目的 探讨继发性肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的临床特点及相关高危因素。方法 收集广州市胸科医院2017年7月—2019年10月收治的继发性肺结核患者资料,病程均大于3个月,分为真菌感染组106例和非真菌感染组100例进行回顾性分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示,合并肺部其他疾病、非初治、咯血、空洞、应用广谱抗生素>l周、侵袭性操作存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析结果显示,广谱抗生素使用>l周、侵袭性操作为真菌感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 对于应用广谱抗生素、进行侵袭性操作的肺结核患者应警惕真菌感染风险,及早预防及诊治。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and related high risk factors of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary fungal infection. Methods Data of patients with secondary tuberculosis admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were collected. All patients with a course of disease longer than 3 months were divided into the fungal infection group (n =106) and the non-fungal infection group (n =100) for retrospective analysis. Results Univariate analysis results showed that there were statistical differences in combined other pulmonary diseases, non-initial treatment, hemoptysis, cavity, application of broad-spectrum antibiotic > for 1 week, and invasive operation (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that >1 week of broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures were independent risk factors for fungal infection (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with tuberculosis who are treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures should be alert to the risk of fungal infection, early prevention and treatment should be undertaken.

目的 通过生物信息学方法,分析阿司匹林抗结直肠癌的作用机制。方法 在DrugBank 5.1.5中查找阿司匹林的直接作用蛋白靶点(direct protein targets,DPTs);构建阿司匹林DPTs的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络并分析相关信号通路;从GEO数据库中获取结直肠癌表达谱芯片数据,筛选中心度最高的20个结直肠癌差异表达基因作为Hub基因;将DPTs相互关联基因与结直肠癌Hub基因求交集,确认阿司匹林抗结直肠癌的潜在作用靶点,分析其在TCGA数据库结肠腺癌样本中的表达情况,并进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG信号通路分析。最终通过RT-PCR和WB实验验证阿司匹林抗结直肠癌的潜在靶点。结果 在DrugBank 5.1.5中确定了11个阿司匹林DPTs,KEGG信号通路分析发现其中6个DPTs(EDNRA,IKBKB,NFKB2,NFKBIA,PTGS2,TP53)与癌症的发生发展有关。将DPTs相关联基因与筛选的20个结直肠癌Hub基因求交集,发现5个基因(CDK1,AURKA,CCNB1,MAD2L1,TPX2)可能是阿司匹林抗结直肠癌的潜在作用靶点,其在TCGA数据库结肠腺癌样本中均表达上调,基因功能主要富集于细胞周期调控。RT-PCR和WB实验结果显示阿司匹林可以降低人结肠癌细胞中CDK1,AURKA,CCNB1,MAD2L1,TPX2的mRNA水平和蛋白表达。结论 CDK1,AURKA,CCNB1,MAD2L1,TPX2可能是阿司匹林抗结直肠癌的潜在靶点,其可能通过影响细胞周期调控发挥抗肿瘤作用。

Objective To analyze the mechanism of aspirin against colorectal cancer(CRC)by bioinformatic analysis. Methods DrugBank 5.1.5 was used to identify direct protein targets (DPTs) of aspirin. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DPTs was constructed and involved signaling pathways were analyzed. CRC-associated gene expression datasets were downloaded from GEO database, and the top twenty differentially expressed genes with the highest degree were screened out as Hub genes. Common genes between the genes associated with the DPTs and the Hub genes of CRC were the potential targets of aspirin against CRC. The potential targets in TCGA database colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) samples were examined. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG signaling pathway analysis of the potential targets were performed. The potential targets of aspirin against CRC cells were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB). Results Eleven DPTs of aspirin were identified in DrugBank 5.1.5. KEGG signaling pathway showed that 6 genes (EDNRA, IKBKB, NFKB2, NFKBIA, PTGS2, TP53) were associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. By intersecting 20 Hub genes of CRC with genes associated with the DPTs of aspirin, it was found that 5 genes (CDK1, AURKA, CCNB1, MAD2L1, TPX2) might be the potential targets of aspirin against CRC. They were all up-regulated in TCGA-COAD samples, and the gene functions were mainly enriched in cell cycle regulation. The results of RT-PCR and WB showed that aspirin could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of CDK1, AURKA, CCNB1, MAD2L1 and TPX2 in human colon cancer cells respectively. Conclusion CDK1, AURKA, CCNB1, MAD2L1 and TPX2 could be potential targets of aspirin against CRC by affecting the progress of cell cycle regulation.

