股骨转子间骨折是最常见的髋部骨折,内固定手术为其目前治疗的首选方式。头颈钉位置是评估手术效果和判断治疗预后的重要因素,合适的置钉位置有利于稳定骨折、加速康复以及改善预后。目前头颈钉位置最经典的评估方式为尖顶距(TAD),但TAD至今仍存在较多争议。近年来提出的轴刀角、尖颈距离比、偏心距(ED)以及标准化TAD(STAD)为临床实践拓展了新视野。文章通过对上述头颈钉位置的评估方法及局限性进行文献综述,旨在为临床手术置钉时提供相应的参考。ED和STAD的提出,为未来人工智能评估头颈钉位置提供了可能。
Femoral intertrochanteric fracture is one of the most common hip fractures, and the internal fixation is the preferred treatment. The position of cephalic fixator is an important factor to evaluate the effect of operation and the prognosis of treatment. Tip-apex-distance(TAD)is the most classical method to evaluate the position of cephalic fixator, but it is still controversial. In recent years, the axis-blade angle,tip-neck distance ratio, eccentric distance(ED)and standardized TAD(STAD)have been proposed,though with limitations, they also provide a new perspective for clinical practice. In this study, we reviewed the literature on the evaluation of the position of cephalic fixator in order to provide the corresponding references and guidance for the clinical operation of internal fixation. Both STAD and ED may be the theoretical possibility of artificial intelligence evaluation of the position of cephalic fixator in the future.
目的 分析拔除导致邻牙牙根外吸收(ERR)的埋伏阻生第三磨牙后ERR患牙的预后情况及影响因素。方法 对32例埋伏阻生第三磨牙挤压致ERR的患牙,在拔除阻生第三磨牙后,通过临床症状、电活力测试观察第二磨牙牙髓的预后,根据其预后不同,分为保髓成功组及保髓失败组,比较两组的基本信息(年龄、性别)、患牙部位、牙根吸收类型,分析影响ERR患牙预后的相关因素。结果 下颌ERR患牙保髓成功率(91.67%)高于上颌ERR患牙(62.50%)(P=0.085),牙根吸收未及髓腔的患牙保髓成功率(100%)高于牙根吸收及髓腔的患牙(70.59%)(P=0.046),两组间的基本信息比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 当患牙牙根吸收未及牙髓时或患牙位于下颌时,拔除埋伏第三磨牙后ERR患牙预后相对良好,故应尽早拔除已导致ERR发生的埋伏阻生第三磨牙。
Objective To analyze the prognosis and influencing factors of external root resorption(ERR)of adjacent teeth after the removal of impacted third molar that caused ERR.Methods Thirty-two cases of impacted third molars with external root resorption caused by compression were treated.After the extraction of the impacted third molars,the prognosis of the pulp of the second molars was observed through clinical symptoms and electrical activity tests.According to their different prognoses,they were divided into a successful pulp preservation group and a failed pulp preservation group.The basic information(age,gender),affected tooth location,and root resorption type of the two groups were compared,and the relevant factors affecting the prognosis of ERR patients were analyzed.Results The success rate of pulp preservation for mandibular ERR patients(91.67%)was higher than that for maxillary ERR patients(62.50%)(P=0.085),and the success rate of pulp preservation for ERR not involving pulp cavity(100%)was higher than that for ERR involving pulp cavity(70.59%)(P=0.046).There was no significant difference in basic information between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions When the root resorption of the affected tooth does not reach the pulp or when the affected tooth is located in the lower jaw,the prognosis of the affected tooth after the impacted third molar removed is good.Therefore,the impacted third molar should be removed as soon as possible to prevent ERR from occurring.
目的 对入住重症监护病房(ICU)重症孕产妇患者的病种特征和住院费用进行分析。方法 从医院信息管理系统中搜索2009—2019年广州市某省级重症孕产妇救治中心ICU的重症孕产妇住院病例,对病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2009—2019年该救治中心ICU共收治重症孕产妇1 616例,病种排名前五位依次为心血管疾病430例(26.61%)、血液及造血器官疾病310例(19.18%)、妊娠期特定并发疾病287例(17.76%)、消化系统疾病218例(13.49%)、呼吸系统疾病110例(6.81%)。患者经济负担中位数排名前五位依次为肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病(62 252.60元)、消化系统疾病(61 684.41元)、感染性疾病(42 945.70元)、血液及造血器官疾病(40 403.52元)、神经系统疾病(40 055.93元)。结论 入住ICU内的重症孕产妇以心血管疾病、血液及造血器官疾病为主,经济学分析表明肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病造成的经济损失较大。
Objective To analyze the disease characteristics and hospitalization expenses of severe maternal patients in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Hospitalized cases of severe maternal disease in ICU of a provincial critical care center in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2019 were searched from the hospital information management system,and case data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results From 2009 to 2019,a total of 1616 critically ill maternal patients received intensive care treatment at this center.The predominant diseases observed were cardiovascular disorders(26.61%),blood and hematopoietic organ diseases(19.18%),specific pregnancy-related complications(17.76%),gastrointestinal ailments(13.49%),and respiratory disorders(6.81%).Among the top five patient groups,the median economic burden was the highest in musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases(62 252.600 yuan),followed by digestive system diseases(61 684.410 yuan),infectious diseases(42 945.700 yuan),blood and hematopoietic organ diseases(40 403.515 yuan),and nervous system disorders(40 055.930 yuan)Furthermore,a discernible correlation between hospitalization cost and length of stay was identified.Conclusions Cardiovascular diseases and disorders of blood and hematopoietic organs are the primary causes for maternal admissions to ICU.Economic analysis shows that musculoskeletal system and connective tissues diseases cause bigger economic loss .
