目的 分析血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和同型半胱氨酸与脑梗死的关系。方法 择取2018年9月—2019年8月本院收治的脑梗死患者135例设为观察组,同期本院参与体检的健康志愿者135例为对照组,两组受试者均开展血液检测,收集并分析临床资料。结果 观察组性别、平均年龄、吸烟、fib水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率、TG、LDL-C、sdLDL-C、Lp-PLA2、FBG、Hcy、D-D水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组TC、HDL-C、PT、APTT、TT水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05);按照NIHSS＜4分、4～15分、≥16分分成轻度组(甲组,n=53)、中度组(乙组,n=49)、重度组(丙组,n=33);甲组、乙组及丙组,两两亚组比较LDL-C、HDL-C、Hcy、sdLDL-C、Lp-PLA2、D-D、PT、APTT、TT及FBG,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);甲组、丙组饮酒率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);甲组与丙组、乙组与丙组冠心病患病率、Fib水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和同型半胱氨酸与脑梗死有一定关联。

Objective To analyze the relationship of serum small and dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol and homocysteine in cerebral infarction. Methods 135 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from September 2018 to August 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 135 healthy volunteers who participated in physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Results There were no significant differences in sex, average age, smoking, fib level between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, TG, LDL-C, SDLDL-C, LP-PLA2, FBG, Hcy and D-D in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The TC, HDL-C, PT, APTT and TT levels in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). According to NIHSS<4 points, 4~15 points and ≥16 points, the patients were divided into mild group (group A, n=53), moderate group (group B, n=49) and severe group (group C, n=33). Ldl-c, HDL-C, Hcy, SDLDL-C, LP-PLA2, D-D, PT, APTT, TT and FBG were compared in group A, group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of drinking rate between group A and group C was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of coronary heart disease prevalence and Fib level between group A and group C, group B and group C was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Small and dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol and homocysteine are associated with cerebral infarction.

目的 探讨p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测对HSIL+病变诊断的临床价值。方法 募集2017年3月—2020年8月期间,于中山市博爱医院妇产科就诊,组织学证实为宫颈炎患者209例、LSIL患者169例、HSIL患者131例和宫颈癌患者86例作为研究对象,回顾分析研究对象术前细胞学样本p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA检测结果,纵向比较p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测在不同级别宫颈病变的阳性率的差异,横向比较p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测在相同宫颈病变的阳性率的差异,综合评估p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测诊断HSIL+病变效能的差异。结果 ①纵向比较:p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测阳性率随宫颈病变程度的加重呈趋势性升高(p16/Ki-67染色:χ²=374.34,P<0.001;HPV E6/E7mRNA检测:χ²=289.21,P<0.001;联合检测:χ²=343.90,P<0.001)。②横向比较:在宫颈炎、LSIL、宫颈癌组,p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测阳性率之间差异均不具有统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在HSIL组,p16/Ki-67染色和联合检测之间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.09,P=0.004); HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测之间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.30,P=0.001)。③p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测诊断HSIL+的灵敏度,总体差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.69,P=0.021)。p16/Ki-67染色与联合检测法之间的灵敏度差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.29,P=0.007);HPV E6/E7mRNA检测与联合检测法之间的灵敏度差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.84,P=0.028)。p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA和联合检测诊断HSIL+的特异度及符合率的总体差异不具有统计学意义(χ²₁=5.38,P₁=0.068;χ²₂=0.93,P₂=0.628)。结论 p16/Ki-67染色、HPV E6/E7mRNA 和联合检测均可有效筛出HSIL+病变,但是联合检测能显著提高HSIL+病变诊断的灵敏度,降低漏诊率,同时保持了较好的特异度和符合率,建议将p16/Ki-67染色和HPV E6/E7mRNA联合检测作为早期诊断HSIL+病变的策略。

