目的 调查消化系统恶性肿瘤患者营养风险、营养知识-态度-行为（知信行）水平的现状，探究各因素是否对患者的营养风险、营养知信行水平具有影响，并分析两者之间的相关性。方法 选取中山大学附属第八医院（深圳福田）2024年2月—10月的244例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、营养风险筛查NRS2002量表以及消化系统肿瘤患者营养知信行问卷进行调查，数据收集后进行统计分析，从而研究消化系统恶性肿瘤患者营养筛查风险与营养知信行水平的现状、影响因素及两者间的相关性。结果 69.3%的消化系统恶性肿瘤患者存在营养风险，营养风险评分为（2.72±1.42）分。消化系统恶性肿瘤患者营养知识水平得分为（12.30±5.26）分、营养态度水平得分为（14.80±2.68）分、营养行为水平得分为（22.82±4.55）分、营养知信行水平总分为（49.96±9.50）分。家庭经济收入是患者营养风险水平的核心影响因素（P＜0.05），学历水平是患者营养知信行水平的核心影响因素（P＜0.05）。消化系统恶性肿瘤患者营养风险水平与营养知信行的总体水平呈负相关（r=-0.143，P＜0.05）。结论 消化系统恶性肿瘤患者的营养知信行水平总体处于中等水平，但普遍存在营养风险较高的情况。在患者治疗期间实施个性化营养健康宣教至关重要，这将有助于提升患者的营养知识水平，从而整体性改善其营养知信行素养并降低其营养风险，但在进行营养宣教和制定个性化营养方案时应充分考虑患者的家庭经济收入及学历水平。

    Objective To explore the nutritional risk and nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior status of patients with digestive system malignant tumors，to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional risk，nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior，and explore the correlation between them．Methods From February 2024 to October 2024，244 patients with digestive system malignant tumors at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected as the research subjects．A general information questionnaire，Nutritional Risk Screening 2002，and digestive system tumor patient nutrition knowledge-attitude-behavior questionnaire were used to study the influencing factors and correlations between the nutritional screening risk and nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior in patients with digestive system malignant tumors．Results There were 69.3% of the patients with digestive system malignant tumors had nutritional risk score ≥3，and the overall score was（2.72±1.42）．The scores of nutritional knowledge，attitude，behavior and total score of digestive system malignant tumors patients were（12.30±5.26），（14.80±2.68），（22.82±4.55）and（49.96±9.50），respectively．Family economic income was the core influencing factors of nutritional risk in patients with digestive system malignant tumors，while educational level was the core influencing factor of nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior in patients with digestive system malignant tumors．The nutritional risk level of patients with malignant tumors of the digestive system was significantly negatively correlated with the overall level of nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior．Conclusions The nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior level of patients with malignant tumors of the digestive system is generally at a medium level，but there is a widespread situation of relatively high nutritional risk．It is extremely important and necessary to conduct personalized nutrition knowledge education for patients during their treatment period，which will help enhance patients’ nutritional knowledge level，thereby comprehensively improving their nutritional knowledge-attitude-behavior literacy and reducing their nutritional risks．However，when conducting nutrition education and formulating personalized nutrition plans，the patient’s family economic income，medical payment methods and educational level should be fully considered．

目的 调查护理人员对预防跌倒知识掌握的情况,以提高其对防跌倒相关知识的认知水平,减少住院患者跌倒的发生。方法 用自编住院患者跌倒相关知识掌握量表对护理人员进行问卷调查。结果 护理人员对跌倒知识的掌握正确率最高为跌倒分级64.04%、最低为跌倒后干预措施17.10%。外科护理人员对患者跌倒风险评估时机的把握为88.69%,妇儿科护理人员的正确率（71.11%）高（χ²=21.319,P=0.003）,住院患者发生跌倒后的处理正确率急诊为76.67%,高于门诊的42.67%（χ²=27.651,P<0.001）;在把握患者跌倒风险评估的时机方面工作年限<5年的护理人员为 89.81%,比工作年限>20年的护理人员（64.15%）更容易把握患者跌倒风险评估的时机（χ²=18.921,P<0.001）,工作年限11~20年的护理人员对住院患者预防跌倒的干预措施正确率为24.66%,比工作年限<5年的护理人员（11.46%）高（χ²=9.678,P=0.022）;工作年限>20年的护理人员对住院患者发生跌倒后的处理正确率为58.49%比工作年限<20年以下的护理人员（34.25%）高（χ²=12.787,P=0.005）。结论 护理人员跌倒预防相关知识掌握度总体较低,应加强对护理人员关于患者跌倒预防知识的系统培训,减少住院患者跌倒的发生。

