目的 探讨广州市公职人员中眼睑黄色瘤（XP）患病情况与生化检验指标异常的相关性。方法 从2018年来广州市干部和人才健康管理中心体检的公职人员中选取1 090例，其中筛选患XP人员545例，作为病例组，依性别、年龄分层随机抽取的未患XP的人员作为对照组，测定空腹血糖、血脂、甲状腺功能等生化指标，采用回顾性病例对照研究的方式，比较两组相关指标水平。P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 XP的患病率为0.94%（男性为0.89%，女性为1.01%）。男性和女性的XP患病率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.142，P=0.143）。两组间体质量、舒张压、血脂等多项指标上的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。高体质量（OR=1.021，95%CI：1.004~1.038，P=0.017）、高舒张压（OR=1.019，95%CI：1.004~1.035，P=0.011）、低高密度脂蛋白（OR=6.127，95%CI：2.568~14.619，P＜0.001）、高低密度脂蛋白（OR=2.084，95%CI：1.456~2.981，P＜0.001）是患病的危险因素。结论 广州市公职人员中XP的患病率男性和女性接近；高体质量、高舒张压、高密度脂蛋白水平降低、低密度脂蛋白水平升高是患XP的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the correlation between xanthelasma palpebrarum（XP）and abnormal biochemical indices in healthy individuals in Guangzhou，China．Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted，selecting 1 090 individuals from a total of 58 053 who underwent health examinations at the Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Centre in 2018．The case group consisted of 545 individuals diagnosed with XP，while the control group included age- and sex-matched individuals without XP，randomly selected from the same database．Biochemical indices analyzed included fasting blood glucose，blood lipids，liver and kidney function，thyroid indicators，body weight，and blood pressure．Statistical significance was set at P＜0.05．Results The prevalence of XP was 0.94%（0.89% in men and 1.01% in women）．No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of XP between men and women（χ2=2.142，P=0.143）．Similarly，no significant differences were observed in thyroid-stimulating hormone（P=0.937），free triiodothyronine（P=0.216），free thyroxin（P=0.206），or fasting blood glucose levels（P=0.668）between the case and control groups．However，significant differences were noted in body weight，diastolic blood pressure，blood lipid levels，and liver and renal biochemical indicators between the two groups（P＜0.05）．Specifically，higher body weight（OR=1.021，95%CI：1.004–1.038，P=0.017），higher diastolic blood pressure（OR=1.019，95%CI：1.004–1.035，P=0.011），lower high-density lipoprotein（OR=6.127，95%CI：2.568–14.619，P＜0.001），and higher low-density lipoprotein（OR=2.084，95%CI：1.456–2.981，P＜0.001）were identified as risk factors for XP．Conclusions The prevalence of XP did not differ between males and females．However，high body weight，high diastolic blood pressure，low high-density lipoprotein，and high low-density lipoprotein are risk factors for XP．
目的 分析乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染患者并发2型糖尿病（T2DM）相关风险因素。方法 研究收集2024年1月~2025年5月期间，于周口市传染病医院（周口市结核病防治所、周口市第五人民医院）接受治疗的HBV感染患者临床资料，共纳入患者95例，根据HBV感染后是否并发T2DM分组，合并T2DM患者纳入并发组（n=21），非合并T2DM患者纳入对照组（n=74），比较两组患者基线资料及实验室检查数据，逻辑回归分析HBV感染患者并发T2DM风险因素。结果 并发组年龄、体重指数（BMI）、甘油三酯（TG）高于对照组（P＜0.05），年龄≥45岁、BMI肥胖、HBV感染时间≥6个月、TG≥1.7mmol/L、吸烟、乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性及纤维化-4（FIB-4）指数≥2.67例数占比高于对照组（P＜0.05）。年龄≥45岁[OR=21.599（95%CI：2.875-162.262）]、BMI（肥胖）[OR=16.729（95%CI：1.443-193.981）]、HBV感染时间≥6个月[OR=6.199（95%CI：1.101-34.904）]、吸烟[OR=9.429（95%CI：1.344-66.141）]、TG≥1.7mmol/L[OR=71.834（95%CI：7.060-730.897）]是HBV感染患者并发T2DM危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 HBV感染患者并发T2DM受人口学特征年龄、BMI、临床病程HBV感染时间、共病血脂异常及生活方式吸烟的共同影响。
