目的 压疮是指由于组织受压时间过长引起的严重并发症，2025年的数据显示，压疮在活动受限患者中发生率高。机体代谢紊乱可能会引起压疮，但是否与血清代谢物有因果影响，暂不明确。方法 本文运用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法评价血清代谢物与压疮间风险因素，基于MR方法评价血清代谢物和压疮的因果联系，分别纳入由欧洲人群全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。压疮：FinnGen R10，3 167例；血清代谢物：EMBL-EBI数据库16种代谢物数据作为研究样本；筛选条件：工具变量筛选条件［P＜5×10-8，连锁不平衡聚类r 2 ＜0.001，kb=10 000，F统计量＞10（公式：F=R2 ×N-2/1-R2 ）］；主要分析方法：使用（IVW）法，辅助采用加权中位数法（WM）、MR-Egger回归法校验；用Benjamini-Hochberg法进行多重检验校正（FDR＜0.05为有统计学意义）。结果 共鉴定出10种代谢物与压疮存在关联（P＜0.01），经FDR校正后4种：代谢物18：2/20：4n6的水平升高（P＜0.000 2）2-Oxopeptide的作用相反，降低压疮的风险（OR=0.73，95%CI：0.59~0.92，P=0.011）；琥珀酸可增加压疮的风险（OR=1.13，95%CI：1.03~1.24，P=0.018）；甘氨酸/丙氨酸比值降低压疮风险（OR=0.849，95%CI：0.76~0.93，P=0.022）。稳定性分析证明上述发现是可信的、稳健的（heterogeneity：P＞0.05，pleoitropy：P＞0.05）。结论 血清代谢物通过调控炎症反应、影响微循环障碍以及干预能量代谢途径，参与压疮的发生发展，可作为构建压疮风险的模型以及制定相关干预策略为压疮评估、治疗、预防提供因果层面的理论依据。
Objective Pressure ulcer（PU）is a serious complication caused by prolonged tissue compression．Data of 2025 shows that PUs have a high incidence among patients requiring long-term bed rest．Metabolic disorders may contribute to PU development，but whether serum metabolites causally affect PU risk remains unclear．Methods this study employed the Mendelian randomization（MR）method to evaluate whether serum metabolites are risk factors for PU．To assess the causal relationship between serum metabolites and PU，data from Genome-Wide Association Studies（GWAS）of European populations were included：PU data from FinnGen R10（3 167 cases）and data on 16 serum metabolites from the EMBL-EBI database．Instrumental variable screening criteria were as follows：P＜5×10-8，linkage disequilibrium clustering（r 2 ＜0.001，kb=10，000），and F-statistic ＞10（Formula：F=［R2 ×N-2］/［1-R2 ］）．The inverse variance weighting（IVW）method was used as the primary analytical approach，supplemented by the weighted median（WM）method and MR-Egger regression for verification．The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied for multiple test correction（FDR＜0.05 was considered statistically significant）．Results A total of 10 metabolites were identified to be associated with PU（P＜0.01），and 4 remained significant after FDR correction：elevated levels of metabolite 18：2/20：4n6（P＜0.0002）；2-Oxopeptide exerted an opposite effect，reducing PU risk（OR=0.73，95%CI：0.59-0.92，P=0.011）；succinic acid increased PU risk（OR=1.13，95%CI：1.03-1.24，P=0.018）；and the glycine/alanine ratio reduced PU risk（OR=0.849，95%CI：0.76-0.93，P=0.022）．Stability analysis（PH-TauNE［novel pleiotropy test］） confirmed that the above findings were credible and robust（heterogeneity：P＞0.05，pleiotropy：P＞0.05）．Conclusions Serum metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of PU by regulating inflammatory responses，affecting microcirculatory disorders，and interfering with energy metabolism pathways．They can provide causal theoretical basis for constructing PU risk prediction models，formulating relevant intervention strategies，and guiding PU treatment，prevention，and assessment．