目的 探讨规范化康复护理在脊髓型颈椎病前路手术术后功能恢复的影响。方法 将60例行颈椎前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定术的患者分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施规范化康复护理措施。分别在出院时、出院后1、3、6个月进行日本骨科协会脊髓功能JOA评分、颈椎功能残障指数NDI评分、疼痛视觉模拟VAS评分、生活自理能力评分以及记录两组住院时间、术后并发症发生率。结果 手术后观察组与对照组的平均住院时间、术后并发症、术后脊髓功能恢复情况、颈椎功能恢复、生活自理能力的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的平均住院时间均低于对照组(P<0.05);术后脊髓功能功能评分、生活自理能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);颈椎功能残障指数评分、术后并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 规范化康复护理可以促进脊髓型颈椎病行前路手术术后脊髓、颈椎功能的恢复,减少住院时间,减少术后并发症的发生,提高患者生活自理能力,提高生活质量。

Objective To investigate the effect of standardized rehabilitation nursing on functional recovery of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) after anterior operation. Methods Sixty patients were divided into two groups: observation group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Routine nursing was carried out in the control group and standardized rehabilitation nursing measures were carried out in the observation group. At the time of discharge, 1,3,6 months after discharge, the JOA score of spinal cord function of the Japanese Orthopaedics Association, the NDI score of cervical spine disability index, the VAS score of visual analogue of pain, the score of self-care ability of life were taken. The length of hospitalization of the two groups and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded. Results There were significant differences in average hospitalization time, postoperative complications, recovery of spinal cord function, recovery of cervical spine function and ability of living self-care between the observation group and the control group after operation (P<0.05). The average hospitalization time in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the scores of spinal cord function and self-care ability after operation were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The score of cervical disability index and the incidence of postoperative complications were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Standardized rehabilitation nursing may promote the recovery of spinal cord and cervical spine function, reduce hospital stay, reduce postoperative complications, improve the self-care ability of patients and improve the quality of life.

目的 回顾分析2017—2018年汕头中心医院50例腹泻儿童鼠伤寒沙门菌的标本信息及药敏结果, 得出汕头地区这两年鼠伤寒沙门菌感染特性及指导临床合理用药。方法 从腹泻儿童粪便标本中分离沙门氏菌, 采用纸片扩散法检测其对抗菌药物的敏感性, 采用血清学凝集试验沙门氏菌血清型, 记录鉴定为鼠伤寒沙门菌的标本数据进行分析。结果 50例腹泻儿童鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中,易感时间多为夏秋季节;0～1岁为易感人群;感染后多出现发热、腹泻症状,可出现血便症状,较少出现呕吐;鼠伤寒沙门菌对亚胺培南、替加环素、厄他培南有100%的敏感率,对呱啦西林/他唑巴坦、头孢呱酮/舒巴坦有96%和92.68%的敏感率,队阿莫西林/克拉维酸有80.48%的敏感率,对阿米卡星、头孢呋辛酯、头孢呋辛、头孢西丁都为100%耐药,对其他抗生素有不同程度的敏感性及耐药性。结论 在夏秋季节,0～1岁儿童应加强对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的预防,若出现发热、腹泻症状需及时就医,医生需向鼠伤寒沙门菌的方向考虑治疗,鼠伤寒沙门菌对多抗生素产生耐药性,临床上需根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素。

