目的 探讨传统支气管针吸活检 (cTBNA )与超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)对于肺部疾病伴有肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大患者的诊断价值。方法 2012 年8月—2014年6月对在我院行CT检查提示肺部伴有肺门和/或纵膈淋巴结病变的患者38例, 分别利用cTBNA或EBUS-TBNA检查对肿大的淋巴结行TBNA,对所获得的标本进行相应的细胞学检查。结果 38例病例均经组织病理学诊断后确诊,并经过6个月的随访,其中cTBNA组(n=19)经组织病理明确诊断的包括:1例结核,5例小细胞肺癌,6例腺癌,3例鳞癌,1例大细胞癌,3例慢性炎症,cTBNA细胞学诊断阳性诊断率为63.16%(12/19),cTBNA组细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为66.67％(10/15),特异度为100％。EBUS-TBNA组(n=19)组织病理学诊断明确的1例为肺结核,1例为纵隔恶性肿瘤,1例为结节病,1例大细胞癌,1例小细胞癌,7例腺癌,5例鳞癌,2例为慢性炎症,EBUS-TBNA细胞学阳性诊断率为78.94%(15/19)。两种方法在诊断肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大的疾病中有差异(P<0.05)。EBUS-TBNA组细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为86.67％(13/15),特异度为100％。结论 EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查对肺部疾病伴有肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大的诊断率较cTBNA高,可明显提高检查阳性率,具有重要临床意义。

Objective To evaluate the value of clinical application between cTBNA and EBUS-TBNA in diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Methods Between August 2012 and June 2014, 38 in-patients with mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes took conventional transbronchial needle aspiration( cTBNA,n=19) or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA, n=19), and we were comparing the diagnostic results of two methods. Results 19 patients in the cTBNA group were diagnosed by forceps biopsy,including 1 case of lung cancer and 162 cases of tuberculosis, 5 cases of small cell lung cancer, 6 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case of large cell carcinoma, 3 cases of chronic inflammation, a cytological diagnosis of TBNA positive in 12 cases (63.16%). In the EBUS-TBNA group (n=19), the patients were diagnosed by accepting forceps biopsy, 1 case of tuberculosis, 1 case of mediastinal malignant tumor, 1 cases of sarcoidosis, 1 cases of large cell carcinoma, 1 case of small cell carcinoma, 7 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of chronic inflammation, EBUS-TBNA cytology positive rate of diagnosis was 14 (73.68%). Two techniques in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes have statistically significant(P<0.05). The sensitinty of cytology in the diagnosis of lung caner was 86.67%(13/15),and the specificity was 100%(EBUS-TBNA). Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is an effective tool in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and superior to cTBNA.

目的 研究血浆脂蛋白磷脂酶 A2(Lp-PLA2)在防治急性动脉硬化性脑梗死中的临床价值。方法 选取2014年1月—2015年12月在我院经头颅MRI+MRA及脑血管造影确诊为急性动脉硬化性脑梗死患者80例为病例组,选取同期来我院例行体检头MRI+MRA 正常的健康自愿者40名为对照组。病例组采取脑梗死规范治疗及肢体功能康复锻炼,以酶联免疫法分不同时段测定两组患者血浆Lp-PLA2的浓度,以及评价病例组神经功能缺损程度,经数据分析研究脑梗死患者血浆Lp-PLA2浓度与神经功能缺损程度相关性。结果 急性动脉硬化性脑梗死患者血浆 Lp-PLA2浓度高于健康对照组患者,经统计学分析,P<0.05,并且随着脑梗死时间的推移,Lp-PLA2浓度愈低。NIHSS评分显示,随着脑梗死时间推移,NIHSS评分越来越低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对比同时期NIHSS评分和患者 Lp-PLA2浓度,NIHSS与Lp-PLA2浓度呈正相关(r=2.376,P<0.01)。结论 血浆Lp-PLA2 浓度升高是脑梗死的危险因素之一,降低血浆 Lp-PLA2 浓度可在脑梗死的早期预防上起到积极作用。