目的 通过对压疮不同治疗方式的分析，探讨疾病诊断相关分组（DRG）组合的特征，提高核心疾病诊断相关组（ADRG）的入组率和提升相对权重值，从而提升医疗服务效率和水平。方法 使用医院DRGs分析评价系统以及EXCEL软件筛选出2023—2024年广州市第一人民医院主要诊断压疮疾病病例，分析ADRG组合的特征。结果 根据压疮疾病不同治疗方式，主要诊断为压疮（L89）的176病例进入相对的外科治疗组和内科治疗组，ADRG组分别为JD1组合、JJ1组合、JV1组合。JJ1组合治疗方案以创面封闭式负压引流为主；JD1组合的外科治疗方式均是以皮肤和皮下坏死组织的切除清创术+创面封闭式负压引流术（VSD）的手术治疗方案。JD13组、JD15组比JJ13组、JJ15组，相对权重分别高2.35和1.48。26例患者的住院时间均超过60 d，导致进入了QY组合。结论 利用好DRGs工具能有效地提高压疮的入组率，结合精细化的首页质量管理，提升DRGs的组合权重值及医疗服务效率和水平。
Objective To analyze different treatment methods for pressure ulcers and explore the characteristics of Diagnosis-Related Groups（DRGs）to improve the admission rate of Adjacent DRGs（ADRGs）and enhance the relative weight value，thereby improving the efficiency and level of medical services．Methods Using the DRGs management system and EXCEL software，cases of pressure ulcer disease from Class A tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from 2023 to 2024 were selected，with pressure ulcers as the primary diagnosis，and analyzed the characteristics of ADRG combinations．Results Based on different treatment methods for pressure ulcers，176 cases primarily diagnosed with pressure ulcers（L89）were categorized into relative surgical and medical treatment groups，with ADRG groups being JD1，JJ1，and JV1 combinations．The JJ1 group’s treatment plan primarily focused on closed wound negative pressure drainage，the surgical treatment method for JD1 group involved skin and subcutaneous necrotic tissue excision and debridement surgery combined with closed wound negative pressure drainage（VSD）．The relative weights of JD13 and JD15 groups were 2.35 and 1.48，higher than those of JJ13 and JJ15 groups．Twenty-six cases had an average hospital stay exceeding 60 days，leading to their categorization into the QY group．Conclusions Utilizing the DRG tool effectively improves the admission rate for pressure ulcer diseases．By combining it with refined quality management on the first page of medical records，the combination weight value of DRGs and the efficiency and level of medical services can be enhanced．
目的 探讨信息预警系统在住院患者压疮风险管理中的运用。方法 应用描述性分析,χ2检验和t检验方法,对实施信息预警系统前后的院内压疮发生率、压疮护理质量管理指标以及使用纸质版和电子版Waterlow量表评估患者压疮危险的平均时间进行比较。结果 试行信息预警系统后,院内压疮发生率下降至0.11‰;护士对压疮危险患者评估率、动态评估率和预防压疮措施落实率都明显升高;护士使用电子版Waterlow量表评估患者压疮危险耗时显著减少。结论 信息预警系统在住院患者压疮风险管理中起到重要作用,为临床护理和护理管理提供了良好的工具,保障患者安全。
Objective To explore the application of risk management information system in the inpatients' risk management of pressure ulcers (PUrs). Methods A descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and T-test were used to analyze the incidence of inpatients' PUrs and indicators of the nursing quality control before and after applying the risk management information system. Results After using this information system, incidence of PUrs decreased to 0.11‰ . Rate of registered nurses' assessment on inpatients' with PUrs risk and dynamically assessment rose obviously. The rate of prevention of PUrs went up as well. The mean time to assess inpatients' PUrs risk with electronic Waterlow scale was significantly less than the mean time of paper Waterlow scale. Conclusion The risk management information system played a vital role in the inpatients' PUrs risk management. It could provide an effective tool for the clinical nursing's quality control, improve registered nurses' efficiency and protect inpatients'safety.