Objective To investigate the mastery of falls prevention knowledge among nursing staffs,in order to improve their cognitive level of falls prevention related knowledge and reduce the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients．Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing staffs with a self-designed questionnaire on the mastery of falls related knowledge among hospitalized patients．Results The highest accuracy rate of nursing staffs' mastery of falls knowledge was 64.04% for falling classification,and the lowest was 17.10% for falls intervention measures．Nursing staffs' accuracy of the timing of patient fall risk assessment was 88.69% in surgery,which was higher than 71.11% in nursing staff in obstetrics,gynecology,and pediatrics（χ²=21.319,P=0.003）．The accuracy of emergency treatment for hospitalized patients after falls was 76.67%,which was higher than 42.67% in outpatient treatment（χ²=27.651,P<0.001）．The accuracy of the timing of patient fall risk assessment in nursing staffs with less than 5 years of work experience was 89.81%,which was better than nursing staff with more than 20 years of work experience（64.15%）（χ²=18.921,P<0.001）．Nursing staff with 11-20 years of work experience had a correct intervention rate for preventing falls in hospitalized patients of 24.66%,which was higher than nursing staffs with less than 5 years of work experience（11.46%）（χ²=9.678,P=0.022）．The accuracy rate of handling falls in hospitalized patients by nursing staffs with more than 20 years of work experience was 58.49%,which was higher than that of nursing staff with less than 20 years of work experience,which is 34.25%（χ²=12.787,P=0.005）．Conclusions Overall,nursing staff had a low level of falls prevention knowledge,and systematic training on patient fall prevention should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients．

目的 探讨专项调查重点科室医务人员手卫生依从性及知识知晓情况结合院感信息系统在降低医院感染中的应用效果。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年12月本院重点科室收治的患者527例,根据入院时间进行分组,对照组采取常规院感管理,观察组采取基于院感信息系统的管理方式,并对重点科室的100名医务人员手卫生依从性及相关知识知晓情况进行专项调查,比较2组医务人员手卫生依从性、手卫生知识知晓程度及医院感染率的差异。结果 观察组医务人员执行各项操作的手卫生依从性、手卫生知识评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者医院感染率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 采用专项调查重点科室医务人员手卫生依从性及知识知晓结合院感信息系统,能有效提高医务人员的手卫生依从性及相关知识知晓程度,降低医院感染的发生风险。

Objective To discuss the effect of applying special investigation on the hand hygiene compliance and knowledge of medical staff in key departments combined with nosocomial infection information system in reducing nosocomial infections. Methods A total of 527 patients admitted to the key departments from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected, and were grouped according to the time of admission.The control group received routine nosocomial infection management, and the observation group received the management based on nosocomial infection information system.A special survey of hand hygiene compliance and related knowledge was carried out on 100 medical staff in those department, and the differences in hand hygiene compliance, hand hygiene knowledge and nosocomial infection rates between the two groups were compared. Results The hand hygiene compliance and hand hygiene knowledge scores of the medical staff in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The infection rate of observation patients was lower than control patients (P<0.05). Conclusions The use of special survey on hand hygiene compliance and knowledge of medical staff in key departments combined with nosocomial infection information systems can effectively improve medical staff's hand hygiene compliance and related knowledge, reduce the risk of nosocomial infections, which is worthy of promotion.

