目的 观察和研究功能锻炼和心理护理对中风后肩手综合征老年患者功能康复的影响,以及对运动功能、日常生活活动能力的影响。方法 选取2015年6月—2017年2月收治的中风后肩手综合征老年患者60例为研究对象,随机法分为干预组与对照组,各30例。干预组在给予内科常规治疗及护理的同时,采用功能锻炼心理干预等方法进行处理;对照组仅进行内科的常规治疗及护理。运动功能则采用Fugl-Meyer评分法(FMA)进行评分,而日常生活活动能力采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评分。并比较两组患者干预前后焦虑、抑郁水平。结果 干预组FMA评分以及MBI评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后干预组患者焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 采用功能锻炼和心理护理能提高中风后偏瘫患者的运动功能以及日常生活活动能力,缓解或消除患者焦虑抑郁等负性情绪,效果明显,值得推广应用。

Objective To observe and study of functional exercise and psychological nursing for stroke shoulder hand syndrome after the influence of the elderly patients with functional rehabilitation, and the influence on motor function and ability of daily life activities. Methods 60 cases of elderly patients with apoplexy after apoplexy were selected from June 2015 to February 2017. They randomly were divided into two groups: intervention group and control group, each with 30 cases. The intervention group was treated with functional exercise psychological intervention with giving routine treatment and nursing care as the same time. The control group only conducted routine treatment and nursing care. The exercise function was rated by the Fugl-Meyer scoring method (FMA), while the improved Barthel index (MBI) was used to score the daily activities. The anxiety and depression levels were compared between the two groups. Results The FMA score of the intervention group and MBI score were higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The anxiety and depression scores of the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion The functional exercise and psychological care may improve movement function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke, and daily life activities ability, alleviate or eliminate negative emotions, including anxiety depression. It is worth promoting.

目的 对比双腔耐高压PICC和股静脉置管在IV级心力衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法 选取我院 2016年1月—12月收治的端坐位IV级心力衰竭患者61例,按照便利抽样的方法将其随机分成研究组31例和对照组30例。研究组患者行耐高压PICC置管,对照组患者行双腔中心股静脉置管,观察2组患者的一次性置管成功率、导管头端位置、并发症发生率、留置导管天数和患者满意度等相关临床指标。结果 研究组患者的一次插管成功率为 93.55%(29例),高于对照组的83.33%(25例)(P<0.05);研究组患者的并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 对IV级心力衰竭患者在端坐位下予以耐高压PICC 插管进行治疗,能提高一次置管成功率,降低并发症发生率,提高患者满意度,可作为患者抢救时的首选静脉通道。

Objective To compare the effect of dual chamber high pressure PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) and femoral vein CVC(central venous catheter)catheterization in patients with IV class heart failure. Methods From January to December 2016, 61 patients with congestive heart failure in the sitting position were selected from our hospital. According to the convenient sampling method, they were randomly divided into the study group (31 cases) and the control group(n=30). The study group were treated with high pressure PICC tube, the control group underwent femoral vein catheterization. Two groups of patients with the success rate of catheterization, catheter tip location, complications, indwelling catheter days and related clinical indicators of patient satisfaction were observed. Results The successful rate of intubation in the study group was 93.55% (29 cases), higher than that of the control group (25 cases)(P<0.05), and the incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05)(83.33%). Conclusion Treatment for patients with heart failure IV be in sitting position under high pressure PICC intubation, may improve the success rate of catheterization, reduce the incidence of complications, improve patient satisfaction, and be the first choice when the rescue of patients with venous channel.

目的 探讨活性臭氧水在失禁性皮肤炎中的应用效果。方法 将123例失禁性皮肤炎患者按入院时间分为对照组、银离子组、实验组各41例,分别给患者使用氧化锌软膏、银离子敷料和活性臭氧水进行治疗,治疗后对治疗效果、愈合时间以及患者对疗效的满意度进行评估。结果 治疗后银离子组、实验组有效率达100%,实验组、银离子组患者愈合时间比较接近,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后实验组的满意度为100%,银离子组为90.24%,对照组为60.98%。结果显示实验组更优于银离子组,且与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论 利用活性臭氧水治疗失禁性皮肤炎不仅能有效地提高创面的愈合能力,缩短愈合时间,而且方便、安全、高效、成本低。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of ozone water in the treatment of incontinence dermatitis. Methods 23 cases of incontinence dermatitis were divided into control group, silver ion group and experimental group respectively. Each group consists of 41 cases. The patients were treated with Zinc oxide ointment in control group, ionic silver dressing in silver ion group and activity of ozone water treatment in experimental group. Healing time and curative effect, as well as satisfaction assessment of patients after treatment were studied. Results It showed that both silver ion group and experimental group achieved an effective rate of 100%. The healing time of experimental group and silver ion group were relatively similar, while that of control group is significant differentt (P<0.05). Satisfaction assessment showed that the experimental group after treatment was 100%, while silver ion group was 90.24% and 60.98% in the control group. Results showed that experimental group is better than that of silver ion group, and both groups were statistically significant different to control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The use of ozone water in the treatment of incontinence dermatitis can not only effectively improve the wound healing ability, shorten the healing time, but also is convenient, safe and low cost.