Abstract: Objective To analyze risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Clinical data were collected from HBV-infected patients treated at the Zhoukou City Infectious Disease Hospital (Zhoukou City Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute)between January 2024 and May 2025. A total of 95 patients were included in the study, Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of T2DM following HBV infection. Patients with T2DM were included in the T2DM group (n=21), while those without T2DM were included in the control group (n=74). Baseline characteristics and laboratory test data were compared between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the development of T2DM in HBV-infected patients. Results The age, body mass index (BMI), and triglycerides (TG) in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); The proportion of cases with age ≥45 years, obese BMI, HBV infection duration ≥6 months, TG ≥1.7 mmol/L, smoking, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, and a FIB-4 score ≥2.67 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Age ≥ 45 years [OR = 21.599 (95% CI: 2.875–162.262)], BMI (obesity) [OR = 16.729 (95% CI: 1.443–193.981)], duration of HBV infection ≥ 6 months [OR = 6.199 (95% CI: 1.101–34.904)], smoking [OR=9.429 (95% CI: 1.344–66.141)], and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L [OR=71.834 (95% CI: 7.060–730.897)] were risk factors for T2DM in patients with HBV infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion The development of T2DM in patients with HBV infection is influenced by a combination of demographic factors (age and BMI), clinical course (duration of HBV infection), comorbid dyslipidemia, and lifestyle factors (smoking).
目的 探讨广州市越秀区青少年近视特点和危险因素,为降低青少年近视发病率提供参考依据。方法 本项目采用分层随机整群抽样的研究方法,抽取分布于广州市越秀区2 774名青少年作为研究对象,根据近视检查情况将其分为近视组（n=1 657）与非近视组（n=1 117）,通过问卷调查的方式,分析青少年近视整体现况、流行病学特征以及影响青少年近视发生、发展的相关行为和因素。结果 2 774名青少年中,1 657名近视,检出率为59.73%;其中女生为872名,多于男生的785名;幼儿园、小学生、初中生、高中生近视人数分别为20名、446名、484名、707名,呈升高趋势。学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的影响因素（P<0.05）。广州市越秀区青少年近视程度均与学段、校外用眼环境、电子屏幕使用情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近距离用眼情况呈正相关（P<0.05）,与校内用眼环境、读写姿势、近视检查及矫治情况呈负相关（P<0.05）。对不同预后组间存在统计学差异的因素进行Logistic多因素分析后得到,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的相关影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 广州市越秀区青少年近视发生人群呈现高龄化,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是青少年近视的相关影响因素,建议加强组织学生到户外进行多种课间户外体育活动,同时鼓励家长在校外从自身做起,树立爱眼护眼好榜样,与学校共同保护孩子的视力。
Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of myopia among adolescents in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou,and to provide reference for reducing the incidence of myopia among adolescents．Methods This project adopted stratified random cluster sampling to select 2 774 adolescents distributed in Yuexu District,Guangzhou as the research objects,which were divided into myopia group（n=1 657）and non-myopia group（n=1 117）according to the myopic examination．Through questionnaire survey,the overall situation and epidemiological characteristics of myopia among adolescents in our district were comprehensively known,in order to explore the related behaviors and factors affecting the occurrence and development of myopia among adolescents in our district,explore reasonable intervention measures,and put forward scientific and effective myopia prevention and control technical means and strategies．Results Among 2 774 adolescents,1 657 were nearsighted（59.73%）．Among them,872 were female and 785 were male．The number of myopia in kindergarten,primary school,middle school and high school students were 20,446,484 and 707 respectively,showing an increasing trend．School period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,situations of electronic screen use,close distance eye use,outdoor activities and sleep,myopia examination and correction were the relevant influencing factors on myopia of adolescents in Yuexui District of Guangzhou（P<0.05）．The myopia degree of adolescents in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou was positively correlated with school period,out-of-school eyes use environment,electronic screen use,outdoor activities and sleep conditions,and close distance eyes use（P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with in-school eyes use environment,reading and writing posture,myopia examination and correction conditions（P<0.05）．