Objective To retrospectively analyze information and drug susceptibility of 50 cases of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from children with diarrhea in Shantou Central Hospital from 2017 to 2018, and to obtain the characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium infection in Shantou area in the past two years and to guide rational drug use in clinic. Methods Salmonella was isolated from fecal specimens of children with diarrhea. The susceptibility of Salmonella to antimicrobial agents was detected by disk diffusion method. Serological agglutination test was used to determine the serotype of salmonella. Sample data identified as Salmonella typhimurium were recorded and analyzed. Results Among the 50 children with diarrhea, the susceptibility time of Salmonella typhimurium was summer and autumn; the age of 0～1 was susceptible population; fever and diarrhea were common after infection, and hematochezia and vomiting were rare; Salmonella typhimurium had 100% susceptibility to imipenem, tegacycline and ertapenem, 96% and 92.68% to guacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxone/sulbactam. The sensitivity rate of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 80.48%. It was 100% resistant to amikacin, cefuroxime axetil, cefuroxime and cefoxitin. It had different sensitivity and resistance to other antibiotics. Conclusion In summer and autumn, children aged 0～1 should strengthen prevention of Salmonella typhimurium infection. If symptoms of fever and diarrhea occur, doctors should consider the direction of Salmonella typhimurium treatment. Salmonella typhimurium is resistant to multi-antibiotics, and rational use of antibiotics in clinic should be based on the results of drug sensitivity.

目的 了解从化地区儿童人冠状病毒((human coronavirus,HCoV)流行情况和临床特点,观察人冠状病毒分型OC43(HCoV-OC43)基因分布特点,探讨从化地区小儿呼吸道感染HCoV-OC43分离株与国内的HCoV-OC43分离株的同源性与基因分型,探讨HCoV-OC43与小儿呼吸道感染疾病的关系,为预防和控制呼吸道疾病提供依据。方法 本研究从化地区2017年1月—2019年6月门诊就诊的6个月~14岁的儿童610例,采集鼻咽拭子标本,病毒检测阳性的患者,这些标本取自患有急性上呼吸道感染或下呼吸道感染疾病的患者,表现出呼吸道感染的症状,例如发热(体温> 37.5℃)、咽痛、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽和咳痰等。采用荧光定量PCR方法,对HCoV-OC43病毒核酸进行分析和测序。采用直接免疫荧光法检测其他7种常见呼吸道病毒;包括:流感病毒 A、B型(influenza virus,IVA、B)、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 型 (parainfluenza virus, PIVⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ)、呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)、腺病毒(ad enovirus, ADV)共七种常见呼吸道病毒进行检测,通过HCoV-OC43和常见呼吸道病毒的病毒监测,找出从化地区呼吸道感染患儿HCoV-OC43的N蛋白编码基因的特征。结果 从化地区6月~14岁的呼吸道感染儿童610例,采集鼻咽拭子标本,病毒检测阳性的患者,分析了8种呼吸道病毒,重点分析HCoV-OC43的临床特点。从发病时间月份分布可以看出,人HCoV-OC43主要是在春季流行, HCoV-OC43全年均可检出,春季4月份和5月份检出率较高,冬季较低,但不同月份的检出率无差异。各种常见病毒的发病率,流感病毒A(IVA)111例(18.20%)、流感病毒B(IVB)61例(10.00%)、副流感病毒Ⅰ(PIVⅠ)42例(6.89%)、副流感病毒Ⅱ(PIVⅡ)34例(5.57%)、副流感病毒Ⅲ(PIVⅢ)77例(12.62%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)135例(22.14%)、腺病毒(ADV) 82例(13.45%),冠状病毒(HCoV-OC43)68例(11.14%)。呼吸道感染多为流感病毒(A+B)和副流感病毒(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)共325例(53.28%),其次是合胞病毒感染135例(22.14%),腺病毒(ADV) 82例(13.45%),冠状病毒感染最低68例(11.14%)。建立荧光定量PCR方法检测HCoV-OC43 病毒分离及基因分型测序,阳性PCR 产物测序,与HCoV-OC43中N 蛋白基因序列进行比较分析,该地区冠状病毒具有临床多样性,与国内已发表的菌株HCoV-OC43相比具有很高的同源性。结论 人冠状病毒OC43的检出率与以前的报道相符,未发现新的传染性冠状病毒,冠状病毒HCoV-OC43的流行趋势稳定,所有呼吸道感染者均表现出正常的呼吸道感染症状。常见呼吸道病毒检测, 对临床早期诊断和合理用药具有重要意义。