Objective To explore clinical value of plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in controlling acute atherosclerosis cerebral infarction. Methods 80 cases of acute atherosclerosis patients diagnosed by head MRI+MRA were selected as cases group, and 40 as normal controls. Cases treated with cerebral infarction specification therapy and lib function rehabilitation exercise. Using enzyme-linked immunoassay points at different times of measuring the concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in both groups, evaluating nerve function defect degree of cases, then analysis the correlation of cerebral infarction plasma concentration of Lp-PLA2 and neural function defect degree. Results Acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction patients plasma concentration of Lp-PLA2 patients was significantly higher than healthy control group, by statistics analysis P<0.05, and with cerebral infarction time went by, the Lp-PLA2 concentration was lower. NIHSS score, with the time of cerebral infarction passed, was lower and lower, the change was statistically significant P<0.05.Compared with NIHSS score and concentration of Lp-PLA2, NIHSS and Lp- PLA2 concentration were positively correlated, r=2.376,P<0.01. Conclusion Plasma Lp-PLA2 is a risk factor for cerebral infarction. Reducing plasma concentration of Lp-PLA2 can play a positive role on the early prevention of cerebral infarction.

目的 分析影响接受夫精宫腔内人工授精(IUI)助孕患者临床妊娠率的有关因素。方法 选择225例接受IUI助孕共400周期的不孕症患者,回顾分析女方年龄、治疗方案、hCG日子宫内膜厚度、IUI周期数与临床妊娠率的关系。结果 女方年龄>38岁的临床妊娠率(8.22%)低于年龄<30岁(21.74%)和30~38岁(17.48%),P<0.05;促排卵方案(CC、HMG、CC+HMG)临床妊娠率分别为19.05%、19.66%和14.71%,高于自然周期的临床妊娠率7.14%,P<0.05;hCG日子宫内膜厚度≥8 mm组的临床妊娠率(23.56%)高于内膜<8 mm组的临床妊娠率(13.27%),P<0.05;第1至第5周期的IUI临床妊娠率分别为21.30%、15.60%、9.38%、0%和0%,多次重复IUI周期数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 女方年龄、hCG日子宫内膜厚度、治疗方案均会影响IUI的临床妊娠率,但增加IUI的治疗周期数并不能提高临床妊娠率,应综合各种因素再次评估患者的妊娠率,必要时进一步查找多次助孕失败的原因或改行IVF-ET助孕治疗。

Objective To analyze the relative factors which influence the clinical pregnancy rates of patients accepted intrauterine insemination with husband's sperm. Methods 225 cases of infertile patients accepted IUI treatment were selected, 400 cycles were included and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Observing the relationship between the age of women, treatment options, endometrial thickness on hCG injection day, cycles of IUI and pregnancy rates. Results The clinical pregnancy rates of women less than 30 years old(21.74%) were higher than aged between 30 to 38 years old(17.48%) and more than aged 38 years old(8.22%), P<0.05.The clinical pregnancy rates of ovulation induction options(CC、HMG、CC+HMG) were 19.05%, 19.66% and 14.71%, higher than the pregnancy rates of natural cycle 7.14% significantly, P<0.05. The pregnancy rates of the group of endometrial thickness ≥8mm on hCG injection day were 23.56%, higher than the group of endometrial thickness <8 mm 13.27%, P<0.05. The clinical pregnancy rates of 1 to 5 cycles IUI were 21.30%, 15.60%, 9.38%, 0% and 0% respectively, the difference of repeating the IUI cycles’ number was statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The ages of women, endometrial thickness on hCG injection days and treatment options can affect the clinical pregnancy rates. Extending the number of IUI treatment cycles can not increase the pregnancy rates of IUI. All the factors should be comprehensive to assess the patient's pregnancy rates again, to find more reasons further for the failure of assisted reproduction or turn to IVF-ET assisted reproduction treatment when it is necessary.