目的 从社会组织网络嵌入性的角度,探讨公立医院医务人员工作内外匹配（包括组织匹配和区域匹配）在人际信任与隐性医学知识共享行为之间的中介效应,完善公立医院医务人员隐性医学知识共享机制的研究。方法 采用问卷调查方式对公立医院医务人员进行调查,运用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析,采用AMOS 22.0建立公立医院医务人员工作内外匹配在人际信任与隐性医学知识共享行为之间的中介效应回归方程。结果 公立医院医务人员人际信任与隐性医学知识共享行为之间有显著的正相关关系,标准化回归系数为0.446（P <0.001）。加入工作内外匹配变量后,公立医务人员人际信任对隐性医学知识共享行为的标准化回归系数由0.446（P <0.001）降到0.189（P<0.01）。结论 公立医务人员人际信任正向预测隐性医学知识共享行为;组织匹配、区域匹配在公立医务人员人际信任与隐性医学知识共享行为之间具有部分中介效应。

Objective To explore a new path of interpersonal trust impact on knowledge sharing behavior-being from the perspective of job embeddedness．Methods Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the medical staff in public hospitals．SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data．AMOS 22.0 was used to establish the regression equation of intermediary effect between interpersonal trust and tacit medical knowledge sharing behavior of medical staff in public hospitals．Results There was a significant positive correlation between interpersonal trust and tacit medical knowledge sharing behavior．The standardized regression coefficient was 0.446（P <0.001）．When added the fitting to organization and community,the standardized regression coefficient decreased from 0.446（P <0.001）to 0.189（P <0.01）．Conclusions The interpersonal trust of public medical staffs positively predicts the tacit medical knowledge sharing behavior．Organizational matching and regional matching have partial mediating effect between interpersonal trust and tacit medical knowledge sharing behavior of public medical staff.

目的 调查非重症监护室护士对住院卧床老年患者肺康复的知信行现状,探讨其影响因素。方法 采用自行设计的卧床老年患者肺康复知信行现状调查问卷,对广州市第一人民医院的555 名非重症监护室护理人员进行调查。结果 共回收有效问卷513份。调查对象肺康复知信行总分为（76.01±12.27）分,知识维度、态度维度、行为维度得分分别为（14.09±3.25）、（21.89±3.38）、（40.03±9.87）分。多元回归分析显示,主要影响护士对住院老年卧床患者实施肺康复知信行的因素为护龄、是否参加过肺康复相关培训及科室是否已开展肺康复（P<0.05）。结论 非重症监护室护士对卧床老年患者肺康复的态度积极,行为良好,但知识有待提升。建议开展卧床老年人相关肺康复培训,激励护士主动学习肺康复新理念的积极性和主动性,强化理论联系临床实践,从而提高临床护理质量。

Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice of non-intensive care unit（ICU）nurses about pulmonary rehabilitation of hospitalized bedridden elderly patients,and to explore the influencing factors．Methods A self-designed questionnaire on the status of knowledge,attitude and practice about pulmonary rehabilitation of bedridden elderly patients was used to investigate 555 non-ICU nurses in our hospital．Results A total of 513 valid questionnaires were collected．The total score of pulmonary rehabilitation was（76.01±12.27）,and the scores of knowledge,attitude and practice were（14.09±3.25）,（21.89±3.38）and（40.03±9.87）,respectively．Multiple regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting nurses' knowledge,attitude and practice in implementing pulmonary rehabilitation for hospitalized elderly bedridden patients were nursing age,whether they had participated in training related to pulmonary rehabilitation and whether pulmonary rehabilitation had been carried out in the unit（P<0.05）．Conclusions Non-ICU nurses have positive attitudes and good practice toward pulmonary rehabilitation for bedridden elderly patients,but their knowledge needs to be improved．It is recommended that training on pulmonary rehabilitation for the bedridden elderly be carried out to motivate nurses to learn new concepts of pulmonary rehabilitation,strengthen the link between theory and clinical practice,and improve the quality of clinical care．

