目的 探讨原发性脾脏肿瘤的诊断与治疗。方法 选取2006年1月—2014年12月期间收治的58例原发脾脏肿瘤患者进行临床观察。结果 脾脏良性肿瘤45例,其中脾血管瘤21例,脾囊肿11例,脾淋巴管瘤8例,脾脏窦岸细胞血管瘤3例,脾错构瘤1例,脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化1例;脾脏恶性肿瘤13例,其中脾脏B细胞淋巴瘤11例,脾脏霍奇金淋巴瘤及脾脏血管肉瘤各1例。B超和CT是主要的检查方法。全组行脾切除术51例,其中开腹脾切除术23例,腹腔镜脾切除术28例;部分脾切除术5例;脾切除+胰腺体尾部切除术2例。所有病例无手术并发症。术后随访9个月~9年,平均随访时间(43.8±21.3)个月,41例脾脏良性肿瘤患者预后良好,无复发和转移;11例脾脏恶性肿瘤患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为81.8%、63.6%和27.2%。结论 原发性脾脏肿瘤的诊断主要依靠临床表现和影像学检查。手术切除不仅是脾脏肿瘤一种有效的治疗手段,也是重要的确诊方法。脾脏局限性良性肿瘤可选择部分脾切除术以保留脾脏功能。早期手术及术后联合放化疗可改善脾脏恶性肿瘤的预后。
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary splenic tumor. Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with primary splenic tumor from January 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 45 cases were benign splenic tumor, including 21 hemangioma, 11 splenic cyst, 8 lymphangioma, 3 littoral cell angioma, 1 hamartoma and 1 sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen. 13 cases were malignant splenic tumor, including 12 lymphoma and 1 angiosarcoma. Ultrasound and CT were the main diagnostic methods. 51 cases underwent splenectomy, including 23 open splenectomy and 28 laparoscopic splenectomy. 5 cases underwent partial splenectomy and 2 splenectomy combined distal pancreatectomy. There had no postoperative complications. The follow-up period was 9 months to 9 years. 41 cases with benign splenic tumor had no recurrence or metastasis. The 1-, 3-, 5-years survival rate were 81.8%, 63.6% and 27.2% respectively of 11 patients with malignant splenic tumor. Conclusion The diagnostic of primary splenic tumor mostly rely on clinical features and imagic examination. Surgical resection is not only an effective treatment, but also a confirmed diagnosis method for primary splenic tumor. Partial splenectomy is a reasonable procedure for local benign splenic tumor. Early surgery, combined adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are important for improving the prognosis of malignant splenic tumor.
目的 探讨年轻恶性肿瘤化疗女性的发病情况及保留生育功能和卵巢功能的意义。方法 回顾性分析和总结在我院行化疗的17～40岁年轻恶性肿瘤女性患者的年龄、肿瘤类别、构成等临床资料。结果 5年间在我院化疗的1261例女性恶性肿瘤患者中,年龄15～40岁者共786例(占62.3％),其中乳腺癌355例、大肠癌89例、白血病80例、宫颈癌67例、卵巢癌46例、恶性淋巴瘤39例,胃癌38例,肺癌30例,肝癌18例。15～25岁年龄段的女性恶性肿瘤化疗以白血病和卵巢癌为主。随年龄增长,大部分女性恶性肿瘤化疗的发生率增高。结论 15～40岁年轻恶性肿瘤化疗女性中乳腺癌占首位,其次为大肠癌、白血病和宫颈癌。保留年轻患者卵巢功能和生育功能的保守治疗具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of malignant tumor in young women receiving chemotherapy aged from 15 to 40 and investigate the role of conservative treatment. Methods The clinical data of female aged from15 to 40 years old who were received chemotherapy in our hospital between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 786 cases were identified from 1261 cases of malignant tumor receiving chemotherapy. Including 355 cases of breast cancer,89 cases of colorectal cancer,80 cases of leukemia,67 cases of cervical carcinoma,46 cases of ovarian cancer,39 cases of lymphoma,38 cases of gastric cancer,30 cases of lung cancer and 18 cases of liver cancer. Leukemia and ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumor in young female between 15 to 25 years old. The cases of malignant tumor receiving chemotherapy increased with increasing age. Conclusion Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in young female receiving chemotherapy, followed by colorectal cancer, leukemia, and cervical carcinoma. It is very important to conserve young women's ovary function and fertility function.
