本文概述了传统日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后早期康复质量存在的问题,IMB模型通过向患者提供科学的疾病知识,改变其疾病认知与态度,最终促使其采纳并维持健康行为。本文还介绍了IMB模型在日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者早期康复质量中应用涉及的相关概念、研究背景和国内外的研究现状以及未来发展趋势与挑战。研究结果显示,IMB模型可显著降低患者术后疼痛发生率,并提高患者参与治疗决策的程度,为后期关于IMB模型在日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后早期康复质量的相关研究提供借鉴与参考,以便后期实施相关个性化干预措施,并提供相关理论依据。
This paper summarizes the problems existing in the early postoperative rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing traditional ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The IMB model changes patients’ disease cognition and attitude by providing them with scientific disease knowledge,and ultimately promotes their adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviors.It also introduces the relevant concepts involved in the application of the IMB model in the early postoperative rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy,the research background of this study,the current research status at home and abroad,as well as the future development trends and challenges.The research results show that the IMB model can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative severe pain in patients and the degree of patient participation in treatment decision-making.This provides reference and guidance for subsequent studies on the early rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the IMB model,so as to implement relevant personalized intervention measures in the future and provide relevant theoretical basis.
目的 探讨术前静注艾司氯胺酮在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法 前瞻性分析2024年1月—2025年4月在厦门市中医院行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,根据随机数字表法将患者分为两组:对照组40例,术前5 min予5 mL生理盐水;观察组40例,术前5 min予以0.25 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮(以生理盐水配置成5 mL)。比较围术期指标、炎症因子、负性情绪、疼痛情况、不良反应。结果 观察组的手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量分别为(213.54±64.22)min、(240.67±81.26)min、(141.31±45.03)mL,与对照组的(210.43±65.71)min、(244.25±81.33)min、(137.64±42.75)mL比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.214、0.197、0.374,P均>0.05),而观察组丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量分别为(1 075.52±134.37)mg、(1 267.18±242.26)μg,虽然低于对照组的(1?126.64±150.21)mg、(1 352.50±295.14)μg,但差异也无统计学意义(t=1.604、1.413,P均>0.05);观察组在术后24 h的肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-6、C反应蛋白水平分别为(54.52±9.64)pg/mL、(40.08±7.75)pg/mL、(30.38±6.93)mg/L,均低于对照组的(77.31±10.86)pg/mL、(56.35±9.47)pg/mL、(43.73±7.61)mg/L(t=9.926、8.409、8.203,P均<0.05);术后1 d的焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分及术后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h咳嗽时的疼痛视觉模拟量表评分分别为(51.92±4.41)分、(53.96±4.47)分、(3.59±1.14)分、(3.06±1.01)分、(2.89±0.91)分、(2.57±0.76)分,均低于对照组的(55.06±5.12)分、(57.21±5.19)分、(4.27±1.36)分、(3.68±1.18)分、(3.41±1.06)分、(2.96±0.92)分(t=2.939、3.001、2.423、2.525、2.329、2.067,P均<0.05),但两组术后48 h咳嗽时疼痛视觉模拟量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后不良反应发生率也无显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术术前静注艾司氯胺酮可有效降低术后炎症反应水平,减轻术后疼痛,缓解术后负性情绪,且不会增加患者术后不良反应发生率。