目的 了解越秀区助产机构医务人员对艾滋病母婴阻断知识及患者相关权益知识掌握情况,为更好地贯彻落实消除艾滋病母婴传播工作提供下一步工作策略和措施依据。方法 于2022年7月—8月,对广州市越秀区5家助产机构妇产科、保健科和医务科的医务人员进行艾滋病母婴阻断知识政策及HIV感染孕产妇相关权益知识的问卷调查。结果 465名医务人员对个别艾滋病母婴阻断政策了解不足,包括“人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染孕产妇到定点医疗机构终止妊娠或住院分娩时可以获得一定的减免”（知晓率79.78%）、“HIV感染孕产妇的宝宝可以免费领取一定数量的奶粉”（知晓率66.88%）;医务人员对HIV感染孕产妇的生育相关权益认识严重不足,对HIV感染孕产妇生育权益认识正确的仅有45.59%。临床护士群体对上述艾滋病母婴阻断政策及HIV感染孕产妇相关权益的知晓率低于临床医生及其他医务人员,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 越秀区助产机构医务人员对艾滋病母婴阻断知识有一定的了解,但掌握不够完整、全面,对HIV感染患者的生育权认识严重不足,应进一步加强对助产机构医务人员、尤其是护士群体关于艾滋病母婴阻断政策知识及患者相关权益的培训,以更好地贯彻落实消除艾滋病母婴传播工作,保障HIV感染患者的权益。

Objective To understand the knowledge of medical staff of midwifery institutions in Yuexiu District about AIDS prevention of mother-to-children transmission（PMTCT）and patients' rights and interests,in order to provide the basis for the following work strategy and measures for better implementation of the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV．Methods From July to August in 2022,a questionnaire survey about knowledge and policies of AIDS PMTCT and rights of HIV infected pregnant women was conducted among the medical staff of obstetrics and gynecology department,health care department and medical department in five midwifery institutions in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City．Results A total of 465 medical workers had insufficient understanding of some policies on PMTCT of AIDS,including HIV-infected pregnant women can obtain certain fee waiver when they go to designated medical institutions to terminate pregnancy or hospitalized deliver（awareness rate of 79.78%）,HIV-infected pregnant women's babies can receive a certain amount of free milk powder（awareness rate of 66.88%）．There was a serious lack of awareness of reproductive rights of HIV-infected pregnant women among medical staff,and only 45.59% of them had correct understanding．The awareness rate of the PMTCT and the rights and interests of HIV-infected pregnant women among clinical nurses was significantly lower than that among clinicians and other medical staff．Conclusions The medical staff of midwifery institutions in Yuexiu District have some knowledge about the PMTCT of AIDS,but their knowledge is not complete and comprehensive,and their understanding of the reproductive rights of HIV-infected patients is seriously inadequate,so it is necessary to further strengthen the training of medical staff in midwifery institutions,especially nurses,on the policy knowledge of PMTCT of AIDS and the related rights and interests of patients,in order to better implement the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS and protect the rights and interests of infected patients．

目的 调查临床护士对新型冠状病毒肺炎的知信行现状,为制定相关培训策略提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,2020年3月选取我院的1 007名临床护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料及临床护士对新型冠状病毒肺炎知信行问卷对其进行调查。结果 1 007名临床护士对新型冠状病毒肺炎的知识、态度、行为得分分别为(28.82±9.22)分、(52.04±5.52)分、(55.38±7.93)分,新型冠状病毒肺炎知信行总分为(136.24±14.52)分。不同年龄、职称、职务、工作年限、何时参加过穿脱防护服操作培训及考核新型冠状病毒肺炎知识得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);工作年限、何时参加过穿脱防护服操作培训及考核,其新型冠状病毒肺炎态度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);是否参加过穿脱防护服操作的培训及考核、何时参加过穿脱防护服操作培训及考核、是否参加过咽拭子采集的培训及考核的新型冠状病毒肺炎行为得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 临床护士对新型冠状病毒肺炎的知识得分处于较低水平,态度和行为得分较好,建议护理管理者需加强临床护士对新型冠状病毒肺炎的知识学习及相关培训,以提高护士知识及技能水平。