目的 研究在新型冠状病毒COVID-19疫情期间,政府采取的干预措施对医院检测的流行性感冒(简称流感)阳性率的影响,为制定流感预防措施提供依据,也为间接评价新型冠状病毒的预防效果提供参考。方法 回顾性收集广州市第一人民医院总院2018—2020年年廿三至正月十五期间的流感抗原检测数据,对政府干预前后的流感抗原检测阳性率进行分析比较。结果 在春节前后,2018年和2019年的流感检测阳性率总体上维持稳定。其中,2018年春节前后,流感阳性率在15.6%～46.5%范围内波动,2019年春节前后,流感阳性率在11.9%～30.4%范围内波动。2020年同期的流感阳性率变化曲线与前两年不同,在正月初四前曲线变化较为稳定,维持在20.0%～44.1%范围内。在正月初四后曲线呈现显著下降趋势,在正月十二和正月十五,流感检测阳性率变为0。进一步的分析表明,政府干预对流感阳性率的影响无性别差异,对5～64岁人群效果最佳。结论 当前针对新型冠状病毒COVID-19的政府干预措施能显著降低流感阳性率,预防流感的发生,也为预防同样以呼吸道传播为主的新型冠状病毒的传播提供了间接证据。

Objective The aim of the study was to study the effect of government interventions on the positive rate of influenza detected in Guangzhou First People's Hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19, and to provide a basis to develop prevention measures against influenza and a reference for the indirect evaluation of the preventive effect of COVID-19. Methods Influenza antigen detection data of Guangzhou First People's Hospital were collected retrospectively from 23rd of the 12th lunar month to 15th of the 1st lunar month in 2018—2020, and the positive rates of influenza antigen detection before and after the government intervention were analyzed and compared. Results The positive rates of influenza were generally stable in 2018 and 2019 before and after the Spring Festival, where the positive rate fluctuated in the range of 15.6%～46.5% in 2018, and the positive rate fluctuates in the range of 11.9%～30.4% in 2019. The temporal change of the positive rate in 2020 was different from that of the previous two years. The positive rate curve was relatively stable before the fourth day of the first lunar month, maintaining a range of 20.0%～44.1% in 2020. After the fourth day of the first lunar month, the curve showed a significant downward trend. On the 12th and 15th day of the first lunar month, the positive rate of influenza became 0. Furthermore, the effect of government intervention on the positive rate of influenza showed no gender difference, and the effect was significant for people aged 5～64 years. Conclusion The current government intervention measures against COVID-19 could significantly reduce the positive rate of influenza, prevent the occurrence of influenza, and provide indirect evidence for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19, which was also mainly spread by respiratory tract.

目的 探讨广州市第一人民医院2008—2019年所有就诊的肿瘤患者的具体情况,研究各类肿瘤的发病趋势和危害程度,为制定预防措施和工作重点提供依据。方法 根据广州市恶性肿瘤病例登记报告系统数据,对2008—2019年在广州市第一人民医院就诊的23 778例肿瘤病例从基本情况、肿瘤部位和随访情况等几方面进行回顾性统计分析。结果 2008—2019年位列前三位的肿瘤分别是结直肠癌、肺癌和肝癌,甲状腺癌占比呈明显上升趋势。30岁以下年龄组肿瘤种类以白血病为主,30～60岁年龄组肿瘤种类以结直肠癌为主,60岁以上年龄组肿瘤种类以肺癌为主。甲状腺癌的预后最好,胰腺癌的预后最差。纯手术组疗效最佳。结论 在广州地区合理优化资源进行重点肿瘤的筛查,才可以有限降低罹患肿瘤的风险,提高肿瘤患者生命质量。