Objective To investigate the clinical value of p16/Ki-67 staining E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection in the diagnosis of HSIL+ lesions. Methods From March 2017 to August 2020,209 cases of cervicitis,169 cases of LSIL,131 cases of HSIL and 86 cases of cervical cancer confirmed by histology were selected as the research objects. The results of p16/Ki-67 staining and HPV E6/E7 RNA detection of the preoperative cytological samples were retrospectively analyzed and the p16/Ki-67 staining and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection results were compared longitudinally. The positive rates of E6/E7mRNA and combined detection in different grades of cervical lesions were compared.The positive rates of p16/Ki-67 staining,HPV E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection in the same cervical lesions were compared horizontally.The differences in the diagnostic efficacy of p16/Ki-67 staining,HPV E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection in the diagnosis of HSIL+lesions were comprehensively evaluated. Results ①Longitudinal comparison:the positive rates of p16/ Ki-67 staining, HPV E6/E7mRNA and combined detection increased with the severity of cervical lesions(p16/Ki-67 staining:χ²=374.34,P<0.001;HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection:χ²=289.21,P<0.001;joint detection:χ²=343.90,P<0.001). ②Transverse comparison: in cervicitis, LSIL and cervical cancer groups,there were no significant differences in the positive rates of p16/Ki-67 staining, HPV E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection (all P>0.05). In the HSIL group,there was significant difference in the positive rate between p16/Ki-67 staining and combined detection (χ²=8.09,P=0.004)and the difference between HPV E6/ E7 mRNA and combined detection was statistically significant(χ²=11.30,P=0.001). ③The sensitivity of p16/Ki-67staining,HPV E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection in the diagnosis of HSIL+ was statistically significant(χ²=7.69,P=0.021). The sensitivity difference between p16/Ki-67 staining and combined detection was statistically significant(χ²=7.29,P=0.007);the sensitivity difference between HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection and combined detection method was statistically significant (χ²=4.84,P=0.028). There was no significant difference in the specificity and coincidence rate of p16/Ki-67 staining,HPV E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection in the diagnosis of HSIL+(χ²₁=5.38,P₁=0.068;χ²₂=0.93,P₂=0.628). Conclusion P16/Ki-67 staining,HPV E6/E7 mRNA and combined detection may effectively screen out HSIL+ lesions,reduce the missed diagnosis rate, but the combined detection may significantly improve the sensitivity of diagnosis of HSIL+ lesions, while maintaining good specificity and coincidence rate.It is suggested that p16/Ki-67 staining and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection should be used as a strategy for early diagnosis of HSIL+ lesions.

目的 评价口服核苷类似物富马酸丙酚替诺福韦治疗宫颈持续性高危型人乳头瘤感染患者的疗效。方法 本回顾性研究中,将同一亚型高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染超过1年患者随机分为两组,治疗组给予口服富马酸丙酚替诺福韦,25 mg,每天一次,连续3个月;对照组给予宣教说明,无特殊处理。于入组后第3个及第6个月随诊。检测患者宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染的变化,同时观察宫颈细胞学、阴道镜Reid评分及宫颈组织病理学变化。结果 宫颈持续性高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染者共82例,分为两组:治疗组42例,对照组40例。均完成随访。在治疗结束时、治疗结束后3个月,治疗组清除人乳头瘤病毒的有效率分别为 52.38% 和 61.90%,优于对照组20.00%(P＜0.05)和30.00% (P＜0.05);治疗结束时、治疗结束后3个月,治疗组细胞学异常的缓解率分别为66.67%和77.78%,优于对照组22.22%(P＜0.05)和33.33%(P＜0.05);治疗组中Reid评分3分及其以上者例数较对照组少(2 vs 10,P＜0.05),且Reid评分较基线明显下降(P＜0.05),对照组Reid评分无显著变化(P＞0.05)。6个月时治疗组中宫颈上皮内瘤变I级者组织学缓解率优于对照组(72.72% vs 35.00%,P＜0.05)。随访期间无严重不良反应。结论 口服富马酸丙酚替诺福韦可有效清除宫颈持续性高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染,且安全、临床可行。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nucleoside analogues Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) therapy for cervical high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 82 patients with persistent cervical HR-HPV infection were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (42 patients) administered orally TAF (25mg, once daily, 3 months). The control group (40 patients) received no treatment. All patients were followed up for 6 months. HPV testing, ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), and Reid colposcopic index (RCI) grading were performed for both groups. Results HR-HPV remission rates were 52.38% and 61.9% in the treatment group at the 3-and 6-month follow-up, respectively, whereas 20% and 30% in the control group at the 3-and 6-month follow-up visits. Conversion rates of abnormal TCT results were 66.67% and 77.78% in the treatment group at two follow-up visits. In contrast, the control group showed remission rates at 22.2% and 33.3%, respectively. There were 2 and 10 patients with grade of 3-4 or higher at the treatment group and the control group at the 6-month visit, respectively. RCI scoring was declining obviously at 6 months in the treatment group (P<0.05), whereas the control group showed no significantly difference. 16 of 22 (72.72%) patients with CINⅠin the treatment group were alleviated at 6-month visit compared to 35% in the control group(P<0.05). No serious adverse events happened during the treatment and follow up. Conclusion Tenofovir alafenamide is an effective, safe and accessible treatment for cervical HR-HPV infection.