After Logistic multivariate analysis of the factors with statistical difference between different prognostic groups,school period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen use,close distance eyes use,outdoor activities and sleep conditions,myopia examination and correction were the relevant influencing factors on myopia of adolescents in Yuexui District of Guangzhou（P<0.05）．Conclusions In Yuexiu District,Guangzhou,the population with myopia is gradually moving to a younger age．School period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen use,close distance eyes use,outdoor activities and sleep condition,myopia examination and correction are the relevant influencing factors．It is recommended to strengthen the organization of students to go outdoors for a variety of outdoor sports activities between classes,while encouraging parents to set a good example of eye care outside the school and work with the school to protect their children’s eyesight．
目的 调查儿童川崎病（KD）冠状动脉损伤发生情况,并进行危险因素分析。方法 选择2018年1月—2022年12月在泉州市妇幼保健院儿童医院诊治的KD儿童782例为研究对象,所有患儿在入院时均给予超声检查,判定冠状动脉损伤情况,调查所有患儿的一般资料,进行危险因素分析。结果 782例患儿中,超声判断为冠状动脉损伤171例,占比21.9%（冠脉损伤组）,无冠状动脉损伤611例（无冠脉损伤组）。冠脉损伤组的皮疹、肢端硬性红肿、球结膜充血、杨梅舌等临床表现占比分别为83.6%、67.8%、86.0%、81.9%,高于无冠脉损伤组的63.5%、49.7%、62.5%、65.3%（P<0.05）。冠脉损伤组与无冠脉损伤组的性别、年龄、血红蛋白、血红细胞沉降率（ESR）等比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,冠脉损伤组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、白细胞计数（WBC）、D-二聚体（D-D）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、血小板计数（PLT）、发热时间与无冠脉损伤组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,WBC、D-D、CRP、PCT、PLT、发热时间均为川崎病患儿发生冠状动脉损伤的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 KD儿童中,冠状动脉损伤发生率较高,可导致患儿临床特征多样化,加重患儿的病情,WBC、D-D、CRP、PCT、PLT、发热时间为导致冠状动脉损伤发生的影响因素。
Objective To investigate the incidence of coronary artery injury in children with Kawasaki disease（KD）and analyze the risk factors．Methods From January 2018 to December 2022,782 children with KD diagnosed and treated in Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital were selected as the study subjects．All the children were given ultrasound examination on admission to determine the coronary artery injury level．The general information of all the children was investigated and the risk factors were analyzed．Results Among the 782 children,171 cases（21.9%）were diagnosed as the“coronary artery injury group”．The remaining 611 patients did not exhibit any coronary artery injury and were thus categorized as the“no coronary artery injury group”．The clinical manifestations incidences of rashes,hard red swelling of extremity,bulbar conjunctival congestion and bayberry tongue in the coronary injury group were 83.6%,67.8%,86.0% and 81.9%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the non-coronary injury group（63.5%,49.7%,62.5% and 65.3%,P<0.05）．There were no significant differences in gender,age,hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the coronary injury group and the no coronary injury group（P>0.05）．There were significant differences in alanine aminotransferase,white blood cell count（WBC）,D-dimer（D-D）,C-reactive protein（CRP）,procalcitonin（PCT）,platelet count（PLT）and fever duration between the two groups（P<0.05）．Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that WBC,D-D,CRP,PCT and PLT were all important factors leading to coronary artery injury（P<0.05）．Conclusions The incidence of coronary artery injury in children with KD is relatively high,which can lead to the diversification of clinical features and disease aggravation of children．WBC,D-D,CRP,PCT,PLT and fever duration are important risk factors for the occurrence of coronary artery injury．
