仅5.73%的学生愿意与HIV感染者共餐;2.70%愿意与感染HIV的同学同住一个寝室。网络是大学生获取AIDS相关知识的最主要途径。结论 大学生AIDS相关知识知晓率水平较高,但缺乏系统性和全面性;多数学生对HIV感染者持积极态度,但是一旦与自我卷入较深,即表现出对HIV感染者的回避甚至歧视。高校应加强对大学生AIDS健康教育的系统性、全面性和深刻性,以消除对AIDS的心理恐惧,达到对HIV感染者的零歧视。

Objective To investigate the AIDS related knowledge of the Guangzhou undergraduates and the attitudes on HIV infection status, for the school to provide basis for AIDS health education and to carry out AIDS health education during college students more effectively. Methods 1200 college students in a university in Guangzhou were surveyed by a questionnaire on HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitudes, using the way of purposive of sampling. Results There was statistical significant difference on the AIDS-related knowledge in the different grades and origin of students (P<0.01). The majority of students has a positive attitude to the HIV-infected, but only 5.73% of them wer willing to share a meal with HIV-infected persons, and 2.70% of them were willing to live with HIV-infected. The network is the most important way to access to HIV/AIDS related knowledge for college students. Conclusion The level awareness during college student on AIDS-related knowledge is high, but lack of systematic and comprehensive. The majority of students had a positive attitude towards the HIV-infetected, however once self-involved, they may avoid even discriminate the HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, the universities should strengthen AIDS health education of college students comprehensively and profoundly, in order to eliminate fear of AIDS, and reached zero discrimination HIV-infected persons in the future.

        目的   分析护生死亡态度的潜在类别及其影响因素，为开设符合我国国情的死亡教育课程提供参考。方法   采用便利抽样法，选取唐山市高校护生为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表进行调查，基于潜在剖面分析护生死亡态度的类别及不同类别的影响因素。结果   共发放问卷520份，回收问卷516份，回收率为99.23%，剔除无效问卷11份，有效回收率为97.87%。护生死亡态度描绘量表得分为（96.91±13.20）分，经过剖面分析可划分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型（63.60%）和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型（36.40%）2个潜在类别。Logistic回归分析结果显示，陪伴临终亲友、未接触过死亡相关场所、半年内有亲友离世的护生属于死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型的概率较大，自身性格偏外向、研究生学历的护生属于死亡态度积极-自然接受型的概率较大（均P＜0.05）。结论   护生死亡态度存在明显的分类特征，可分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型2个潜在类别；相关院校可针对不同类别特征的护生开设死亡教育相关课程，以期帮助护生更深刻地认识死亡，树立科学死亡观。

       Objective  To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of nursing students’ death attitude，to provide reference for setting up death education courses in line with China’s situation．Methods  Convenient sampling method was used to select nursing students in Tangshan．General data questionnaire and death attitude description scale were used to investigate the categories of nursing students’ death attitude and their influencing factors based on latent profiles．Results  A total of 520 questionnaires were sent out and 516 were collected with a rate of 99.23%．Eleven invalid questionnaires were excluded with an effective rate of 97.87%．The score of the death attitude description scale of nursing students was（96.91±13.20），which could be divided into two potential categories：positive death attitude - natural acceptance type（51.49%）and negative death attitude - fear type（48.51%）after profile analysis．Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing students who accompanied their dying relatives and friends，had no visit to death-related places，and had relatives and friends who died within six months had a higher probability of negative death attitude - fear of death，while nursing students with extrovert personality and graduate degree had a higher probability of positive death attitude - natural acceptance（all P＜0.05）．Conclusions  There were obvious classification characteristics of nursing students’ attitude towards death，which can be divided into two latent categories：positive attitude towards death - natural acceptance type and negative attitude towards death - fear type．Relevant colleges and universities can set up death education courses for nursing students with different characteristics，in order to help nursing students have a deeper understanding of death and establish a scientific view of death．

       目的   分析结核专科医院医学生特征及管理配合度影响因素，为进一步提升医学生管理配合提供参考。方法   选择在院511名医学生进行基本情况采集及问卷调查，以问卷打卡次数及打卡时间评估医学生的管理配合度，并进一步分析其影响因素。结果   进修生、研究生及实习生的性别构成比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），而年龄、专业及学历比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。医学生的学历与管理配合度无关，而不同年龄、性别、类别、专业医学生的管理配合度比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论   针对结核病专科医院医学生的类别、专业、年龄等不同特征，调整专科医院教学管理方法并实行相应的管理措施，对加强专科教学医院的医学生管理工作具有一定的价值。

       Objective  To analyze the characteristics and the influencing factors of management cooperation of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospital，providing  reference for further improving the cooperation of medical  students in management．Methods  Five hundred and eleven medical students were selected in the specialized hospital for basic information collection and questionnaire survey，the management cooperation of medical students were evaluated from the frequency and time of questionnaire check-in，and the influencing factors were further analyzed．Results  According to the classification as continuing education students，graduate students and interns，there was no statistical difference in gender，but there were  differences in age，major，and education degree（P＜0.05）．Age，gender，type，and major of the students were all  related to management cooperation（P＜0.05），while the education degree was not related to it． Conclusions  According to the different characteristics of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospitals，such as their categories，majors and ages，adjusting the teaching management methods in specialized hospitals and implementing management measures have certain reference value for strengthening the management of medical students in specialized teaching hospitals．