目的 分析妊娠期慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者病毒载量与孕妇肝功能、妊娠并发症的相关性。方法 将本院2015年1月—12月间在本院住院并于本院分娩的携带慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的86例孕妇作为本次研究对象,于住院期间分娩前测定孕妇HBV脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)定量,依据HBV-DNA定量测定结果将全部患者分为阴性组与阳性组,分别对比2组患者的临床资料、肝功能、妊娠并发症发生率及母婴结局;分析HBV-DNA载量与孕妇妊娠期肝功能及妊娠并发症的相关性。结果 2组孕妇的年龄、BMI、孕次与产次均无差异,P>0.05;阴性组患者妊娠期肝功能指标优于阳性组,P<0.01。阴性组中羊水量异常(偏多或偏少)发生率高于阳性组,P<0.05;其他妊娠期并发症发生率2组均未见差异,P>0.05。2组母婴结局均未见统计学差异,P>0.05。HBV载量与ALT肝功能指标均呈正相关,0<r<1,说明HBV-DNA越高则ALT越高,孕妇的肝功能越差。HBV载量与并发症发生间基本不相关,|r|<0.3,P>0.05。结论 慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者妊娠期时随着病毒载量的升高,孕妇的肝功能有所下降仍可维持在正常标准,但与妊娠并发症的发生无相关性;提示对HBV-DNA阳性的孕妇给予密切监护,通过临床常规对症治疗能够保证母婴安全。

Objective To analyze the correlation between viral load of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and liver function and pregnancy complications. Methods We selected 86 cases of pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 as the research objects, and then during the hospitalization to test the quality of the HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA)for them before delivery. According to the HBV-DNA quantitative results, all patients were divided into low dosage group and high dosage group, and then the clinical data, liver function, the incidence rate of pregnancy complications and the outcomes of the two groups were compared; at last we analyzed the correlation among the HBV-DNA load, liver function of pregnant women during pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Results There was no difference between the two groups of pregnant women in the age, BMI, pregnancy and birth time, P>0.05; the low dose group was better than the high dose group in the liver function index during the pregnancy, P<0.01. The incidence of abnormal amniotic fluid volume (more or less) in the low dose group was higher than that in the high dose group, P<0.05; there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of other complications, P>0.05. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in maternal and neonatal outcomes, P>0.05. The HBV load was positively correlated with the two liver function indexes ALT, 0<r<1, indicating that the higher the HBV-DNA, the higher theALT, the worse the liver function of the pregnant women. There was no correlation between HBV load and complications, |r|<0.3, P>0.05. Conclusion Chronic hepatitis B virus carriers during pregnancy with increasing viral load, liver function of pregnant women declined to maintain in normal level, but not associated with pregnancy complications; that of HBV-DNA positive pregnant women given close monitoring of disease through clinical routine treatment can ensure the safety of mother and child.

目的 研究多排螺旋CT低剂量扫描在浸润型肺结核化疗期间复查的应用价值。方法 选取100例浸润型肺结核化疗期病人为研究对象,对选取100例患者行常规剂量胸部CT扫描后再行低剂量扫描。比较常规剂量组和低剂量组CT扫描的图像质量及疗效评估。结果 两组扫描肺窗图像质量比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);两组肺窗薄层多平面重建图像质量比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05); 两组软组织窗图像质量有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。观察组ED、DLP和CTDIvol等指标低于对照组(P＜0. 01),即观察组受检者CT扫描辐射剂量低于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论 多排螺旋CT低剂量胸部扫描用于浸润型肺结核的复查,可以获得与常规剂量接近的肺窗图像质量,满足肺结核病灶的分析评估,并可有效减少胸部CT扫描中的辐射剂量;既能满足肺结核复查的疗效评估,又提高了肺结核CT复查的安全性,还有效节约检查成本。

