目的 探讨原发于前列腺的产黏液尿路上皮型腺癌的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 对1例极其罕见的原发于前列腺的产黏液尿路上皮型腺癌病例的临床诊治经过、病理组织学及免疫组织化学特征进行观察和总结,并复习国内外相关文献。结果 患者77岁,因排尿困难入院, B超提示前列腺增大,前列腺异常回声性质待查;CT及肠镜检查均未发现膀胱及结直肠恶性肿瘤;血清PSA未见升高。在当地医院行前列腺穿刺检查,病理诊断为前列腺黏液腺癌。遂于我院行腹腔镜下前列腺根治手术,镜下表现为黏液腺癌伴多量黏液湖形成,并见尿路上皮的腺性化生及原位腺癌与黏液腺癌的移行过渡;免疫组化示CK7及34βE12弥漫表达,CDX-2及CEA局灶表达,其余CK20、β-catenin、GATA3、PSA、PSAP、AR及P504S均阴性。结论 原发于前列腺的产黏液尿路上皮型腺癌十分罕见,其预后差,对内分泌治疗不敏感,准确诊断将有利于指导临床医生选择正确的治疗方法及评估其预后。

Objective To investigate clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of prostate. Methods We reported a rare case of mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of prostate and reviewed relevant literatures to discuss the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Results In this case, the patient was a 77-year-old male with the history of dysuria. B-ultrasound indicated benign prostatic enlargement and abnormal echogenicity remained to be determined. CT scan and gastrointestinal endoscopy didn't show any evidence of bladder and colorectal tumor. No serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increased. The patient underwent laparoscopic radical resection of prostate cancer. Microscopically, the tumor presented as mucinous carcinoma, similar to colorectal mucinous carcinoma, but the migration from the normal prostatic urethra was observed and the urethral epithelium at the transitional site was characterized by adenoepithelial metaplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical staining showed neoplastic cells were diffuse and strongly positive for CK7 and 34βE12, focally positive for CDX-2 and CEA and negative for CK20, β-catenin, GATA3, PSA, PSAP, AR and P504S. Conclusion Mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of prostate is an extremely rare tumor. It has a poor prognosis and it is not sensitive to endocrine therapy.

目的 分析肺肝样腺癌(HAL)的临床病理特征、诊断、免疫表型、基因检测及治疗预后等。方法 对1例HAL临床及影像学、组织学形态、免疫组化及基因检测结果等进行观察,并结合相关文献综合分析。结果 患者为48岁吸烟男性,镜下肿瘤具有肝细胞样和腺样分化特征,血清AFP升高。免疫组化: Hepatocyte,AFP, Arginase-1均阳性,ARMS-PCR法均未检测到EGFR,ALK/ROS1,KRAS及BRAF突变。结合相关文献分析: HAL常见于有吸烟史的男性,血清AFP值升高也是该肿瘤的一个特点。肿物多见于肺上叶,体积较大,易发生淋巴结和远处转移,预后相对较差。结论 HAL非常少见,易误诊,其诊断需结合形态学特点、临床病理特征及免疫组化结果等。

Objective To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis, immunophenotype, gene detection and prognosis of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL). Methods A case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung was analyzed with clinical manifestations, histology, immunohistochemical staining and gene detection, and relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was a 48-years-old man with smoking history. Microscopically, the tumor has the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoid differentiation, also serum AFP was elevated. The immunohistochemical results showed that Hepatocyte, AFP and Arginase-1were positive. No mutations were detected for EGFR, ALK/ROS1, KRAS and BRAF by ARMS-PCR. Combining with literature analysis, HAL is common in males and most patients with this tumor are smokers. Serum AFP in very high levels has been a distinguishing feature of this tumor. HAL usually presents as a large bulky solitary mass in the upper lobe. Lymph nodes and distant metastases are prone to occur. Therefore, the prognosis is very poor. Conclusion HAL is a rare malignant tumor and easy to be misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung should be combined with morphological features, clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical findings.

目的 研究罗哌卡因阻滞用于胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术后镇痛的临床效果。方法 胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术患者60例,分为: 观察组(n=30),缝合切口时用0.25%盐酸罗哌卡因10 mL于切口局部浸润;对照组(n=30) 不做局部浸润麻醉处理;记录二组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及血浆皮质醇浓度。结果 观察组术后2 h、6 h、12 h VAS评分优于对照组,术后12 h观察组血浆皮质醇浓度低于对照组。结论 罗哌卡因术终阻滞术后12 h内镇痛效果明显。

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of postoperative analgesia with ropivacaine block after thoracoscopic-lapacoscopic esophagectomy (TLE). Methods Totally 60 patients with esophageal cancer underwent TLE were divided into two groups: observation group(n=30)with 0.25% ropivacaine hydrochloride solution 10 mL injection around incision before end of the operation; control group(n=30)without the treatment. The VAS and the plasma Cortisol concentration at 2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h after surgery were recorded. Results The VAS at 2 h、6 h、12 h after surgery in observation group was higher than that of the control group,but not at 24 h、48 h after surgery. The plasma Cortisol concentration in the observation group was higher than that of in the control at 12 hours postoperatively. Conclusion Ropivacaine block of incision is helpful to have analgesic effect within 12 hours after TLE.