目的 观察电针联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗对卒中后抑郁伴失眠患者的疗效并探讨这种联合治疗的机制。方法 对83例PSD患者随机分为rTMS组28例、电针联合rTMS治疗组25例及药物治疗组30例。电针联合rTMS组在对患者进行rTMS治疗基础上予电针治疗2周,并常规给予选择性五羟色胺重摄取抑制剂(SSRI)草酸艾司西酞普兰抗抑郁药物治疗;rTMS组仅采用重复经颅磁刺激治疗2周;药物组给予同种抗抑郁剂治疗。三组于治疗前及治疗2周后接受17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和匹茨堡睡眠量表(PSQI)评估及多导睡眠监测(PSG)。结果 三组的HAMD评分、PSQI评分及睡眠参数在治疗基线水平均无明显差异。2周后不同治疗组间HAMD计分降低值总体差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。药物治疗组HAMD计分降低值小于rTMS组和电针联合rTMS组(P<0.05),电针联合rTMS组HAMD计分降低值大于药物组及rTMS组(P<0.05);组间PSQI计分降低值总体差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。电针联合rTMS组PSQI计分降低值大于药物组及rTMS组(P<0.05),而药物组及rTMS组之间的PSQI计分降低值无统计学差异(P<0.05);组间PSG中总睡眠时间(F=16.735,P<0.001)及睡眠效率(F=87.548,P<0.001)治疗前后差值总体差异有统计学意义。电针联合rTMS组总睡眠时间的改善优于药物组及rTMS组(P<0.01),而药物组及rTMS组之间总睡眠时间的改善无统计学差异(P<0.05);电针联合rTMS组睡眠效率的提高优于药物组及rTMS组(P<0.001),而药物组及rTMS组之间的睡眠效率的提高无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 电针联合rTMS治疗可显著改善PSD的抑郁情绪、睡眠质量及改善总睡眠时间及睡眠效率,效果优于药物治疗组及rTMS组,体现了电针联合rTMS对PSD治疗的增效作用。

Objective To investigate the effect of electric acupuncture combined with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of poststroke depression with insomnia and analyze the therapeutic mechanism of this method. Methods 83 patients with PSD were randomly divided into the group of electric acupuncture combined with rTMS (n=32), rTMS group (n=32) and drug treatment group (n=32). The patients in the group of electric acupuncture combined with rTMS were given with the electric acupuncture treatment for 2 weeks on the basis of rTMS treatment, and also were regularly and continuously administrated with antidepressant drug (escitalopram citalopram). The rTMS group were only given with rTMS for 2 weeks, and the patients of the drug treatment group were administrated with the same antidepressant. At the baseline and 2th week, the 17-item Hamilton depression scale (17-HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography (PSG) were evaluated. Results The sleep parameters, PSQI scores and HAMD scores among three groups had no significant difference at baseline. After 2 weeks, the overall difference of HAMD score reduction between different treatment groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The HAMD score reduction in the drug treatment group was less than that in the rTMS group and the electric acupuncture combined rTMS group (P<0.05), and the HAMD score reduction in the electric acupuncture combined rTMS group was greater than that in the drug group and the rTMS group (P<0.05). The overall difference of PSQI score reduction between groups was significant (P<0.05). The PSQI score reduction value of electric acupuncture combined with rTMS group was greater than that of the drug group and the rTMS group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the PSQI score reduction value between the drug group and the rTMS group (P<0.05). The overall difference of total sleep duration (F=16.735,P<0.001) and sleep efficiency(F=87.548,P<0.001) evalted by PSG among groups was significant. The changes of both the total sleep duration and sleep efficiency of electric acupuncture combined with rTMS group was greater than that of the drug group and the rTMS group (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference neither in the changes of total sleep duration nor sleep efficiency between the drug group and the rTMS group before and after treatment among the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture combined with rTMS treatment may improve the efficacy of depression, sleep quality, the total sleep duration and sleep efficiency of PSD, and the effect is better than that of the drug treatment group and the rTMS group, which reflects the synergic effect of electroacupuncture combined with rTMS on PSD treatment.