Objective To study the application of low-dose scan of multidetector row CT(MDCT)in the chemotherapy of infiltrative tuberculosis. Methods 100 patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis who were under treatment were selected. All patients accepted conventional-dose and low-dose scan of MDCT. The image quality and treatment effect of two groups were compared. Results The image quality on lung window of two groups did not differ significantly(P＞0.05). The image quality on lung window with multiplanar reconstruction of two groups also did not differ significantly(P＞0.05). The image quality on soft-tissue window differed significantly (P<0.05). The ED, DLP and CTDIvol of the low-dose group were significantly lower than those of the conventional-dose group. Conclusion For MDCT follow-up examination of patients with infiltrative tuberculosis, the image quality on lung window with low dose is similar to the image quality with conventional dose. It may effectively reduce the exposure dose of CT examination. This cost-effective modality not may can meet the curative effect evaluation of TB, but also can improve the security of the follow-up examination of patients.

目的 回顾性分析常规放射检查中儿童胸部复合型骨折漏诊的原因,并且探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术在儿童胸部复合型骨折中的诊断价值。方法 搜集本院2012年1月—2015年8月间因外伤行胸部照片和CT扫描的外伤患儿共123例,男81例,女42例,年龄9个月～15岁,平均年龄4.3岁。所有病例在完成胸部照片后1~3 d,进行胸部容积CT扫描,并对数据进行三维重建后处理,其结果与常规DR检查结果相比较。结果 在123例患儿中,常规胸部DR片显示明确胸部骨折39例61处,其中胸部单纯性骨折24例,胸部复合型骨折15例。可疑骨折48例;36例未见明确骨折但存在胸部合并症。CT检查显示明确的胸部骨折76例,142处,其中胸部单纯性骨折42例,胸部复合型骨折34例。与胸部DR平片相比,CT显示胸部新增骨折有18处在单纯性骨折病例中,63处在复合型骨折病例中。CT重建技术对复合型骨折的检出率高于DR平片,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 胸部CT容积扫描并综合运用三维重建技术处理,可以提高胸部复合型骨折的检出率,相对于常规放射照片更能提供详细和直观的信息,包括骨折部位、类型、程度以及邻近结构的损伤,并对治疗方案的选择及预后的评估有重要指导价值。

Objective To investigate the reasons for missed diagnoses of children's chest complex fractures in chest radiographs and to discuss the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) reconstruction in the diagnosis of children's chest complex fractures. Methods 123 children underwent chest digital radiography(DR) and MSCT scans after traumas were collected in our hospital between January 2012 and August 2015. This population consisted of 81 male and 42 female patients, with a mean age of 4.3 years(range from 9 months to 15 years). All participants underwent chest MSCT scans in 1-3 days after completing chest DR, and then we used 3D reconstruction to process the data and compared the results with those processed by DR. Results By chest DR tests we identified 39 cases (61 places) out of 123 participants with 24 simple fractures, 15 complex fractures. And 48 chest fractures were suspected. We also identified 36 cases had chest complications without fracture. By MSCT scans 76 cases (142 places) were identified, among which 42 were simple and 34 were complex. Compared with chest DR, MSCT scans can identified 18 more places of simple fractures and 63 more places of complex fractures. It was statistically significant higher detection rate of MSCT scan than DR. Conclusion Chest MSCT scan combined 3D reconstruction technology can increase the detection rate of chest complex fracture. Compared with DR, it provides more detailed and visualized information, including fracture position, type, severity and adjacent structure damage. It has important guiding value on the selection of therapy and prognosis evaluation.