Objective To explore the application effect of preoperative intravenous injection of esketamine in patients undergoing laproscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of patient who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2024 to April 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to the random number table method:40 cases in the control group were given 5 mL saline,five minutes before operation,40 cases in the observation group were treated with 0.25 mg / kg esketamine(in 5 mL saline)five minutes before operation.The perioperative indicators,inflammatory factors,negative emotions,pain and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The operation time,anesthesia time and intraoperative blood loss of the observation group were(213.54±64.22)min,(240.67±81.26)min and(141.31±45.03)mL,respectively,which were not significantly different from those of the control group(210.43±65.71)min,(244.25±81.33)min and(137.64±42.75)mL(t=0.214,0.197,0.374,all P>0.05).The dosage of propofol and remifentanil in the observation group were(1 075.52±134.37)mg and(1 267.18±242.26)μg,respectively,which were lower than those in the control group of (1126.64±150.21)mg and(1352.50±295.14)μg,but the difference was not statistically significant(t=1.604,1.413,P>0.05).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in the observation group at 24 h after operation were(54.52±9.64)pg / mL,(40.08±7.75)pg / mL and(30.38±6.93)mg / L,respectively,which were lower than those in the control group of (77.31±10.86)pg / ml,(56.35±9.47)pg / mL and 43.73±7.61)mg / L(t=9.926,8.409,8.203,all P<0.05).The scores of Anxiety and Depression Self-Rating Scale at 1 day after operation and the scores of pain visual analogue scale at 1 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after operation were(51.92±4.41),(53.96±4.47),(3.59±1.14),(3.06±1.01),(2.89±0.91) and(2.57±0.76),respectively,which were lower than those of the control group(55.06±5.12),(57.21±5.19),(4.27±1.36),(3.68±1.18),(3.41±1.06) and(2.96±0.92)(t=2.939,3.001,2.423,2.525,2.329,2.067,P<0.05).However,no significant difference was observed in cough-related VAS scores between the groups at 48 h postoperatively(P>0.05).Adverse event rates showed no significance in two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Preoperative administration of esketamine in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery can attenuate postoperative inflammation,decrease pain,mitigate negative emotions,without increasing the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.
探讨改良拔尿管方法在妇科腹腔镜术后留置尿管患者临床的影响。方法 选取2025年2月7日—2025年10 月10日我院妇科腹腔镜手术术后留置尿管患者60例为研究对象。本研究采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为对照组与观察组,两组各纳入30例。比较两组首次拔管尿路疼痛评价、首次排尿时间、患者尿潴留例数。结果 观察组首次拔尿管尿路疼痛程度显著低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组首次排尿时间显著少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察两组尿潴留发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本次研究采用改良后的尿管拔除方法,虽未明显降低妇科腹腔镜术后患者的尿潴留发生率,但能有效降低拔尿管时患者的不适感 ,减少尿道损伤,缓解疼痛,加快患者自主排尿,具有积极临床实践意义。
探讨改良拔尿管方法在妇科腹腔镜术后留置尿管患者临床的影响。方法 选取2025年2月7日—2025年10 月10日我院妇科腹腔镜手术术后留置尿管患者60例为研究对象。本研究采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为对照组与观察组,两组各纳入30例。比较两组首次拔管尿路疼痛评价、首次排尿时间、患者尿潴留例数。结果 观察组首次拔尿管尿路疼痛程度显著低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组首次排尿时间显著少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察两组尿潴留发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本次研究采用改良后的尿管拔除方法,虽未明显降低妇科腹腔镜术后患者的尿潴留发生率,但能有效降低拔尿管时患者的不适感 ,减少尿道损伤,缓解疼痛,加快患者自主排尿,具有积极临床实践意义