目的 利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱系统(VITEK-MS)对体液培养阳性瓶进行直接鉴定,探索快速诊断临床致病菌的新策略。方法 收集体液培养阳性瓶,不经琼脂平板培养,直接利用VITEK-MS进行鉴定,并与传统生化鉴定的方法进行比较分析。结果 50例体液培养阳性瓶中,传统细菌鉴定法检出47株阳性菌,3例阴性;而VITEK-MS直接鉴定法检出31株阳性菌,同样3例阴性。VITEK-MS直接鉴定法灵敏度达65.96%,特异度为100%,临床符合率为68%。鉴定时间从24小时缩短到2小时。结论 利用VITEK-MS质谱系统直接鉴定体液培养阳性标本中的病原菌,能有效缩短细菌鉴定时间,准确快速地诊断临床致病菌。

Objective To find a fast method for detection of pathogens in positive culture bottles by using the VITEK-MS system. Methods VITEK-MS microbial identification system was used to directly identify the bacteria in the positive culture bottles, without culture on agar plates. The identification results were further compared with those by the traditional biochemical identification. Results Forty-seven bacterial strains were identified by traditional biochemical methods among 50 positive culture bottles, and 3 of them were negative. Of these 50 samples, thirty-one bacterial strains were identified by VITEK-MS and 3 were also negative. The sensitivity and specificity for direct VITEK-MS identification were 65.96% and 100%, and the clinical coincidence rate was 68%. The turn around time for identification was reduced from 24 to 2 hours. Conclusion Direct identification of bacterial pathogens in positive culture bottles by VITEK-MS could reduce turn around time, and lead to accurate and fast diagnosis.

目的 探讨自噬激活剂和自噬抑制剂分别对鼻咽癌细胞CNE2放疗敏感性的影响。方法 利用RNA干扰技术使atg5基因沉默,构建自噬抑制细胞模型后,与雷帕霉素、氯喹分别处理的两组细胞一起,每天以X射线5Gy照射细胞,连续8天观察各组细胞的生长状况,并设置对照组。以MTT法及克隆集落形成法检测其细胞活力,用流式细胞仪分析其细胞周期。结果 与对照组相比,其他三组细胞存活率、克隆形成率、照射后存活率均显著降低(P<0.05);细胞周期检测除对照组外其他三组细胞集中在G0/G1期,其他两个时期比G0/G1期相对较少。结论 自噬抑制剂与激活剂和atg5沉默均能为CNE2放疗增敏,然而自噬激活剂的增敏效果好于其他,为增敏放疗提供实验依据,开辟新的放疗增敏途径。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the autophagy activators and inhibitors effects in nasopharyngeal CNE2 cells radiotherapy sensitization. Methods Atg5 gene silencing by RNA interference technology, two groups of cell autophagy inhibition were built by rapamycin and chloroquine respectively. Then 5Gy x-ray irradiation of cells was taken every day, after 8 days in a row in each group of cell growth and setting a control group. The cell viability was clonaled colony formation by MTT method assay and cell cycle by flow cytometry analysis. Results The three cell group survival rate, colony-forming rate and survival after irradiation were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control group. Detection of cell cycle in addition to control three other groups concentrated in the G0/G1 period.That of two other periods was relatively fewer than that of the G0/G1 period. Conclusion Autophagy inhibitors, activators and atg5 silence improved the radio-sensitization to CNE2. The autophagy activator group improving the sensitivity was better than the others.This study provided evidence to sensitive radiotherapy, explored a new promising radiosensitization ways.

目的 探讨运用目标管理法优化妇科病人的临床护理路径的应用效果。方法 采用历史对照研究,以腹腔镜子宫切除术病人作为研究对象,将2014年1月—2014年12月采用临床护理路径的98例病人作为对照组;2015年1月—2015年12月运用目标管理法优化临床护理路径的105例病人作为研究组,比较两组护理缺陷发生情况、病人满意度、住院时间和住院费用。结果 研究组健康知识知晓水平高于对照组,术后首次功能锻炼时间短于对照组(P＜0.05)。研究组护理缺陷发生率为3.81%,对照组发生率为14.29%(P＜0.05)。研究组对健康教育和基础护理满意度高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 目标管理法优化的临床护理路径可使各项操作更加规范细化,提高工作质量,减少护理缺陷,护理质量有一定程度的提高,同时对病人满意度的提高有积极的促进作用。