Objective To investigate the current status of nurses' knowledge, attitude and behavior to new coronavirus pneumonia, to provide the basis for formulating relevant training strategies. Methods In March 2020, 1 007 clinical nurses in our hospital were selected as the research object. The general information and questionnaire about the new coronavirus pneumonia were investigated in these nurses. Results Scores of 1 007 nurses answered the knowledge, attitude and behavior to new coronavirus pneumonia were(28.82±9.22),(52.04±5.52), and(55.38±7.93), respectively. The total score of knowledge, attitude, and behavior to the new coronavirus pneumonia was(136.24±14.52). The differences of scores of knowledge about new coronavirus pneumonia between different ages, job titles, duties, working years, and when they participated in the training and evaluation of wearing and taking off protective clothing were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the attitude scores of the new coronavirus pneumonia between different working years and when they participated in training and evaluation of wearing protective clothing (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the behavior scores to new coronavirus pneumonia between whether and when they have participated in the training and evaluation of wearing and taking off protective clothing, and whether they had participated in the training and evaluation of pharyngeal swab collection (P<0.05). Conclusion Nurses' knowledge scores for new coronavirus pneumonia are at a low level, but their attitude and behavior scores are higher. It is recommended that new coronavirus pneumonia knowledge and related training should be strengthened for nurses to improve nurses' knowledge and skills.

目的 了解早产儿母亲群体的知识需求和情感特征,为延续性护理提供证据支持。方法 创建早产儿妈妈群,群成员共43人,通过整理并计量分析2018年9月—2019年1月的该微信群群聊记录,对群聊记录进行主题分类,归纳出对话频次最多及参与人数过半的聊天主题,并统计分析不同孕妇情况不同早产儿情况下早产儿母亲的关注内容。结果 早产儿母亲对早产儿照护相关知识需求较大,尤其在早产儿生长发育管理及疾病管理知识方面。此外,不同家庭月均收入水平、不同文化程度、不同分娩孕周、新生儿出生体质量不同、新生儿住院天数不同,其对话主题明显不同,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 延续性护理工作中应加强早产儿照护相关知识宣教,根据孕妇和早产儿情况给予更加针对性的指导,同时不能忽视早产儿母亲的心身需求。此外,对群聊记录进行资料分析的方法可靠,建议在未来的研究中应用。

Objective To investigate the knowledge needs and psychological characters of the mothers of premature infants, providing the basis for continuous nursing. Methods WeChat group of mothers of premature infants was established and 43 group members were included. Chatting records of the WeChat group from September 2018 to January 2019 were extracted and classified into relevant topics. The topics with the most conversations or more than half of the participants and the topic related to the psychological experiences of mothers of premature infants were further analyzed. Results Mothers of premature infants had a large knowledge need for the care for premature infants, especially the knowledge about the growth and development management of premature infants and disease management of premature infants. Moreover, some mothers of premature infants had negative psychological feelings. Mothers with different family monthly income, educational levels, pregnancy duration, different weight and hospitalization cycles of their infants, had different chatting topics, which differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In continuous nursing for mothers of premature infants, education on the care for premature infants should be strengthened and comprehensive measures of mental health should be undertaken. Additionally, the method of analyzing chatting records seems reliable and can be applied in future studies.

目的 探究甲状腺癌患者对健康知识了解详情和需求,同时提出合理健康教育方案。方法 随机抽取本院2017年11月—2019年5月期间收治的122例甲状腺癌患者为研究对象,通过本院自制的调查问卷对其进行调查,分析和掌握患者对健康知识了解详情和具体需求,同时根据其特点提出合理的健康宣教方式。结果 患者对疾病和生活习惯的联系、定期入院复诊的重要性、临床治疗对疾病的控制详情、具体治疗方案和疗效、疾病临床特征以及疾病详细信息等甲状腺癌相关知识不了解率分别为50.00%、51.64%、72.95%、74.59%、77.87%、8.19%;健康教育内容需求评分较高,需求占比全部高于40%;患者对不同的健康教育形式有着不同的需求,其中需求最高的为护患会议交流,占比98.36%,其次为微信科普知识,占比96.72%,之后依次为播放视频和音频(94.26%)、创建专题讲座(93.44%)、个体指导(91.80%)、电话随访(83.60%)、相同疾病患者经验介绍(80.32%)、宣传栏和宣传册(63.90%)。结论 甲状腺癌患者对健康知识了解较少且需求较大,因此可对患者采取多元化健康知识教育方案,满足不同患者的需求,进而增加患者对疾病的重视程度,有利于患者树立治疗信心、提升其生活质量。