目的:探究对老年腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中患者实施环泊酚联合瑞芬太尼后对其的苏醒质量、认知功能影响。方法:选取2025年1月-10月在我院接受腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的50例老年患者作为研究对象,并采用随机数字表法将其分为两组。对照组25例患者,实施丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼麻醉;观察组25例患者,采用环泊酚联合瑞芬太尼进行麻醉。对两组患者的苏醒质量(睁眼时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复、Steward评分)、术后认知功能(MMSE、MOCA.POCD发生率、MOAA/S评分)、炎症反应(IL-6, TNF-a, CRP, S100B, NSE)、疼痛控制(VAS评分、镇痛药用量)、不良反应(呼吸抑制、PONV、低血压、寒战等)与术中血流动力学(血压、心率、Sp0z、PaCO2、氧合指数)进行比较分析。结果:观察组的睁眼时间(10.55±2.11 min)、拔管时间(16.44±1.55 min)、定向力恢复时间(34.55±5.33 min)短于对照组,Steward苏醒评分(5.44±0.33 min)高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后的MMSE评分(27.44±1.22 分)、MoCA评分(28.44±1.66 分)、MOAA/S评分(3.22±0.44 分)均高于对照组,POCD发生率(16.00%)低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后IL-6(100.22±10.22 pg/mL)、TNF-α(30.22±4.44 pg/mL)、CRP(80.44±5.22 mg/L)、S100B(0.15±0.02 μg/L)、NSE水平(13.66±3.22 μg/L)均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的术后VAS评分比较,统计学无差异,P>0.05;观察组24h镇痛药物用量(80.23±20.44 mg)少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术中血压、心率、Sp0z、PaCO2、氧合指数比对照组更稳定(P<0.05)。观察组呼吸抑制、PONV、低血压、寒战的不良反应发生率(16.00%)低于对照组(44.00%)(P<0.05)。结论:环泊酚联合瑞芬太尼麻醉方案可提高老年腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者的苏醒质量方面,利于患者的术后认知功能恢复,减轻其神经炎症反应,维持患者血流动力学稳定,并降低镇痛药物用量与不良反应发生率。
目的 对比内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术(ERAT)与腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)治疗急性化脓性阑尾炎(ASA)的效果。方法 按随机数字表法将2022年7月-2025年12月本院收治的106例SAS患者分为对照组(LA治疗)及观察组(ERAT治疗),各53例。比较两组围手术期指标、术后恢复指标、炎症因子水平[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)]、疼痛介质水平[P物质(SP)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)]、免疫功能、胃肠激素[胃泌素(GAS)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、胃动素(MTL)]、并发症、复发率。结果 观察组较对照组术中出血量更少,手术、住院时间与肛门排气、首次下床活动、体温复常及术后进食时间更短,并发症发生率更低;术后48h的CRP、IL-6、PCT、SP、PGE2、5-HT及VIP水平更低,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+与GAS、MTL水平更高,有统计学差异(P<0.05);术后3个月内,两组均无1例复发。结论 与LA治疗ASA相比,ERAT具有创伤小、恢复快、炎症反应轻、并发症少等优势,且对免疫功能、胃肠功能影响小等优势,值得临床借鉴。
目的 探究改良宫腹腔镜术治疗输卵管积水性不孕症(HAI)的效果。方法 回顾性分析2023年6月~2025年3月本院收治的80例HAI患者资料,依据手术方法不同分为对照组(40例,传统宫腹腔镜术)、观察组(40例,改良宫腹腔镜术)。两组术后均随访12个月。对比两组自然妊娠率、输卵管通畅率、积水复发率、手术指标及住院时间及术后并发症发生率;对比两组术前、术后1d、术后3d的C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平。结果 观察组自然妊娠率、输卵管通畅率较对照组高,积水复发率较低(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量对比无差异(P>0.05);观察组住院时间较对照组短,并发症较少(P<0.05)。术后1d、术后3d,两组CRP、PCT、D-D均高于术前,术后3d均低于术后1d,观察组均较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论 改良宫腹腔镜术可以提高HAI患者的自然妊娠率、输卵管通畅率,降低积水复发率,且能减轻患者的术后炎症及高凝状态,降低并发症发生率,缩短住院时间。
目的:探讨免气腹、免全身麻醉腹腔镜辅助下腹股沟疝无张力修补术对患者术中生命体征稳定性及术后恢复的影响。方法:选取广州市从化区中医医院及花都区人民医院于2023年7月至2025年6月收治的腹股沟疝患者,按照手术方式的不同分为研究组与对照组。对照组行传统气腹全身麻醉腹腔镜下腹股沟疝无张力修补术(TEP 或 TAPP 术式),研究组行免气腹、免全身麻醉腹腔镜辅助下腹股沟疝无张力修补术。比较两组患者术中呼吸、循环功能变化,术后并发症发生情况,以及术后肛门排气时间、住院时间和住院费用。结果:两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义。研究组术中血压波动幅度小于对照组(P<0.05),心率及血氧饱和度变化与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。亚组分析显示,研究组中采用 TAPP 术式的患者呼吸波动大于对照组中采用 TAPP 术式的患者(P<0.05),而两组中采用 TEP 术式的患者呼吸波动差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组术后肛门排气时间更短、总住院费用更低(P<0.05)。结论:免气腹、免全身麻醉腹腔镜辅助下腹股沟疝无张力修补术有助于缩短手术时间,促进术后胃肠功能恢复,并降低住院费用,具有一定的临床应用价值。
目的 探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)联合无阿片药全身麻醉(全麻)在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果。方法 选取武威市凉州医院2021年5月—2023年5月收治的60例择期行腹腔镜子宫全切术患者展开前瞻性研究,应用抽签法将其分为观察组与对照组,各30例。对照组患者实施常规阿片类药物全麻,观察组采用TAP联合无阿片药全身麻醉。对比两组患者入室后(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术10 min后(T2)和手术结束即刻(T3)生命体征变化,麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)恢复情况,术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h疼痛程度,最后对比其48 h内不良反应发生率。结果 两组T0、T1、T2、T3时间血氧饱和度(SpO2),T0、T3时间平均动脉压(MAP)、心率水平无明显变化,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T1、T2时间对照组MAP、心率升高,观察组T1、T2的MAP、心率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PACU停留时间、首次肛门排气时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h活动时视觉模量表(VAS)评分与静息时VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后48 h内不良反应发生率比对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论 针对腹腔镜子宫全切术患者采取超声引下TAP联合无阿片药全麻可稳定患者术中生命体征,缩短患者术后恢复时间,减轻疼痛程度,且可降低术后48 h内不良反应发生率。