Objective The aims of study were to explore the situation of all patients with cancer in Guangzhou First People's Hospital from 2008 to 2019, to find the incidence trends and hazards of different types of tumors, and to provide evidence for developing preventive measures. Methods According to the data of the Guangzhou tumor case report system, a retrospective statistical analysis was performed on the basic situation, tumor location and follow-up of 23 778 tumor cases in Guangzhou First People's Hospital from 2008 to 2019. Results The top three tumors in 2008—2019 were colorectal cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer. The tumor types under 30 years old were leukemia, the tumor types in the 30-60 age group were colorectal cancer, and the tumor types above 60 years old were mainly lung cancer. The prognosis for patients with thyroid cancer was the best, and the prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer was the worst. The effect of the operation group was the best. Conclusion Rational optimization of resources for screening key tumors could reduce tumor incidence and improve the quality of life of cancer cases in Guangzhou area.

目的 本研究通过调查中国华南地区一间大型医疗机构(综合医院)中护士日间过度嗜睡的发生率及相关影响因素。方法 纳入了1 102名在职护士要求他们在一段规定的时间内完成一份自我报告问卷,其中包括人口学资料采集、生活习惯(BMI、小睡习惯、打鼾等)、失眠、抑郁、焦虑、MEQ分型、倒班、工作兴趣等与工作及睡眠相关的特征。了解EDS在被试人群中的发生率及其影响因素。结果 共有1 048名护士有效的完成了问卷(应答率为95.1%)。其中169名(16.1%)护士存在日间过度嗜睡(EDS)。抑郁症状(校正后的OR值= 2.24,95%的可信区间 1.51～3.31)、焦虑症状(1.65; 1.02～2.67)、失眠(2.29; 1.56～3.36)、倒班工作(1.98; 1.03～3.83)和对工作的低兴趣(1.74; 1.01～2.99)是EDS发生的独立危险因素。结论 日间过度嗜睡(EDS)在华南地区的综合医疗机构中的青年护士群体中普遍存在。EDS的发生可能与抑郁症状、焦虑症状、失眠、倒班工作和对工作的低兴趣存在相关。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness EDS in a population of hospital nurses in South China. Methods A total of 1 102 nurses working in a large medical center were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study (females 96.9%,mean age 29.6 years). They all completed a self-reported questionnaire consisting of items on demographic variables,lifestyle factors,insomnia,anxiety,depression,and both work-related and sleep related characteristics. Results A total of 1 048 nurses gave a valid response (response rate 95.1%). Among them,169 (16.1%) reported EDS as defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Scale≥14. Depression (adjusted odds ratio=2.24,95% confidence interval 1.51～3.31),anxiety (1.65; 1.02 ～2.67),insomnia (2.29; 1.56～3.36),rotating shift work (1.98; 1.03～3.83) and low interest in work (1.74; 1.01～2.99) were all independent risk factors of the occurrence of EDS. Conclusion EDS were common among this relatively young and healthy nurse population in south China. There were clear associations with EDS and depression,anxiety,insomnia,rotating shift work and low work-related interest.

