目的  探讨多组分运动训练对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期病人骨骼肌功能的影响。方法  前瞻性选择2022年10月—2024年10月90例COPD稳定期患者，采用抽签法随机分为观察组与对照组，对照组45例采取常规运动干预，观察组45例在对照组基础上增加多组分运动训练。干预前、干预后3个月比较两组患者四肢骨骼肌含量，四肢肌群力量，运动耐力与肺功能，生活质量。结果 干预后，两组上肢、下肢骨骼肌含量均略增加，观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）；干预后，两组膝伸肌、膝屈肌、肘伸肌、肘屈肌肌群力量均增加，观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）；干预后，两组6 min步行试验、用力肺活量及第一秒用力呼气量均升高，观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）；干预后，两组圣乔治呼吸问卷各维度分数及总分均降低，观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论  针对老年COPD稳定期患者采取多组分运动训练可提升患者四肢骨骼肌含量与四肢肌群力量，改善患者运动耐力与肺功能，减轻COPD及骨骼肌功能障碍对患者生活质量造成的负面影响。

        Objective  To explore the effect of multi-component exercise training on skeletal muscle function in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）．Methods  From October 2022 to October 2024，90 stable COPD patients were prospectively selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a lottery method．The control group consisted of 45 patients who received routine exercise care，while the observation group  consisted of 45 patients who received multi-component exercise training in addition to the routine care．Skeletal muscle content，muscle group strength，exercise endurance，lung function，and quality of life between two groups of patients were compared before and three months after intervention．Results  After intervention，the skeletal muscle content of both upper and lower extremities slightly increased in both groups，with the observation group  being higher than the control group（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the strength of the knee extensor，knee flexor，elbow extensor，and elbow flexor muscle groups increased in both groups，with the observation group  had better results than the control group（P＜0.05）．After intervention，both groups showed an increase in six-minute walking test，forced vital capacity，and forced expiratory volume in first second，with the observation group  had better  results than the control group（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the scores of each dimension and total score of the SGRQ in both groups decreased，and the observation group had lower scores than the control group（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Multi-component exercise training for stable elderly COPD patients can improve the skeletal muscle content and muscle strength of the extremities，enhance exercise endurance and lung function，and alleviate the negative impact of COPD and skeletal muscle dysfunction on patients’quality of life．

       目的 探讨多组分运动干预联合多学科指导下营养干预应用于老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）并发衰弱患者的效果。方法 选择郑州市第七人民医院收治的CHF并衰弱患者102例, 纳入时间为2023年11月—2024年10月, 按照随机数表法分为对照组51例给予常规运动干预+多学科指导下营养干预,观察组51例给予多组分运动干预+多学科指导下营养干预,观察两组衰弱状态、心功能指标、营养状况、生活质量、不良事件发生率。结果 与对照组相比,观察组干预后身体、心理、社会及总分明显更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组干预后左室射血分数（LVEF）水平明显更高,超敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）、N末端B型利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）水平更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比, 观察组干预后主观整体营养状况评价表（PG-SGA）评分明显更低,血红蛋白（Hb）、前白蛋白（PA）、白蛋白（ALB）水平更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组干预后症状、身体、情感及总分更低（P<0.05）。观察组不良事件发生率（1.96%）低于对照组（15.69%）（P<0.05）。结论 对CHF并发衰弱患者应用多组分运动干预联合多学科指导下营养干预,能够减轻衰弱状态, 改善心功能及营养状况,促进生活质量的提升, 并降低不良事件发生率。

       Objective To explore the effect of multi-component exercise intervention combined with nutritional intervention under multidisciplinary guidance in elderly patients with chronic heart failure（CHF）and frailty．Methods From November 2023 to October 2024, 102 CHF patients with frailty admitted to Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital were selected and included． According to the computer grouping method, they were divided into a control group with 51 patients, received routine exercise intervention and multidisciplinary nutrition intervention,and an observation group with 51 patients, received multi-component exercise intervention and multidisciplinary nutrition intervention．The frailty status, cardiac function indicators, nutritional status, quality of life and incidence of adverse events were observed in both groups．Results Compared with the control group,the observation group showed significantly lower physical, psychological, social, and total scores after intervention（P<0.05）．Compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly higher levels of left ventricular ejection fraction and lower levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension after intervention（P<0.05）．Compared with the control group,the observation group had significantly lower Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment scores and higher levels of hemoglobin, prealbumin, and albumin after intervention（P<0.05）．Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly lower symptoms, physical, emotional, and total scores after intervention（P<0.05）．The incidence of adverse events in the observation group（1.96%）was lower than that in the control group（15.69%）（P<0.05）．Conclusions Multi-component exercise intervention combined with multidisciplinary nutritional intervention in patients with CHF and frailty can alleviate frailty, improve cardiac function and nutritional status,quality of life, and reduce the incidence of adverse events．