目的 观察低频电刺激治疗对脑卒中偏瘫疗效,并分析其对患者周围神经电生理学与形态学的影响。方法 选取本院94例脑卒中偏瘫患者,以数字表法随机分为两组,各47例,对照组接受基础康复治疗,实验组予以早期综合康复治疗(于对照组基础上进行低频电刺激治疗),比较两组治疗前后Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能(FMA)评分、关节(腕与踝)主动活动范围(AROM)、周围神经电生理学[感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)、动态肌电图]与形态学[腕横纹正中神经(MN)横截面积(CSA)、宽度(W)以及厚度(T)]。结果 实验组治疗后BBS评分、上肢与下肢FMA评分高于对照组(P＜0.05),腕与踝AROM大于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组治疗后腓总神经与胫神经SCV、MCV高于对照组(P＜0.05),肱二头肌与腓肠肌协同收缩率均低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组治疗前后MN的CSA、T比较无差异(P＞0.05),实验组治疗后MN的W大于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 低频电刺激联合早期综合康复治疗可有效提高脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡能力、关节活动度及上下肢功能,改善周围神经电生理学与形态学,减轻周围神经损伤。

Objective To observe the curative effect of low frequency electrical stimulation treatment on stroke hemiplegia, and analyze its influences on peripheral nerve electrophysiology and morphology of patients. Methods A total of 94 patients with stroke hemiplegia in the hospital were randomly divided into two groups by number table method, 47 cases in each group. The control group was given basic rehabilitation treatment, while experimental group was given early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment (low frequency electrical stimulation on basis of control group). The scores of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), joint (wrist, ankle) active range of motion (AROM), peripheral nerve electrophysiology [sensory conduction velocity (SCV), motor conduction velocity (MCV), dynamic electromyogram (EMG) ] and morphology [cross-sectional area (CSA) of carpal transverse median nerve (MN), width (W), thickness (T)] before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, scores of BBS, upper and lower limbs FMA in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), AROM of wrist and ankle was larger than that in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, SCV and MCV of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while co-contraction rates of biceps and gastrocnemius muscles were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Before and after treatment, there were no differences in CSA and T of MN between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, W of MN in experimental group was greater than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low-frequency electrical stimulation combined with early comprehensive rehabilitation therapy may effectively increase the balance ability, joint range of motion and upper and lower limb function of stroke patients with hemiplegia, improve peripheral nerve electrophysiology and morphology, and reduce peripheral nerve injury.

目的 分析脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)在SWI和CT中的影像学表现,比较SWI和CT两种检查方式在ICH及脑微小血管出血(cerebral microbleeds,CMBs)中的优势。方法 采用回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年12月在广州市第一人民医院收治的76例疑诊ICH患者行SWI及CT检查,对确诊为ICH及CMBs的病例数据进行统计。结果 SWI与CT在ICH诊断结果的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在CMBs诊断结果的比较中,SWI诊断准确率高于CT(P<0.05);另外在SWI与CT的联合检查中,诊断准确率高于SWI与CT独立检查。结论 脑出血患者的SWI和CT的影像表现均能将出血灶显示清楚,除此之外,SWI还能发现CT未能发现的有关血管的微小病灶。SWI作为一种新型技术,在ICH及CMBs方面起着至关重要的作用,与CT相辅相成。两者在医疗诊断中扮演着不可或缺的角色,为医疗的精准实施保驾护航。

目的 观察翘芩清肺剂中药免煎颗粒剂及饮片煎煮剂的体外抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌抑菌的效果,以评估其体外抑菌效果的差异,为翘芩清肺剂临床应用提供新的思路及科学依据。方法 使用KB试纸扩散法和改良液体稀释法观察翘芩清肺剂中药免煎颗粒剂和饮片煎煮剂对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 用KB法检测颗粒冲服剂和饮片煎煮剂金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度为1.38 g/mL(P<0.01);鲍曼不动杆菌最低抑菌浓度为2.75 g/mL(P<0.01)。用改良液体稀释法冲服剂金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度为10.0 g/mL(P<0.01);鲍曼不动杆菌最低抑菌浓度为5.5 g/mL(P<0.01)。煎煮剂两菌MIC均为5.5 g/mL(P<0.01)。饮片煎煮剂效果较冲服剂好(P<0.01)。结论 翘芩清肺剂中药免煎颗粒冲服剂及饮片煎煮剂均可有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的生长,饮片煎煮剂的抑菌效果比免煎颗粒剂较优;对鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌效果均较金黄色葡萄球菌弱,但无显著性差异性。