目的 探讨抗肿瘤联合营养支持治疗对老年晚期恶性肿瘤癌因性疲倦及厌食行为的影响。方法 选取2015年4月—2017年4月晚期恶性肿瘤老年患者160例,随机分为抗肿瘤治疗组(对照组)和抗肿瘤联合营养支持治疗组(观察组),各80例,对比分析两组治疗前、后癌因性疲倦及厌食行为评分情况。结果 治疗前,两组厌食行为、癌因性疲倦评分比较无差异(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组厌食行为及癌因性疲倦评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 营养支持治疗在老年晚期恶性肿瘤患者厌食行为及癌因性疲倦方面的改善效果显著,一定程度上提高患者生活质量,减轻痛苦,具有较高临床应用价值。

目的 评价调强放疗后颞颌关节损伤的鼻咽癌患者的生存情况。方法 2010年2月—2013年11月期间90例经调强放疗后出现颞颌关节损伤的鼻咽癌患者,鼻咽病灶放疗剂量70～74Gy/32～33f,转移淋巴结放疗剂量64～70Gy/32～33f,高危区预防性放疗剂量58～66Gy/32～33f,低危区预防性放疗剂量54～58Gy/32～33f,采用顺铂、奈达铂或多西他赛行同步化疗。回顾性分析患者的张口困难程度、近期疗效、无局部复发生存、无远处转移生存及总生存情况,同时评价放疗毒副反应。结果 ①颞颌关节损伤:97.8%的患者为Ⅰ级损伤,2.2%的患者为Ⅱ级损伤,无Ⅲ~Ⅳ级重度放射性损伤;②近期疗效:完全缓解67例(74.5%),部分缓解21例(23.3%),稳定1例(1.1%),进展1例(1.1%),总有效率(ORR)为97.8%(88/90),疾病控制率(DCR)为98.9%。③生存情况:中位随访时间57个月(5～84个月),5年无局部复发生存率、无远处转移生存率和总生存率分别为85.6%、71.1%和73.3%。④不良反应:3~4度不良反应有白细胞减少(发生率为24.4%)、中性粒细胞减少(发生率为21.1%)和血小板减少(发生率为1.1%)等血液学毒性以及口腔黏膜炎(发生率为43.3%)、呕吐(发生率为1.1%)和放射性皮炎(发生率为3.3%)等非血液学毒性。结论 鼻咽癌调强放疗后颞颌关节损伤以I度为主;调强放疗后出现颞颌关节损伤的鼻咽癌患者以T3~T4为主,但仍可获得较满意的局控率、较低的远处转移率和较高的总生存率,且安全性较高。

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)是世界上最常见的肿瘤之一,其病因及确切的分子机制尚不完全清楚,目前认为其发病是多因素、多步骤的复杂过程,且预后较差。miRNAs在调控细胞的周期变化中起到重要的作用,它具有较高的组织特异性,在肿瘤发生中起到关键作用,从而有潜力作为肝癌的诊断和分类的新生物标志物,以及预测患者预后的工具。本文就近年来miRNAs在肝细胞肝癌方面的研究进展做一综述。

目的 探讨低中心静脉压(LCVP)对肝癌肝切除术的影响及意义。方法 选择我院2010年3月—2012年3月期间拟行肝切除术的原发性肝癌患者60例,随机分为LCVP组(30例)和NCVP(30例)。LCVP组术中采用相关技术控制CVP<0.5 kPa;NCVP组术中CVP和血压控制在基础值10%上下范围内。两组的麻醉方法、切口、切肝方法、输血指征均一致。分别记录:心率、血压、CVP值和血常规;手术时间、手术切除肝组织范围、手术期间各阶段出血量、输注血制品的数量;术后第1、3、7天的肝肾功能以及凝血功能,所需补充的外源性白蛋白量;术后并发症的发生率、住院时间和费用。结果 ①2组术前一般临床资料比较均无差异(均P>0 05)。②LCVP组手术时间、手术总出血量、肝离断时出血量、RBC输注量均低于NCVP组(P<0.05);③2组术后肝功能、肾功能指标比较无差异(P>0.05),LCVP组患者术后白蛋白补充量比NCVP组减少(P<0.05);④2组患者术后肝功能衰竭、膈下积液、胆瘘、大量腹水、肺部感染、空气栓塞、死亡的发生率比较,均无差异(P>0.05);⑤LCVP患者住院天数、住院总费用均比NCVP组减少(P<0.05)。结论 术中应用LCVP可减少肝癌肝切除术中出血量,缩短住院时间和住院费用,有利于患者的术后恢复。