目的 观察不同血液净化方式对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者透析中低血压(IDH)的干预作用。方法 选择透析中低血压患者30例,随机分为血液透析(HD)组,血液透析滤过(HDF)组,血液灌流联合血液透析(HP+HD)组,各组均为10例。比较三组患者透析中低血压的发生率。分别于首次治疗前、后,治疗24周后测定血清血β₂-微球蛋白(β₂-MG)、N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、血浆白蛋白(ALB)。结果 ①HDF+HD、HP+HD组透析中低血压发生率降低(P<0.05)。②与治疗前相比,首次治疗后HDF能降低血β₂-MG水平(P<0.05);治疗24周后,HP+HD、HDF组均可降低血β₂-MG浓度(P<0.05),且HP+HD组下降更明显(P<0.05)。首次治疗及治疗24周后,HD组均不能降低NT-proBNP水平,而HDF、HP+HD组均能有效降低血NT-proBNP浓度(P<0.05)。首次治疗和治疗24周后3组患者ALB水平的差异均无统计学意义,同期3组患者ALB水平的差异亦不显著(P>0.05)。结论 HDF或HP+HD能有效降低MHD患者IDH的发生率,值得推广。

Objective To explore the efficacy of different blood purification methods on intradialytic hypotension(IDH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Thirty MHD patients with IDH were randomly divided into three groups: hemodialysis(HD) group(n=10),hemodiafiltration(HDF) group(n=10),hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis (HP+HD) group(n=10). The changes of blood pressure in therapy and the frequency of intradialytic hypotension were compared.Before and after the first treatment,after 24 weeks of treatment serum blood beta 2-microglobulin(β₂-MG),serum NT-proBNP,albumin(ALB)weremeasured. Results ①Compared with HD group,the frequency of intradialytic hypotension was significantly reduced in HDF and HP+HD group(P<0.05). ② In HFD group serumβ₂-MG decreased after the first dialysis session(P<0.05). After the treatment for 24 weeks, serumβ₂-MG levels decreased in HP+HD and HFD group (P<0.05),especially in HP+HD group(P<0.05). Serum NT-proBNP cannot decreased after first dialysis session and after the treatment for 24 weeks in HD group, however, can decreased in HFD and HP+HD group (P<0.05). There were no changes of ALB levels between three groups after first dialysis session and after the treatment for 24 weeks (P>0.05). Conclusion Hemodiafiltration or hemoperfusion associated with hemodilysis can improve the hemodynamic stability in IDH patients, it can be used as a long term therapy.

目的 探讨盐酸普萘洛尔凝胶外涂治疗婴幼儿浅表性血管瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 选取我院2015年5月—2017年5月收治的60例患有浅表性血管瘤的婴幼儿为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组口服盐酸普萘洛尔片治疗,观察组采用质量浓度为5 g/L的(20 g∶100 mg)盐酸普萘洛尔凝胶外涂方法治疗,疗程3个月。观察两组患者治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后,采用Achauer评定疗效,观察组Ⅰ级患儿1例,Ⅱ级患儿6例,Ⅲ级患儿12例,Ⅳ级患儿8例,Ⅴ级患儿3例,总有效率为96.67%(29/30),对照组Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级分别为2例、8例、10例、6例、4例,总有效率为93.33%(28/30),两组患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后血管瘤血流峰值及阻力系数较治疗前均得到改善(P<0.05),而两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不良反应情况,除观察组发生3例涂抹部位发红外,两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论 采用盐酸普萘洛尔凝胶外涂治疗婴幼儿浅表性血管瘤疗效显著,安全可靠,临床上值得进一步推广。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Propranolol hydrochloride gel in the external application treatment of superficial hemangioma in infants. Methods We selected 60 infants with superficial hemangioma treated in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 and to randomly divide them into the observation group and the control group, each with 30 cases. The control group was treated with Propranolol hydrochloride tablets, and the observation group was treated with 0.5% (20 g∶100 mg) Propranolol hydrochloride gel external application method, the course of treatment was 3 months.We observed the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of the two groups. Results After treatment, with the Achauer evaluation, patients with grade Ⅰ had 1 case, grade Ⅱ 6 cases, grade Ⅲ 12 cases, grade Ⅳ 8 cases, Ⅴ-grade 3 cases, and the total effective rate was 96.67% (29/30), while the grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ in the control group included 2 cases, 8 cases, 10 cases, 6 cases, 4 cases, and the total effective rate was 93.33% (28/30), there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05); The hemangioma peak flow and resistance coefficient of patients in the two groups were significantly improved than that before the treatment (P<0.05), and all with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). As to the adverse reactions, except the applying parts of 3 cases having rubefaction occurred in the observation group, two groups of patients had no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion External application of Propranolol hydrochloride gel in the treatment of superficial hemangioma in infants is effective, safe and reliable. It is worthy of further promotion in clinic.