      目的   分析高原地区3～6年级学生屈光状态及屈光参数之间的关系。方法  2023年9月，采用随机抽样方法选取林芝市波密县某两所小学3～6年级535名学生进行校园筛查。计算并记录裸眼远视力（UCVA），非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光下散光及其轴位、等效球镜（SE）、眼轴（AL）、角膜曲率半径（CR）和眼轴/角膜曲率半径轴率比（AL/CR）。采用SPSS 22.00统计软件分析数据。结果  3～6年级学生AL和AL/CR大体趋势为随年级升高而增长，SE随年级升高而降低。3～6年级学生总体筛查性近视患病率为29.91%，且3～6年级筛查性近视患病率分别为20.35%、25.53%、30.53%和51.38%。总体散光患病率为51.59%，其中顺规散光、逆规散光及斜轴散光分别占90.22%、7.61%及2.17%。视力不良者约40.37%。以非睫状肌麻痹验光SE≤-0.50 D同时UCVA＜5.0作为筛查性近视的诊断，AL/CR诊断筛查性近视的灵敏度为0.656、特异度为0.887和Youden指数为0.534，曲线下面积（AUC）为0.802，优于AL评估（AUC=0.764）。结论   高原地区3～6年级学生的筛查性近视患病率随年级升高而快速增长，且散光患病率较高，视力不良者较多。AL／CR值对筛查性近视监测具有一定的临床意义。

      Objective  To analyze the  relationship  between  refractive  status and  refractive  parameters of  students in grades three-six in plateau area．Methods  In September，2023，a random sampling method was used to select 535 students from grades three-six of two primary schools in Bomi County，Nyingchi City，for school screening．Distance uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA），astigmatism and its axis position，equivalent spherical（SE），axial length（AL），corneal radius（CR），and axial length/corneal radius ratio（AL/CR）were calculated and recorded．The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 22.00．Results  The general trend of AL and AL/CR for grade three-six students was increased with grade increasing，while SE decreased with grade increasing．The overall prevalence of screening myopia was 29.91%，and the prevalence of screening myopia in grades three to six was 20.35%，25.53%，30.53% and 51.38%，respectively．The overall prevalence rate of astigmatism was 51.59%，including 90.22%，7.61% and 2.17% for astigmatism with the rule，astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism，respectively．About 40.37% of the students had poor vision．Screening myopia was diagnosed using non-cycloplegic optometry with SE ≤-0.50 D combined with UCVA＜5.0．The sensitivity and specificity of AL/CR for screening myopia were 0.656 and 0.887，respectively，with a Youden index of 0.534 and an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.802．This was superior to the AL evaluation，which had an AUC of 0.764．Conclusions  The prevalence of screening myopia increased rapidly with the increase of grade in grade 3 to 6 in plateau area．And there were high prevalence of astigmatism and more poor vision．AL/CR value has a certain clinical significance in the monitoring of screening myopia．

    目的   研究羽毛球颠球运动对低年级小学生近视的改善效果，为制定儿童青少年近视干预方案提供依据。方法   采用方便抽样方法，抽取广州市1个城区1所小学三年级4个班共182名学生作为研究对象。基线调查完成后，以班为单位，采用随机数字表法将4个班分为干预组（2个班，91例）和对照组（2个班，91例），干预组安排羽毛球颠球项目体育活动，对照组按原教学计划安排非球类常规体育活动。比较两组干预前后筛查性近视率、视力不良率和近视进展程度。结果  干预前两组的年龄、性别、筛查性近视率、视力不良率及近视分级比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组干预后的等效球镜度数（SE）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；对照组干预后的裸眼远视力（UDVA）低于干预组，△UDVA、△SE均高于干预组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对照组新发筛查性近视率29.13%、累积筛查性近视率49.45%、累积视力不良率68.13%及近视进展程度，均高于干预组新发筛查性近视率7.69%、累积筛查性近视率34.07%、累积视力不良率52.74%及近视进展程度，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论   羽毛球颠球运动能降低低年级小学生视力不良进展速度，减少近视的发生率及近视程度，学校可结合引起近视的因素进行灵活应用，以预防近视的发生发展。

      Objective  To study the impact of badminton juggling on the myopia of lower-grade primary school students and to provide a basis for developing myopia intervention strategies for children and adolescents．Methods  By using the convenience sampling method，182 third-grade students from four classes in a primary school in a district of Guangzhou were selected as subjects．After completing the baseline survey，the four classes were divided into an intervention group（2 classes，91 students）and a control group（2 classes，91 students）using a random number table．The intervention group was arranged to participate in badminton juggling sports activities，while the control group followed the original teaching plan without ball games．The study compared the screening rate of myopia，the rate of poor vision，and the degree of myopia progression before and after the study in both groups．Results  On baseline，there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age，gender，rate of screening myopia，poor vision，and myopia grading（P＞0.05）．After 12 months，there was no statistically significant difference in the spherical equivalent（SE） comparison between the two groups（P＞0.05）．However，the uncorrected distance visual acuity（UDVA） of the control group after 12 months was significantly lower than that of the intervention group，and both △UDVA and △SE were significantly higher than those of the intervention group，with all differences being statistically significant（P＜0.05）．Incidence of screening myopia in the control group （29.13%），the cumulative rate of screening myopia（49.45%），the cumulative rate of poor vision （68.13%），and the degree of myopia progression was significantly higher than those in the intervention group，which had incidence of screening myopia at 7.69%，the cumulative rate of screening myopia at 34.07%，cumulative rate of poor vision at 52.74%．All these differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Badminton juggling can slow down vision deterioration，reduce the incidence and severity of myopia in lower grade primary school students．Schools can flexibly apply these findings in conjunction with factors that contribute to myopia to prevent its occurrence and development．