Objective To evaluate the effect of LCVP applied during the operation of hepatectomy.Methods Sixty patients underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in the study from March 2010 to March 2012 in our hospital which were randomized into LCVP group and normal CVP (NCVP) group by the sealed envelope method. CVP was kept<0.5 kPa during entire procedure of hepatectomy in LCVP group, and the value of CVP and blood pressure were controlled within 10% of the baseline. The same anesthesia, incision and hepatectomy technique and indications of blood transfusion in LCVP group were undertaken as those in NCVP group. Intraoperative CVP, blood pressure, HR and blood routine were recorded. The time of operation, the amount of bleeding, the extent of removed hepatic tissue, the amount of transfused blood products,liver and renal function index, and coagulation function index were detected on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation. Also the supplement of albumin, the rate of postoperation complications and the length of hospital stay and the expense in hospital were recorded.Results ① The general clinical data of patients were similar in the two group (P>0.05). ② The operation time, total bleeding volume, bleeding volume and RBC infusion volume in LCVP group were significantly lower than those in group NCVP (P<0.05). ③ There were no significant difference of postoperative liver and renal function index between the two groups (P>0.05). But the supplement of albumin in LCVP group after operation was significant less than that in NCVP group (P<0.05). ④ There were no significant difference of the postoperative complication, the length of hospital stay and the expense in hospital between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions The application of LCVP in hepatectomy cause less blood loss, shorten the length of hospital stay and decrease the expense in hospital, which is beneficial for the postoperative recovery.

目的 探讨不同分化程度前列腺癌患者的直肠超声图像特征,为前列腺癌分化程度的诊断提供依据。方法 纳入我院收治的前列腺癌患者120例,均接受直肠超声检查,根据Gleason评分评估分化程度分成低分化组(n=41)、中分化组(n=39)与高分化组(n=40)。分析不同分化程度患者的结节大小、血流分级、回声、边界是否清晰以及包膜完整性,并对血流频谱进行观察。结果 低分化组的结节≥10 mm、肿瘤组织周围血流分布Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、边界欠清晰、包膜欠完整、高回声占比高于高分化组,且低分化组结节≥10 mm、肿瘤组织周围血流分布Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、高回声占比高于中分化组,中分化组结节≥10 mm、肿瘤组织周围血流分布Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、高回声占比高于低分化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 不同分化程度前列腺癌患者的直肠超声表现存在差异,随着分化程度越低,肿瘤边界清晰度、包膜完整性越差,血流越丰富。

目的 观察⁹⁹锝-亚甲基二膦酸盐对前列腺癌骨转移患者骨痛、骨质疏松的治疗效果。方法 对76例前列腺癌骨转移患者给予⁹⁹锝-亚甲基二膦酸盐治疗1年(每疗程15 d,每天静滴22 mg,15 d为一个疗程,共12个疗程),比较治疗前及治疗1年后患者骨密度(BMD)值及血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽、1,25二羟维生素D3等指标的变化。结果 云克治疗后腰椎(L1-4)及左股骨颈、大转子及小转子骨密度(BMD)值均较治疗前增加(P＜0.05);云克治疗后AKP、ICTP均较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.01)。OC云克治疗后较治疗前增加(P＜0.05)。血钙、血磷、1,25-二羟维生素D3云克治疗后与云克治疗前相比无明显变化,P<0.05。前列腺癌骨转移轻度骨痛组及中度骨痛组治疗1年后骨痛VAS评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05。重度骨痛组云克治疗前、治疗后VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义,P<0.05。结论 ⁹⁹锝-亚甲基二膦酸盐在治疗前列腺癌骨转移的骨痛、骨质疏松方面,具有缓解骨痛,促进骨增殖,抑制骨吸收,提高骨密度,防治骨质疏松的作用。

目的 探讨CD117在肺基底样细胞鳞状细胞癌(BSCC)与小细胞肺癌(SCLC)中的鉴别诊断作用。方法 免疫组织化学检测CD117在肺BSCC与SCLC中的表达情况,并进行统计学分析,同时文献复习CD117在这两种肿瘤中的表达情况。结果 CD117在SCLC中特异性高表达(阳性率为78%),并且具有高的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值(分别为100%、78.2%、68.7%、100%),与文献报道一致(阳性率37%～100%);而在BSCC中未见有CD117的表达,文献未见有CD117在BSCC中表达情况报道。结论 CD117有可能成为鉴别诊断BSCC与SCLC的重要指标之一。但由于本报道例数有限,还需要更大型的研究进一步证明CD117在鉴别诊断二者中的敏感度及特异度。

Objective To investigate the role of CD117 in differentiating basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) from small cell carcinoma (SCLC) in lung. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining of CD117 and statistic data were analyzed in BSCC and SCLC, and relevant literature were reviewed. Results CD117 was specifically expressed in high level ( positive rate 78%) in SCLC with high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (respectively 100%、78.2%、68.7%、100%), which was highly consistent with literature reports (positive rate 37%-100%). CD117 was not detected in BSCC in our report and it was the same as in literatures. Conclusion Although our results showed that it was possible that the expression of CD117 would play an important role in differentiating BSCC from SCLC, due to limited cases in number, more studies are needed to elucidated the sensitivity and specificity.