目的 探讨微泡增强的超声空化对荷瘤兔乳腺癌的治疗效果。方法 建立兔VX2乳腺癌模型,肿瘤兔随机分成两组,超声微泡组及单纯超声组,各组于治疗前及治疗后分别行超声造影,分析造影前后肿瘤灌注情况。结果 超声微泡组治疗前后造影灰阶值改变明显,造影灰阶值从治疗前的(20.26±2.59)降至(3.71±1.61)(P<0.01);而单纯超声组肿瘤造影灰阶值无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 微泡增强的超声空化对荷瘤兔乳腺癌有一定的治疗效果。
Objective To investigate the treatment effect of microbubbles-enhanced ultrasound cavitation on VX2 breast tumor in rabbits. Methods The rabbit model of VX2 breast tumor were established. The rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, microbubbles-enhanced ultrasound (US+MBs) group and standard ultrasound (US) group. The VX2 breast tumor perfusion were imaged and assessed using contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CUES) before and after treatment. Results The contrast enhanced grayscale value (GSV) of VX2 breast tumors decreased significantly in the US+MBs group, from 20.26±0.59(before treatment) to 3.71±.761 (after treatment)(P<0.01). While there was no significance of GSV before and after treatment (P>0.05) in the US group. Conclusion Microbubble-enhancement ultrasound cavitation has a certain therapeutic effect on the VX2 breast tumor in rabbits.
目的 调查盐酸氨溴索对放射性肺损伤中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-a)水平的影响。方法 选取共98例在放射治疗局部晚期肺癌患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。自放疗开始予治疗组中患者盐酸氨溴索口服,剂量60 mg,每天三次,持续应用3个月。然后对两组患者血浆中TGF-β1和TNF-α的水平进行分析。临床症状和病情变化情况采用高分辨率计算机断层扫描进行检测。结果 对照组中TGF-β1水平显著升高(11.8±5.5 ng/mL),而在盐酸氨溴索治疗组中,增加不显著(5.5±2.6 ng/mL,P＜0.001)。同样,对照组中TNF-α的水平也较治疗组中升高,(对照组:5.1±1.3,治疗组:2.6±0.8 ng/mL,P＜0.001)。结论 盐酸氨溴索能有效降低放疗后血浆TGF-β1及TNF-α水平,降低早期出现的放射性肺炎和晚期出现的肺纤维化发生机率,提高治疗效果及患者生活质量。
Objective The aim is to investigate the effect of ambroxol on radiation lung injury and the expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in plasma. Methods Ninety-eight patients with locally advanced lung cancer in radiotherapy were randomized into treatment and control groups.Patients in the treatment group took ambroxol orally at a dosage of 60 mg,three times per day for 3 months from the beginning of radiotherapy.The expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-αin plasma was analyzed.The clinical symptoms and lung diffusing capacity were monitored using high resolving power computed tomography. Results The level of TGF-β1 in the control group was increased(11.8 ± 5.5 ng/mL),whereas in ambroxol-treated patients,the increase was not significant(5.5 ± 2.6 ng/mL,P＜0.001). Radiotherapy-induced elevation of TNF-α levels,seen in control patients,was also abolished after treatment with ambroxol(5.1 ± 1.3 vs 2.6 ± 0.8 ng/mL,P＜0.001). Conclusion Ambroxol can obviously decrease the plasma TGF-β1 and TNF-α levels after radiotherapy,and decrease the chances of early radiation pneumonitis and late pulmonary fibrosis,and improve treatment effect and quality of life of patients.