目的 研究影响新生儿低血糖的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析新生儿科570例新生儿的临床资料,其中新生儿低血糖组190例,正常血糖组新生儿380例,采用Logistic回归分析新生儿低血糖相关危险因素。结果 单因素Logistic回归分析显示,新生儿体质量减轻、早产、新生儿呼吸衰竭、新生儿呼吸窘迫、新生儿感染、母亲分娩年龄增大、经产妇、剖宫产、双胎、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病是新生儿低血糖发生的危险因素（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早产（OR=2.115,95%CI：1.186~3.772）、剖宫产（OR=6.92,95%CI：4.202~11.397）是新生儿低血糖发生的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 早产、剖宫产是新生儿低血糖发生的危险因素,应根据危险因素及时识别和治疗新生儿低血糖,为新生儿提供及时产后护理指导,以降低新生儿低血糖发生率。
Objective To study the relevant risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia．Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 570 newborns in neonatal pediatrics,including 190 cases in the neonatal hypoglycemia group and 380 cases in the normal blood glucose group．Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to neonatal hypoglycemia．Results Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal weight loss,premature,neonatal respiratory failure,neonatal respiratory distress,neonatal infection,the mother’s age of delivery,multipara,cesarean section,twins,pregnancy diabetes,pregnancy hypertension were the risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia,all of which had statistical significance（all P<0.05）．In multivariate Logistic regression analysis,premature（OR=2.115,95% CI：1.186-3.772）and cesarean section（OR=6.92,95% CI：4.202-11.397）were risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia（both P<0.05）．Conclusions Premature and cesarean section are risk factors for the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the local area．Timely identification and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia based on risk factors,providing timely postpartum nursing guidance for newborns,can reduce the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia．
目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）住院患者口腔功能状态现状及影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,选择2022年9月—2023年7月在深圳市龙岗区某三甲医院呼吸内科、胸外科的老年COPD住院患者191例作为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、日常生活自理能力评估量表（BADL）、反复唾液吞咽试验（RSST）、改良版呼吸困难量表（mMRC）、改良版Beck口腔评分量表进行调查及评估。采用单因素分析老年COPD住院患者口腔功能状态的影响因素,采用Logistic回归分析老年COPD住院患者口腔功能状态的影响因素。结果 191例老年COPD患者中,入院时、住院第3天（D3）、住院第5天（D5）、出院的Beck口腔评分分别为（10.79±2.51）,（10.91±2.82）,（11.21±2.30）,（10.83±2.55）分,比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,COPD患者在D3、D5、出院时,Beck口腔功能状态的影响因素有：年龄、性别、婚姻状况、牙齿缺失情况、抽烟史以及生活自理能力影响,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟状况、牙齿缺失数量、生活自理能力是COPD住院患者口腔功能状态的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 老年COPD患者口腔卫生状况较差,且受到年龄、吸烟情况、牙齿缺失、生活自理能力的影响,应采取针对性预防和干预策略,改善老年COPD住院患者的口腔卫生状况,以降低COPD患者发生并发症的风险。
Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of oral function in hospitalized patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）．Methods A total of 191 patients with COPD who were hospitalized in the Respiratory Department and Thoracic Surgery Department of a hospital in Longgang,Shenzhen from September 2022 to July 2023 were selected by convenience sampling．The general data questionnaire,the Barthel index of activity of daily living（BADL） the repetitive saliva swallowing test（RSST）,modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale（mMRC）,the Modified Beck Oral Assessment Scale（BOAS）were used for investigation and evaluation．Single factor analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of oral function status in elderly COPD patients,and logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting oral function status in elderly COPD patients．Results Among 191 elderly patients with COPD,the BOAS scores were（10.79±2.51）,（10.91±2.82）,（11.21±2.30）,（10.83±2.55）at admission,the 3rd day,the 5th day and discharged day,respectively,with no statistical significance．