目的 了解血脂异常在青少年人群中的分布及影响因素。方法 以江门市棠下中学1 449名学生为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查、InBody人体成分仪检测和实验室检查。结果 血脂异常总检出率是8.3%,高胆固醇(TC)、高甘油三脂(TG)、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症的检出率分别为8.3%、7.8%、10.6%和7.2%,女生血脂异常检出率(26.4%)高于男生(19.8%)(P<0.001);多因素分析显示性别(参照男性,OR=1.39,95%CI=1.08~1.80)和体脂百分比(参照正常组,超重、肥胖和重度肥胖组OR和95%CI分别OR = 1.62 / 2.89 / 4.45,95% CI = 1.13~2.32 / 1.85~4.51 / 2.48~7.96)与血脂异常间存在统计学关联(P<0.05)。结论 性别、体脂百分比是青少年血脂异常的影响因素。相对于青少年男生,青少年女生检出血脂异常的比例更高,体脂百分比高的青少年血脂异常的风险更高。

Objective To study the distribution and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among teenagers. Methods A questionnaire survey,InBody body composition test and laboratory examination were conducted on 1 449 students from the Tangxia Middle School in Jiangmen city as study objects. Results The total detection rate of dyslipidemia was 8.3% and the detection rates of high total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 8.3%,7.8%,10.6% and 7.2%,respectively. The detection rate of dyslipidemia among teenage girls (26.4%) was higher than that among teenage boys (19.8%) (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that gender (with reference to male,OR=1.39,95%CI=1.08-1.80) and body fat percentage (with reference to normal group,for overweight,obesity and severe obesity groups,OR=1.62,2.89,4.45 and 95%CI=1.13-2.32,1.85-4.51,2.48-7.96,respectively) were statistically related to dyslipidemia (P<0.05). Conclusion Gender and body fat percentage are the influencing factors of dyslipidemia among teenagers. Compared with teenage boys,the teenage girls have a higher detection percentage of dyslipidemia. Teenagers with higher percentage of body fat show a higher risk of dyslipidemia.

目的 分析超声引导下经皮肾穿刺活检术对弥漫性肾病进行病理诊断的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析我院275例弥漫性肾病患者经超声引导下行经皮肾穿刺活检术进行诊断的情况,针对上述患者的穿刺活检情况、穿刺满意度、取材成功率、并发症发生状况、弥漫性肾病病理分型结果以及术后诊断更正的情况进行分析。结果 275例患者穿刺满意度、取材成功率、并发症总发生率分别为94.91%,100%、10.91%。275例患者术后并发症的发生与年龄、穿刺次数、肾实质厚度、术前血肌酐水平有关。275例患者以膜性肾病、IgA肾病居多,分别占比23.27%、18.55%。275例患者术后诊断更正率为19.79%。结论 超声引导下经皮肾穿刺活检术是一种安全有效的弥漫性肾病诊断方法,其术后并发症发生率较低且较轻。在弥漫性肾病病理分型诊断中以膜性肾病、IgA肾病的发病率较高。超声引导下经皮肾穿刺活检术可早期诊断弥漫性肾病的病理类型,为确定治疗方案提供可靠依据,改善肾脏疾病的预后。

Objective To analyze the clinical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy for pathological diagnosis of diffuse renal disease. Methods Retrospective analysis of 275 patients with diffuse renal disease in our hospital underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy for diagnosis. According to the above-mentioned patients' biopsy status,puncture satisfaction,success rate of material extraction,complications,and diffuse results of pathological typing of nephropathy and correction of postoperative diagnosis were analyzed. Results The satisfaction rate of puncture,the success rate of material extraction and the total incidence of complications were 94%,100%,and 10.91%,respectively. The incidence of postoperative complications in 275 patients was related to age,number of punctures,thickness of renal parenchyma,and preoperative serum creatinine levels. Membrane nephropathy and IgA nephropathy were the most common in 275 patients,accounting for 23.27% and 18.55% respectively. The correction rate of postoperative diagnosis in 275 patients was 19.79%. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy is a safe and effective method for diagnosing diffuse nephropathy,and the incidence of postoperative complications is low and mild. Membrane nephropathy and IgA nephropathy have a higher incidence in the diagnosis of diffuse nephropathy. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy may early diagnose the pathological type of diffuse renal disease,provide a reliable basis for determining the treatment plan,and improve the prognosis of renal disease.