Objective To explore the application effect of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane(TAP)block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods A prospective study was conducted in 60 patients who underwent selective laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023.They were divided into a observation group and a control group using a lottery method,30 cases in each group.The control group received routine opioid general anaesthesia,while the observation group received TAP in combination with opioid-free general anaesthesia.Comparing the changes of vital signs after invasion(T0),skin cutting(T1),10 min after operating(T2),the end of surgery(T3),and condition in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)after anesthesia,the pain degree at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery,and the incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h.Results There were no significant changes in blood SpO2,mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate at T0,T1,T2 and T3 in both groups,and no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).MAP and heart rate increased in the control group at T1 and T2,while those in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly shorter PACU time and first anal exhaust time than the control group(P<0.05).VAS scores at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery and VAS score at rest in the observation group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound guided TAP combined with opioid-free general anesthesia can stabilize intraoperative vital signs,shorten postoperative recovery time,alleviate postoperative pain,and reduce the incidence of anesthesia related adverse reactions within 48 hours for patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.
腹腔镜手术后除躯体创伤疼痛,部分患者还可能经历痛苦的术后内脏痛,不仅使患者术后体验不佳,疼痛应激甚至可能加重机体的内环境紊乱,不利于患者的术后康复。内脏痛是来源于内脏器官和组织的疼痛,其产生与脏器的平滑肌痉挛、扩张、缺血、化学炎症刺激等密切相关。在这个过程中,许多离子通道和受体在调节内脏伤害性刺激信号的传导上发挥作用。目前,临床上术后镇痛治疗方案多样,但如何针对性地控制术后内脏痛是临床医生需要面对和解决的问题。为此,该文对腹腔镜术后内脏痛发生的相关机制、内脏感觉的神经传导及临床特征、治疗进展进行综述。
In addition to physical trauma,patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery may also experience postoperative visceral pain.This pain not only impacts the patient's postoperative experience,but can also worsen the body's internal environment and hinder recovery.Visceral pain originates from internal organs and tissues.It is closely related to smooth muscle spasms,dilations,ischemia,and chemical inflammatory stimulation of organs.In this process,numerous ion channels and receptors regulate the transmission of visceral nociceptive stimulus signals.At present,there are multiple clinical treatment options available for postoperative pain management.However,clinicians must overcome the challenge of controlling postoperative visceral pain.This article provides a review of the relevant mechanisms of visceral pain following laparoscopic surgery,the neural conduction of visceral sensation,clinical characteristics and treatment advancements.