The results of univariate analysis indicated that the independent risk factors of Beck oral function status in COPD patients at D3,D5 and discharge were gender,age,marital status,tooth loss,smoking history and Barthel index score,and the differences were statistically significant（P <0.05）．Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age,smoking status,tooth loss and Barthel index score were independent risk factors for oral function status in hospitalized patients with COPD（P<0.05）．Conclusions Elderly patients with COPD have poor oral health status,which is affected by patient's age,smoking history,tooth loss and self-care ability．Targeted prevention and intervention strategies should be adopted to improve the oral health status of hospitalized patients with COPD,so as to reduce the COPD patient's risk of complications．
目的 分析早期活动康复对机械通气患儿肌力的影响,探讨影响肌力的相关因素。方法 采取回顾性研究,选择2021年4月—2023年4月医院收治的104例机械通气患儿临床资料,根据康复方法分为两组,其中采取常规康复训练的52例患儿为对照组,采取早期活动康复的52例患儿为观察组。两组均连续干预至出院,比较两组患儿的机械通气、住ICU、总住院时间、不同时点（转出ICU时、出院时、出院1个月）的肌力及Barthel日常生活能力（Barthel）评分;参照《中国重症肌无力诊断和治疗指南（2015年简版）》中诊断标准,评估机械通气患儿获得性肌无力（AW）发生情况。统计并比较两组基线资料,采用二元Logistic回归分析机械通气患儿AW发生的影响因素。结果 观察组的机械通气、住ICU及总住院时间[（7.28±2.47）d、（15.27±3.64）d、（27.08±5.68）d]均短于对照组[（10.64±3.39）d、（17.74±3.55）d、（32.57±6.14）d]（P<0.05）;与转出ICU时、出院时相比,两组出院1个月时英国医学研究委员会（MRC）肌力评定法评分升高,且观察组转出ICU时、出院时MRC评分[（53.57±5.13）分、（56.84±2.16）分]均高于对照组[（50.13±4.57）分、（53.67±2.42）分],两组组间·时点交互比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与转出ICU时、出院时相比,两组出院1个月时Barthel评分升高,且观察组转出ICU时、出院时Barthel评分[（65.03±12.47）分、（90.58±7.59）分]均高于对照组[（55.25±11.12）分、（84.13±9.62）分],两组组间·时点交互比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;住院期间104例机械通气患儿发生AW 31例,发生率29.81%,AW组机械通气时间、营养风险筛查量表2002（NRS）评分[（11.84±4.19）d、（3.07±1.04）分]高于非AW组[（8.18±2.26）d、（1.61±0.75）分],且有创机械通气模式、使用罗库溴铵患儿[77.42%（24/31）、32.26%（10/31）]占比均高于非AW组[53.42%（39/73）、13.70%（10/73）]（P<0.05）;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,机械通气时间长、有创机械通气模式、使用罗库溴铵、NRS评分高是机械通气患儿AW发生的危险因素（OR>1,P<0.05）。结论 早期活动康复能够有效缩短机械通气患儿患儿通气时间及住院时间,改善肌力,提高生活自理能力,同时机械通气时间、创机械通气模式、使用罗库溴铵、NRS评分与机械通气患儿肌力下降有关。
Objective To analyze the effect of early mobilization and rehabilitation on muscle strength in children with mechanical ventilation and to explore the risk factors affecting muscle strength．Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 104 children with mechanical ventilation admitted to the hospital from April 2021 to April 2023．According to the rehabilitation methods,they were divided into two groups．The clinical data of children with routine rehabilitation training were included in the control group（52 cases）,and the clinical data of children with early mobilization and rehabilitation were included in the observation group（52 cases）．Both groups were continuously intervened until discharged．The mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay and total hospital stay were compared between the two groups．Muscle strength and self-care ability at different time points（transfer out of ICU,discharge,1 month after discharge）,the incidence of acquired weakness（AW）in children with mechanical ventilation were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria in the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis． Baseline data was collected and compared between the two groups．Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of AW in children with mechanical ventilation．Results The mechanical ventilation time,ICU and total hospitalization time in the observation group[（7.28±2.47）d,（15.27±3.64）d,（27.08±5.68）d] were shorter than those in the control group[（10.64±3.39）d,（17.74±3.55）d,（32.57±6.14）d]（P<0.05）．