Objective To observe the antibacterial effects of Qiaoqinqingfei traditional Chinese medicine decoction and herbal concentrate-granules on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) in vitro. To assess the different antibacterial effects in vitro between them. It would provide a new idea and scientific basis for the clinical application of Qiaoqinqingfei Formula. Methods The KB test paper diffusion method and modified liquid dilution method were used to observe the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Qiaoqinqingfei traditional Chinese medicine decoction and herbal concentrate-granules on the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC19606. Results The MIC of SA and AB in the two form of Qiaoqinqingfei were 1.38 g/mL (P<0.01) and 2.75 g/mL(P<0.01) by the KB test paper diffusion method. The MIC of SA and AB in herbal concentrate-granules of Qiaoqinqingfei were10.0 g/mL (P<0.01) and 5.5 g/mL (P<0.01) by the modified liquid dilution method. And the MIC of SA and AB in decoction both were 5.5 g/mL (P<0.01) in traditional Chinese medicine decoction of Qiaoqinqingfei. Decoction was better than granules (P<0.01). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine decoction and herbal concentrate-granules of Qiaoqinqingfei may both effectively inhibited the growth of SA and AB. The bacteriostatic effect of decoction was better than decoction-free granules. The bacteriostatic effect of AB was weaker than Staphylococcus aureus, but there was no significant difference between them.

目的 了解城市围绝经期妇女绝经综合征的发生现状及分析相关影响因素,为进一步加强围绝经期妇女的保健工作提供理论依据。方法 纳入2019年2月—2020年2月就诊于广州市妇女儿童医疗中心中西医妇科门诊、天河及越秀区某社区的40～60岁女性共1 013名,采用问卷调查及Kupperman评分表收集出生日期,月经情况(初潮、绝经年龄等),孕产史,既往疾病史,身高、体质量,工作性质、家庭收入及个性等特征。结果 1 013例妇女的平均年龄是(47.70±4.95)岁,已绝经267例,未绝经女性中月经规律458例、月经紊乱288例,平均绝经年龄(49.49±3.26)岁。Kupperman评分超过15分(即诊断为绝经综合征)392 例(38.7%),其中轻度(15～20分) 222例(56.63%),中度(21～35分)162例(41.33%),重度(>35分)8例(2.04%)。多因素Logistic 回归分析表明,有慢性疾病较无慢性疾病史,月经紊乱、绝经较月经规律,家庭情况一般较和睦女性出现围绝经期症状风险升高,未观察到婚姻状况、个性特征、上班时长、社会适应、负性事件经历与围绝经期症状的出现相关。结论 广州城市存在绝经综合征的女性以轻中度为主,有慢性疾病、月经紊乱、绝经、家庭关系一般女性的绝经综合征发生风险较高,故应重视对全社会进行围绝经相关知识的宣教,重视家庭关系的和谐维护,当围绝经期妇女出现相关症状须及时寻求帮助,以保障广大围绝经期妇女顺利度过围绝经期阶段。

Objective To investigate the menopause symptoms and factors of the premenopausal women in urban areas, and thereby provide theoretical basis for their health care. Methods The research data was collected from 1 013 patients (age between 40-60) in the gynecology clinic and adult traditional Chinese medicine clinic in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and the communities in Tian'he and Yue'xiu during February 2019—February 2020. By applying the questionnaire and Kupperman score table, the survey was conducted on the dates of birth, menstruations, times of menarche and menopause, records on pregnancy and childbirth, previously diagnosed diseases, heights, weights, classifications of work, family incomes, and personalities, etc. Results The average age of the 1 013 women was 47.70±4.95. Among them, 267 were with menopause (happening in 49.49±3.26 years old), 458 had regular menstruation, while 288 were with menstrual disorder. In the Kupperman scale, the scores of 392 cases (38.7%) were above 15, which can be diagnosed with menopause symptoms. Among them, the majority (222 cases, 56.63%) were with slight symptoms (15-20 scores), followed by 162 cases (41.33%) with moderate symptoms (21-35 scores), and 8 cases (2.04%) with severe symptoms (above 35 scores) respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared with women having satisfactory family relationship, participants suffering from chronic diseases, menstrual disorder, and poor family relationships, had higher risks of perimenopause. However, it had no relations with the marital status, personalities, working hours, social adaptabilities, and negative life events. Conclusion Guangzhou urban women with menopause symptoms are mainly slight and moderate. Participants with chronic diseases, menstrual disorders and poor family relationships are at a higher risk of having menopause symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to popularize the knowledge of menopause in the society and attach importance to the maintenance of satisfactory family relationship. When perimenopausal women have relevant symptoms, they should seek medical help in time thus they can smoothly pass the peri-menopausal stage.