目的 分析立体定向体部放射治疗(SBRJ)应用于孤立性肺肿瘤的疗效,探讨其临床价值。方法 采用拓能(TOPSLANE)全身X线立体定向放射治疗系统治疗15例孤立性肺肿瘤患者,其中I期非小细胞肺癌患者8例,单个肺转移瘤患者7例。单次剂量为5~8Gy／次,每天1次,每周3次,共8~10次,总剂量50~64Gy,生物有效剂量(BED)75~115Gy。分析治疗的近期疗效、急性放射损伤和局部控制率。结果 3例患者完全缓解(20.0%),10例患者部分缓解(66.7%),2例患者病灶稳定(13.3%),没有疾病进展的患者。15例患者总有效率为86.7%(13/15)。BED<90Gy的患者有效率为33.3%,而BED>90Gy的患者有效率为100%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。3例患者出现2级急性放射损伤,未见3级以上毒副反应。1年和2年局控率分别为92.3%和81.2%。结论 SBRT治疗孤立性肺肿瘤可获得较好的近期疗效和局部控制率,急性放射损伤较轻。
Objective To analyze the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) onsolitary pulmonary tumor and explore its clinical value. Methods TOPSLANE X-ray stereotactic body radiation therapy system was used for treatment of fifteen patients with solitary pulmonary tumor, including eight patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer and seven patients with single lung metastasis. Fraction dose of 5 to 8Gy was prescribed once a day, three times a week, totally 8 to 10 times to a total dose of 50 to 64 Gy and biological effective dose(BED) of 75 to 115Gy. Short-term efficacy, acute radiation injury and local control rate were analyzed. Results After treatment, there were three patients with complete response (CR) (20.0%), ten patients with partial response (PR) (66.7%), tow patients with stable disease (SD) (13.3%), and no patients with progressive disease (PD). The total response rate was 86.7% (13/15). The response rate was 33.3% in patients with BED <90 Gy, while it was 100% in patients with BED> 90 Gy, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Grade 2 acute radiation injuries were observed in three patients, and no toxicity greater than grade 3 was observed. The 1-year and 2-year local control rate was 92.3% and 81.2%, respectively. Conclusion SBRT on solitary pulmonary tumor has good short-term efficacy and local control rate with mild acute radiation injury.
目的 评估重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体抗体融合蛋白（rhTNRF：Fc）治疗难治性慢性痛风性关节炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法 选取2022年1月一2023年12月广州中医药大学顺德医院风湿科门诊收治的46例难治性痛风性关节炎患者,分为观察组和对照组两组,对照组规范使用降尿酸药物治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合使用rhTNRF：Fc至少12周,在0、12、24、48周观察两组的血尿酸（sUA）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、关节肌肉骨骼超声变化、痛风发作例数、肝肾功能等指标。结果 观察组与对照组sUA无明显差别（P>0.05）,TNF-α水平明显下降（P<0.05）,滑膜炎、关节积液影像表现减少（P<0.05）,痛风发作例数明显减少（P<0.05）,观察期间肝肾功能正常,无患者因不良反应退出研究。结论 rhTNRF：Fc对难治性慢性痛风性关节炎安全有效。
Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human type II tumor necrosis factor receptor-antibody fusion protein（rhTNRF：Fc）in refractory chronic gouty arthritis. Methods From January 2022 to December 2023, 46 cases of refractory chronic gouty arthritis in the Rheumatology Outpatient Department,Shunde Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group received routine treatment,while the observation group received rhTNRF：Fc treatment additionally for at least 12 weeks, two groups of indicators such as serum urine acid（sUA）, TNF-α, changes in musculoskeletal ultrasound,number of gout attacks,hepatic and renal function at 0, 12, 24, and 48 weeks were observed. Results There was no significant difference in sUA between the observation group and the control group（P>0. 05）, TNF-α significantly decreased（P<0. 05）, synovitis and joint effusion imaging manifestations reduced（P<0. 05）, number of gout attacks decreased（P<0. 05）. During the observation period, liver and kidney function were normal, and no patients withdrew from the study due to adverse reactions. Conclusions Using rhTNRF：Fc is safe and effective in treating refractory chronic gouty arthritis.