Compared with those at the time of transfer out of ICU and discharge,the Medical Research Council（MRC）scores of the two groups increased at 1 month after discharge,and the MRC scores of the observation group at the time of transfer out of ICU and discharge[（53.57±5.13）,（56.84±2.16）] were higher than those of the control group[（50.13±4.57）,（53.67±2.42）]．There were significant differences between the two groups,time points and between groups · time points（P<0.05）．Compared with those at the time of transferring out of ICU and at discharge,the Barthel scores of the two groups increased at 1 month after discharge,and the Barthel scores of the observation group at the time of transferring out of ICU and at discharge[（65.03±12.47）,（90.58±7.59）] were higher than those of the control group[（55.25±11.12）,（84.13±9.62）]．There were significant differences in Barthel scores between the two groups,time points and groups · time points（P<0.05）．AW occurred in 31 of 104 children with mechanical ventilation during hospitalization,with an incidence of 29.81%．The mechanical ventilation time and Nutritional Risk Screening（NRS）score in the AW group[（11.84±4.19）d,（3.07±1.04）] were higher than those in the non-AW group[（8.18±2.26）d,（1.61±0.75）]．The proportion of children with invasive mechanical ventilation mode and the use of rocuronium[77.42%（24/31）,32.26%（10/31）] were higher than those in the non-AW group[53.42%（39/73）,13.70%（10/73）]（P<0.05）．Binary logistic regression analysis showed that long mechanical ventilation time,invasive mechanical ventilation,use of rocuronium and high NRS score were risk factors for AW in children with mechanical ventilation（OR>1,P<0.05）．Conclusions Early mobilization and rehabilitation can effectively shorten the ventilation time and hospitalization time of patients with mechanical ventilation,improve muscle strength and improve the ability of self-reliance．At the same time,mechanical ventilation time,mechanical ventilation mode,use of rocuronium and NRS score are related to the decrease of muscle strength in children with mechanical ventilation．
目的 分析早产儿发生新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的临床特点及危险因素。方法 选取2021年3月—2023年3月在濮阳市人民医院出生的早产儿160例,根据有无NEC分为NEC组（40例）和非NEC组（120例）,总结和比较两组患儿的临床资料,分析早产儿NEC的危险因素。结果 NEC组早产儿的发病时间主要集中在出生后的3~21 d,平均发病时间为（12.84±3.5）d。主要临床症状包括肉眼便血23例（57.5%）、腹胀31例（77.5%）、呕吐18例（45.0%）、呼吸暂停7例（17.5%）、肠穿孔9例（22.5%）。Logistic回归分析发现,败血症、输血、呼吸窘迫综合征及新生儿窒息是早产儿发生NEC的危险因素（P<0.05）,而预防应用益生菌以及母乳喂养是NEC的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 NEC的主要临床表现包括肉眼便血、腹胀、呕吐、呼吸暂停、肠穿孔等;患儿出现NEC与败血症、输血、呼吸窘迫综合征及新生儿窒息等因素相关;母乳喂养和益生菌的应用是其保护因素。
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）in premature infants. Methods A total of 160 premature infants born in Puyang People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected and divided into NEC group（40 cases）and non-NEC group（120 cases）according to the presence or absence of NEC．The clinical data were obtained and compared between the two groups．The clinical data of two groups were compared,and the related risk factors of NEC in premature infants were analyzed and summarized. Results The onset time of NEC premature infants is mainly between 3-21 days after birth,with an average onset time of（12.84±3.5）days．The main clinical symptoms included 23 cases（57.5%）of bloody stool,31 cases（77.5%）of abdominal distension,18 cases（45.0%）of vomiting,7 cases（17.5%）of apnea,and 9 cases（22.5%）of intestinal perforation．Logistic regression analysis found that sepsis,blood transfusion,respiratory distress syndrome,and neonatal asphyxia were risk factors for NEC in premature infants（P<0.05）,while prophylactic use of probiotics and breastfeeding were protective factors for NEC（P<0.05）. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of NEC include bloody stool,abdominal distension,vomiting,apnea,intestinal perforation,etc．NEC in infants is related to sepsis,blood transfusion,respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal asphyxia．Breastfeeding and the application of probiotics are its protective factors．