当前公立医院面临的内外部环境十分复杂,各种不确定因素影响公立医院健康运营。引入内部控制理念,建立健全采购与付款环节是必要的。文章对目前公立医院采购与付款业务管理中存在的问题进行分析,从改善内部环境建设、建立起有效的风险评估体系、加强采购与付款业务控制活动、巩固监督检查体系、加强信息沟通建设五个方面提出相应策略,优化公立医院采购与付款环节内部控制,从而减少风险带来的不确定性,保障医院运行的效率效益,助力医院高质量持续发展。
Public hospitals are currently navigating a complex internal and external environment,where various uncertainties can impact their effective operation.The introduction of internal control concepts and the establishment of robust procurement and payment processes are essential.This paper analyzes the issues present in the management of procurement and payment operations within public hospitals.It proposes strategies across five key areas:enhancing the internal environment,establishing an effective risk assessment framework,strengthening control activities in procurement and payment processes,reinforcing the supervision and inspection system,and improving information communication.These strategies aim to optimize internal controls,reduce uncertainty associated with risks,ensure operational efficiency,and support the sustainable,high-quality development of public hospitals.
目的 探讨不同清洗方法对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械清洗效果。方法 以河源地区某三级医院消毒供应中心2023年7—12月同型号PMMA骨水泥术后附着的215件骨科外来医疗器械为研究对象,所有器械均为不锈钢材质,表面光滑,无明显磨损,利用随机数字表将其分为对照组与观察组。对照组(107件)采用常规预处理后清洗消毒器清洗,观察组(108件)预处理采用95%乙醇浸泡15 min后联合快干增亮剂清洗消毒器清洗。比较两种不同清洗方法的清洗效果。结果 观察组的器械清洗消毒后更加光滑且清洁,对照组的器械表面有部分磨损且仍存在一定程度的残留物。采用10倍光源放大镜清洁度检查,对照组清洗合格100件,清洗合格率为93.5%;观察组清洗合格108件,清洗合格率为100%。采用杰力试纸法检测,观察组清洗合格率为100%,对照组清洗合格率为94.4%,采用快速检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光法检查,观察组清洗合格率为99.1%,对照组清洗合格率为93.5%,观察组的清洗合格率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PMMA骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械采用95%乙醇浸泡15 min后联合快干增亮剂和清洗消毒器可以提高清洗合格率以及外来器械再处理技术的安全性,为安全质量管理提供了有利依据。该技术适合推广使用,能有效排除医疗隐患,确保医疗安全。
Objective To compare the cleaning effects of different methods on external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement.Methods A total of 215 external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement were selected from the disinfection supply center of a tertiary hospital in Heyuan from July to December 2023.All devices were made of stainless steel,with smooth surfaces and no significant abrasion.The devices were randomly divided into control group and observation group using a random number table.The control group(107 devices)was cleaned using conventional pre-treatment followed by a cleaning and disinfection machine.The observation group(108 devices)was pre-treated by soaking in 95% medical ethanol for 15 minutes,followed by cleaning with a quick-drying brightener and a cleaning and disinfection machine.The cleaning effects of the two methods were compared.Results The study showed that the devices in the observation group were smoother and cleaner after cleaning and disinfection,while the devices in the control group had some abrasion and residual contaminants.Using a 10 x magnifying glass to check cleanliness,the control group had 107 devices passed the cleaning test,with a pass rate of 93.5%,while the observation group had 108 devices passed,with a pass rate of 100%.Using the Geri test paper method,the observation group had a cleaning pass rate of 100%,and the control group had a pass rate of 94.4%.Using the ATP bioluminescence method,the observation group had a cleaning pass rate of 99.1%,and the control group had a pass rate of 93.5%.The cleaning pass rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions Soaking external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement in 95% medical ethanol for 15 minutes,followed by cleaning with a quick-drying brightener and a cleaning and disinfection machine,can improve the cleaning pass rate and enhance the safety of reprocessing external devices.This technique provides a strong basis for safety and quality management,is suitable for widespread use,which effectively eliminates medical hazards,and ensures medical safety.
长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸转录本,通过调控DNA、RNA及蛋白质的表达和功能,参与肿瘤发生、发展并发挥重要作用的RNA,近年来lncRNA成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断和预后标志物研究新的关注方向。Linc-UBC1作为一种新发现的lncRNA,在多种恶性肿瘤如肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、食管鳞癌等中异常高表达,可通过作为竞争性RNA(ceRNA)、参与信号通路等促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期进展、细胞凋亡和上皮间充质转化(EMT)等过程;高表达的linc-UBC1能够增加恶性肿瘤的耐药性,其表达水平与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和原发肿瘤远处转移呈正相关;linc-UBC1有望成为许多恶性肿瘤的新型的生物标志物、预后预测因子和治疗靶点,但其具体的调控机制仍处于研究的早期阶段,有待进一步深入研究。文章就目前linc-UBC1在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的作用研究进展进行综述。
Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a class of transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides.It isinvolved in the occurrence and development of tumors and plays an important role by regulating the expression and function of DNA,RNA and protein.In recent years,lncRNA has become a new research direction for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors.As a newly discovered lncRNA,linc-UBC1 is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer,and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.It can promote the proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle progression,cell apoptosis and EMT of tumor cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)and participating in signaling pathways.High expression of linc-UBC1 can increase the drug resistance of malignant tumors,and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of primary tumors.linc-UBC1 is expected to become a new biomarker,prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for many malignant tumors,while its specific regulatory mechanism is still in the early stage of research and needs further in-depth study.This article reviews the current research progress of linc-UBC1 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.