与正常组织细胞微环境相比,肿瘤微环境具有一定的异质性,包括偏酸性、氧化还原状态失衡、存在高浓度活性氧以及酶过量表达等。根据以上肿瘤微环境特点,可设计出一系列通过各种特殊微环境响应型连接臂相连的小分子或聚合物前药纳米粒。其中,多柔比星阿霉素作为一类最常见的广谱抗肿瘤药物在治疗肿瘤的过程中发挥重要作用。文章探讨了在肿瘤微环境特异性的生理状态下针对不同微环境所设计的多柔比星前药及其释放特性等,归纳总结了肿瘤微环境响应型多柔比星前药的研究进展。
Compared with normal tissue cell microenvironment, there is some differences in tumor microenvironment, such as partial acidity, imbalance of redox state, high concentration of reactive oxygen species and cathepsin. According to the above characteristics of tumor microenvironment, a series of small molecule or polymer prodrug nanoparticles connected by various special microenvironment responsive structures can be designed. Doxorubicin, as one of the most common broad-spectrum antitumor drugs, plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. This review discusses the doxorubicin prodrug designed for different tumor microenvironments under the physiological state of tumor microenvironment specificity and their release characteristics, and summarizes the research progress of tumor microenvironment-responsive doxorubicin prodrug.
肿瘤治疗仍然是生物医学研究的一个突出领域。围绕各种化学治疗（化疗）药物和其他治疗药物的不良反应和靶向疗效的研究推动了各种药物载体的发展。这些载体聚焦于提高肿瘤部位的药物浓度，最大限度地减少全身不良反应，并改善治疗效果。在已报道的递送系统中，可注射水凝胶由于其微创的药物递送特性，已成为化疗药物体内递送的重要载体形式。文章系统地总结了可注射水凝胶的类型和特征，并进一步概括了可注射水凝胶装载药物的方式，同时深入讨论可注射水凝胶在治疗肿瘤的各种药物的递送应用。文章对原位注射水凝胶在治疗肿瘤方面存在的潜在性挑战和可能的解决方案提供了动态前瞻性的参考。可注射的水凝胶作为药物传递系统用于肿瘤治疗具有良好的发展前景。
Tumor treatment remains a prominent area of biomedical research．The researches surrounding the adversereactions and targeted efficacy of various chemotherapy drugs and other therapeutic drugs have driven the development of various drug carriers．These carriers focus on increasing drug concentration at tumor site，minimizing systemic adverse reactions，and improving treatment outcomes．In the reported delivery systems，injectable hydrogels have become an important carrier for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo due to their minimally invasive characteristics．This review systematically summarized the types and characteristics of injectable hydrogels，and further summarized their drug loading methods．At the same time，the application of injectable hydrogels in the delivery of various drugs for tumor treatment was discussed in depth．This review provides dynamic and prospective reference for the potential challenges and possible solutions of the in situ injectable hydrogels for tumor therapy．Injectable hydrogels as drug delivery systems are with good prospects for tumor treatment．
长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸转录本，通过调控DNA、RNA及蛋白质的表达和功能，参与肿瘤发生、发展并发挥重要作用的RNA，近年来lncRNA成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断和预后标志物研究新的关注方向。Linc-UBC1作为一种新发现的lncRNA，在多种恶性肿瘤如肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、食管鳞癌等中异常高表达，可通过作为竞争性RNA（ceRNA）、参与信号通路等促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期进展、细胞凋亡和上皮间充质转化（EMT）等过程；高表达的linc-UBC1能够增加恶性肿瘤的耐药性，其表达水平与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和原发肿瘤远处转移呈正相关；linc-UBC1有望成为许多恶性肿瘤的新型的生物标志物、预后预测因子和治疗靶点，但其具体的调控机制仍处于研究的早期阶段，有待进一步深入研究。文章就目前linc-UBC1在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的作用研究进展进行综述。
Long non-coding RNA（lncRNA）is a class of transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides．It isinvolved in the occurrence and development of tumors and plays an important role by regulating the expression and function of DNA，RNA and protein．In recent years，lncRNA has become a new research direction for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors．As a newly discovered lncRNA，linc-UBC1 is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as lung cancer，gastric cancer，colorectal cancer，cervical cancer，ovarian cancer，and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma．It can promote the proliferation，migration，invasion，cell cycle progression，cell apoptosis and EMT of tumor cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA（ceRNA）and participating in signaling pathways．High expression of linc-UBC1 can increase the drug resistance of malignant tumors，and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor stage，lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of primary tumors．linc-UBC1 is expected to become a new biomarker，prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for many malignant tumors，while its specific regulatory mechanism is still in the early stage of research and needs further in-depth study．This article reviews the current research progress of linc-UBC1 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors．