目的 上消化道出血发作急、变化快,具有较高的危险性,本研究目的在于分析急性上消化道出血患者的临床特征及危险因素,为临床诊治提供参考。方法 将2019年1月—2021年2月年我院的242例疑似急性上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,收集患者的年龄、性别、是否有长期抽烟史、饮酒史,是否有合并症以及并发症等一般资料,运用单因素分析其临床特征,运用多因素Logistic回归分析其独立危险因素。结果 患者年龄、长期饮酒史、消化性溃疡、门脉高压、急性胃黏膜病变、服用阿司匹林(ASA药物)、Hp感染等临床特征与急性上消化道出血具有相关性,与患者的性别、长期抽烟史不具有相关性;年龄、消化性溃疡、门脉高压、服用ASA药物、Hp感染是急性上消化道出血的危险性因素。结论 急性上消化道出血病势程度较重,死亡率高,出血需及时针对性治疗;对于急性上消化道出血高危患者,严密监测病情变化,评估其风险系数。
Objective Upper gastrointestinal bleeding has a high risk because of its rapid change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 242 patients with suspected acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2021 were selected as the research objects. The general data such as patients' age, gender, whether they had a long-term history of smoking or drinking, whether they had complications and data of complications were collected. The clinical characteristics were analyzed by univariate analysis, and the independent risk factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Age, long-term drinking history, peptic ulcer, portal hypertension, acute gastric mucosal lesions, taking aspirin (ASA drugs), Hp infection and other clinical characteristics were correlated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but gender and long-term smoking history were not. Age, peptic ulcer, portal hypertension, taking ASA drugs and Hp infection were the risk factors of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusion The acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious disease, with high mortality, and the bleeding needs timely targeted treatment. For patients with high-risk acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, closely monitor the changes of the disease and evaluate the risk coefficient are needed.
目的 探讨老年吸入性肺炎的危险因素,建立风险预测模型,以期降低老年吸入性肺炎的发病率。方法 选取2017年8月28日—2020年 10月30日广州市第一人民医院老年病科住院治疗的老年肺炎患者205例,按照是否发生吸入性肺炎分为吸入性肺炎组和非吸入性肺炎组,对比2组患者的各项指标,分析老年吸入性肺炎的危险因素,建立风险预测模型,采用ROC曲线对模型进行预测效果检验。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,脑梗塞、帕金森、留置胃管、长期卧床为老年吸入性肺炎的危险因素(P<0.05)。模型公式为Logit(P)=-2.952+1.221X2+2.417X3+2.388X8+1.683X10。该模型ROC曲线下面积为0.894。结论 本研究中的模型预测效果良好,可为医护人员预测老年患者发生吸入性肺炎的概率,及时采取相应的预见性护理及干预性治疗。
Objective To explore the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly and establish the risk prediction model, in order to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. Methods A total of 205 elderly patients with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the department of geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital from August 28, 2017 to October 30, 2020, were divided into aspiration pneumonia group and non-aspiration pneumonia group according to whether aspiration pneumonia occurred. The indicators of the two groups of patients were compared, the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly were analyzed, the risk prediction model was established, and the prediction effect of the model was tested by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cerebral infarction, Parkinson's disease, indwelling nasogastric tube, and being bedridden were risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients (P<0.05). The model formula was Logit (P)=-2.952+1.221X2+2.417X3+2.388X8+1.683X10. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.894. Conclusion The prediction effect of the model in this study was good, which could predict the probability of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients for medical staff, and to timely take the corresponding predictive care and interventional treatment.