目的 探究儿童抗NMDA受体脑炎临床特点、诊治及预后。方法 回顾性分析16例儿童抗NMDA受体脑炎的临床表现、辅助检查、治疗与预后。结果 16例患儿中,意识障碍16例, 语言障碍15例,运动障碍13例,11例惊厥发作。9例脑脊液NMDA受体抗体阳性,14例血清NMDA受体抗体阳性。16例患儿脑电图均出现背景中高波幅慢活动,头颅磁共振检查未见异常。所有患儿均接受丙种球蛋白联合激素冲击治疗,14例症状缓解,2例需加用利妥昔单抗治疗,症状缓解。结论 识别儿童抗NMDA受体脑炎多样临床表现,筛查NMDA受体抗体有助于早期诊断及治疗儿童抗NMDA受体脑炎。

Objective To investigate clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the patient with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in children. Methods The data of clinical feature,auxiliary examination of 16 cases with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in children were reviewed and analyzed. Results Of all 16 cases, there were 16 cases with decreased consciousness, 15 cases developed speech alteration, 13 cases developed movements disorder and 11 cases with seizure. Cerebrospinal fluid NMDA antibody were positive in 9 cases and serum NMDA antibody were positive in 14 cases. The EEG of 16 patients showed high-amplitude slow activity in the background. There were no significant abnormalities in head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of all children. After all children received gamma globulin combined hormone therapy, 14 cases had boen improved and another 2 cases need to be further treated combined with Rituximab. Conclusion Pediatric patients had diverse clinical manifestations. Screening of NMDA receptor antibody may help early diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. And timely treatment may yield a favorable prognosis.

目的 探讨二甲双胍和胰高糖素样多肽-1对2型糖尿病患者并发骨折恢复的影响。方法 选取2016年5月—2017年4月我院骨科收治的2型糖尿病并发骨折患者120例,按随机原则分为5组,每组24例,单药低剂量二甲双胍组(A1)、单药高剂量二甲双胍组(A2)、单药GLP-1组(B)、低剂量二甲双胍联合GLP-1组(C1)和高剂量二甲双胍联合GLP-1组(C2)。二甲双胍低剂量用药量为0.5 g/次,每日2次口服,高剂量用药量为0.5 g/次,每日4次口服。皮下注射利拉鲁肽每日1次,起始量为每日0.6 mg,1周增加为每日1.2 mg,再1周后增加为每日1.8 mg。血糖控制在理想水平后按照标准的手术方法和规程行相应的手术治疗。同时给予饮食控制及其它对症治疗。分别在1、3、6个月时检测其股骨颈骨密度值(BMD)和Harris系统评分。结果 随着治疗时间延长,A1组、C1组、C2组BMD值和Harris系统评分均增高, 在术后3月和6月时,C1组骨密度值和Harris评分高于A1组(P<0.05), C1组骨密度值和Harris评分高于C2组(P<0.05)。结论 胰高糖素样多肽-1可促进2型糖尿病患者骨折愈合、功能恢复,且与低剂量二甲双胍联用促进骨折愈合效果优于与高剂量二甲双胍联用。

Objective To investigate the effects of metformin and glucagon like polypeptide -1 on fracture recovery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods We selected 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from May 2016 to April 2017 in department of orthopedicsin in our hospital and randomly divided them into 5 groups, 24 cases in each group,includingthe low dose of metformin monotherapy group (A1), the high dose of metformin monotherapy group (A2), single drug GLP-1 group (B), and GLP-1 group low dose of metformin combination (C1) and high dose of metformin combination with GLP-1 group (C2). The low dose of metformin was 0.5 g / time, 2 times a day for oral administration. The high dose was 0.5 g / time, 4 times a day. Subcutaneous injection of liraglutide was once daily, starting at a daily dose of 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg daily after 1 week and 1.8 mg daily after another week. After an ideal level of blood glucose control, corresponding surgical procedures should be performed according to standard surgical methods and procedures. Diet control and other symptomatic treatments were also given. The femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and the Harris system score were examined at the first, third, and sixth month respectively. Results With the prolongation of treatment time, the BMD value and Harris system score in the A1 group, C1 group, C2 group were increased. After surgery in March and June, the BMD and Harris score of C1 group were higher than that of A1 group (P<0.05). The bone mineral density and Harris score of C1 group was significantly higher than that of group C2 (P<0.05). Conclusion Glucagon like peptide -1 may promote the fracture recovery and functional recovery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and with combination of low dose metformin is more effective than that with high dose metformin.