目的 分析我院药品不良反应的相关资料,促进临床合理用药。方法 采用回顾性分析,对我院180例不良反应报告,按照患者的年龄、性别、给药途径、引起不良反应的药品种类、累及器官或者具体临床表现等进行分析。结果 180例不良反应报告中,涉及8大类药品,静脉给药较其他给予途径更容易发生不良反应(81.6%),抗感染药物引起不良反应率最高(44.5%),药品不良反应主要涉及皮肤及其附件最高(41.6%),女性比男性更容易引起不良反应,30~50岁的人群特别是女性发生不良反应率明显高于其他年龄段。结论 临床必需重视合理用药监测,积极上报不良反应报告,降低不良反应发生率。

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者并发感染的影响因素并提出相应对策。方法 统计2012年1月—2015年12月在风湿免疫科住院的SLE患者,依据是否存在感染分为两组:感染组和非感染组。查电子病历记录感染组患者感染部位、所感染病原体的种类、免疫抑制治疗方案、病程、住院次数、血液生化指标、红细胞沉降率、肝肾功能以及补体C3、C4 水平,分析SLE患者发生感染的危险因素。结果 近三年风湿免疫内科共收治SLE患者302例,合并感染44例,发生感染63例次,感染发生率7.32%,高于全院感染发生率2.82%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。呼吸系统感染有43例次,占68.25%,是患者最常见的感染部位。单因素分析显示,激素的冲击治疗、血红蛋白降低、白蛋白降低和血清肌酐水平异常(P<0.01)及ESR异常(P<0.05)是医院感染的危险因素。结论 SLE患者感染发生率高,免疫抑制剂冲击治疗、有合并症患者更易发生感染。应合理使用免疫抑制剂,密切留意患者感染症状,并定期检测血红蛋白、白蛋白及ESR等各项实验室指标,及时发现感染并进行病原学培养,做到尽早、合理治疗。

目的 探讨两种不同治疗方案治疗老年糖尿病合并初治涂阳肺结核患者的临床疗效。方法 将85例老年糖尿病合并初治涂阳肺结核患者分为每日疗法组(n=43)和间歇疗法组(n=42)。比较两组2、3、6个月及疗程结束痰菌转阴率、胸片吸收情况、并发症发生率。结果 两组治疗2个月痰菌转阴率每日疗程组高于间歇疗法组,但两组间无差异,但5、6个月末及疗程结束转阴率每日疗法均高于间歇疗法(P<0.05);治疗后每日疗程组病灶总吸收率(97.62%)高于间歇疗法组(79.07%),且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗过程中两组出现不良反应情况相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 使用每日疗法并适当延长强化期及巩固期疗程治疗老年糖尿病合并初治涂阳肺结核的痰菌转阴率及病灶吸收率均优于间歇疗法,且安全性两者无差异,值得临床借鉴。

目的 观察43岁以上女性放置左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)的疗效及放置后的转归,初探LNG-IUS在围绝经期使用的诊疗规范。方法 对在我院接受LNG-IUS放置术、年龄43岁以上的女性298例进行追踪回访,成功回访266例,对收集的有关LNG-IUS的效果及转归方面的数据进行总结。结果 在266例随访对象中,>91%为治疗性放环,占绝大多数,不足9%单纯用于避孕。不管放环的指征是哪一类,有93.75%～100%的女性在放置后出现月经量明显减少甚至闭经,仅6.25%子宫腺肌症、5.88%子宫内膜异常患者无月经量改变甚至经量增多。结论 LNG-IUS治疗围绝经期功能性子宫出血的效果显著,治疗失败率及因各种原因取环的比例在子宫腺肌症及子宫内膜异常患者中较高。而LNG-IUS脱落率在内分泌因素及子宫腺肌症中较高。提示这几类患者放置LNG-IUS前需充分知情告知。