Objective To explore the health knowledge of thyroid cancer patients to understand the details and needs, and put forward a reasonable health education program. Methods 122 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to our hospital from November 2017 to May 2019 were randomly selected as the research objects. Through the questionnaire made by our hospital, we investigated the patients, analyzed and mastered the patients' understanding details and specific needs of health knowledge, and proposed reasonable health education methods according to their characteristics. Results The rates of patients' ignorance about thyroid cancer related knowledge, such as the relationship between disease and lifestyle, the importance of regular admission to hospital, the control details of the disease in clinical treatment, the specific treatment plan and effect, the clinical characteristics of the disease and the detailed information of the disease, were 50.00%, 51.64%, 72.95%, 74.59%, 77.87% and 8.19%, respectively. The score of demand for health education content was high, accounting for more than 40% of the total demand.Patients with different forms of health education had different needs, one of the highest requirements for meeting communication, nurses and patients accounted for 98.36%, followed by WeChat popular science knowledge, accounted for 96.72%, followed by after playing video and audio (94.26%), creating a seminar (93.44%), individual guidance (91.80%), telephone follow-up (83.60%), experience introduction (80.32%),patients with the same disease, publicity column and brochure (63.90%). Conclusion Patients with thyroid cancer have less knowledge of health knowledge and need more health knowledge. Therefore, we may take diversified health knowledge education programs to meet the needs of different patients, and then increase the attention of patients to the disease, which is conducive to the patients to establish treatment confidence and improve their quality of life.

目的 探讨实习前护理知识技能评价与实习教学目标相结合的临床护理实习培训效果。方法 选择2018年在我科实习的护理本科实习生40名为对照组,采取传统的带班实习带教方法进行临床带教;2019年在我科实习的40名护理本科实习生为实验组,对实习生在实习前进行护理知识和护理操作能力评估,根据实习生专业知识与护理技术的评估结果,结合实习教学目标进行针对性的临床带教;实习结束对两组同学掌握的护理理论知识、护理操作技术、服务满意度进行评价。结果 实验组掌握的护理知识、护理操作技术得分均高于对照组,两组结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);服务满意度评价实验组高于对照组,两组结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论 开展实习前护理专业能力评价与教学目标相结合的护理临床实习培训模式管理,有助于带教老师掌握实习生存在的护理知识缺乏和护理技术薄弱问题,利于带教老师制定合理的实习带教计划和带教重点,提高学生临床实习效果和老师的带教质量。

Objective To explore the effect of clinical nursing practice training combined with the evaluation of nursing knowledge and skills and teaching objectives before practice. Methods 40 nursing undergraduates who practiced in our department in 2018 were selected as the control group, and the traditional method of clinical teaching was adopted; 40 nursing undergraduates who practiced in 2019 were selected as the experimental group to evaluate the nursing knowledge and nursing operation ability of the interns before the practice, according to the evaluation results of professional knowledge and nursing technology of the interns, combined with the practice teaching at the end of the internship. The students in the two groups were evaluated on their theoretical knowledge, nursing operation technology and service satisfaction. Results The scores of nursing knowledge and nursing operation technology in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the results of the two groups were statistically significance (P<0.001); the evaluation of service satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the results of the two groups were statistically significance (P<0.05); Conclusion To carry out the management of nursing clinical practice training mode combining the evaluation of nursing professional ability with teaching objectives before practice is helpful for the teachers to find out problems of lack of nursing knowledge and weak nursing technology existing in the interns. It helps the teachers to formulate reasonable practice teaching plan and key points, and improves the effect of students' clinical practice and the quality of teaching.