目的 通过对不同职业人群前列腺疾病患病情况及相关危险因素进行分析,探讨不同职业人群前列腺疾病的患病率及相关危险因素。方法 选择2019年1月—2019年12月在我院健康管理中心进行前列腺超声检查的不同职业人群3 219例,按其职业分为5类:医务人员、国企职工、私企职工、高校教职工和银行职工,分析不同职业人群前列腺疾病患病情况及其相关影响因素。结果 3 219例受检者中,前列腺疾病的患病率为43.96%,前列腺疾病患病率随着年龄的增长而升高(P＜0.001);20～29岁及30～39岁年龄组前列腺钙化患病率均高于其他三种类型前列腺疾病(P＜0.001),而60岁以上年龄组前列腺增生和合并两种及以上前列腺疾病患病率均高于其他两种类型前列腺疾病(P＜0.001);前列腺增生和合并两种及以上前列腺疾病的患病率均随着年龄的增长而递增(P＜0.001);不同职业人群前列腺疾病的患病率不同(P＜0.001),银行职工的前列腺疾病患病率最高,为52.36%;体质量指数升高组、血压升高组和血脂升高组的前列腺钙化患病率均高于其对应的正常组(P＜0.05);体质量指数升高组、血糖升高组、血压升高组和血脂升高组的前列腺增生患病率均高于其对应的正常组(P＜0.001)。结论 不同的职业群体前列腺疾病的患病情况不一样,体质量指数升高、血压升高、血脂升高及血糖升高等相关因素增加患前列腺疾病的风险,应加强前列腺疾病预防保健方面的健康宣传,提倡健康的生活方式,从而降低前列腺疾病的患病率。

Objective To study on epidemic situation of prostate disease and related risk factors in different occupational groups by analyzing the prevalence and related risk factors of prostate disease in different occupational groups. Methods 3 219 cases of five different occupations including medical staffs, state-owned enterprise staffs, private enterprise staffs,college staffs and bank staffs who had underwent prostate ultrasonography in the health management centre department of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019 were included as study objects to analyze the prevalence of prostate disease and its related factors in different occupational groups. Results The prevalence of prostate disease was 43.96% in 3 219 cases of different occupational groups, and the prevalence of prostate disease increased greatly with age(P＜0.001). The detection rates of prostate calcification in the age group of 20-29 and 30-39 were greatly higher than the other three types of prostate diseases(P＜0.001). The detection rate of BPH and with two or more prostate diseases in the age group over 60 years old was greatly higher than the other two types of prostate diseases(P＜0.001);The detection rates of BPH and with two or more prostate diseases were significantly increased with age (P＜0.001). There was an obvious difference inthe prevalence of prostate diseasesamong different occupational groups(P＜0.001). The prevalence of prostate disease in bank staffs was 52.36%, which was the highest among the five occupations. The prevalence of prostate calcification in the group with high body mass index, high blood pressure and high blood lipid were greatly higher than that of their normal group(P＜0.05). The prevalence of BPH in the group with high body mass index, high blood glucose, high blood pressure and high blood lipid were higher than that of their greatly normal group(P＜0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of prostate diseases is different among different occupational groups. Relative factors such as high body mass index, high blood glucose, high blood pressure and high blood lipid will increase the risk of prostate disease. By strengthening the health promotion of prostate disease prevention and health care, promoting a healthy lifestyle, it may reduce the prevalence of prostate disease.

目的 探讨继发性肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的临床特点及相关高危因素。方法 收集广州市胸科医院2017年7月—2019年10月收治的继发性肺结核患者资料,病程均大于3个月,分为真菌感染组106例和非真菌感染组100例进行回顾性分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示,合并肺部其他疾病、非初治、咯血、空洞、应用广谱抗生素>l周、侵袭性操作存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析结果显示,广谱抗生素使用>l周、侵袭性操作为真菌感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 对于应用广谱抗生素、进行侵袭性操作的肺结核患者应警惕真菌感染风险,及早预防及诊治。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and related high risk factors of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary fungal infection. Methods Data of patients with secondary tuberculosis admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were collected. All patients with a course of disease longer than 3 months were divided into the fungal infection group (n =106) and the non-fungal infection group (n =100) for retrospective analysis. Results Univariate analysis results showed that there were statistical differences in combined other pulmonary diseases, non-initial treatment, hemoptysis, cavity, application of broad-spectrum antibiotic > for 1 week, and invasive operation (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that >1 week of broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures were independent risk factors for fungal infection (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with tuberculosis who are treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures should be alert to the risk of fungal infection, early prevention and treatment should be undertaken.