目的 探究质控预警系统在重症患儿连续性血液净化治疗的应用效果。方法 随机选取于2020年1月—2021年12月在我院进行连续性血液净化治疗的共80例重症患儿作为本次研究对象,将80例患儿随机分成研究组和对照组,对照组进行常规护理,研究组则在常规护理的基础上行预警系统质量控制,对比2组患儿连续性血液净化治疗时长及报警频次、2组患儿在不同治疗时间段内滤器凝血发生率、2组非计划下机发生情况及2组患儿家属的护理满意度。结果 研究组平均报警频次为(8.60±3.35),低于对照组(16.52±7.41)的报警频次。而研究组的治疗时长(32.54±6.73 h)较对照组(21.38±5.61 h)延长,研究组患儿在进行连续性血液净化治疗的过程中,在8小时至24小时之间及大于24小时滤器的凝血发生率低于对照组,研究组和对照组护理满意度分别为92.50%和75.00%,对比差异显著。结论 在对重症患儿进行连续性血液净化治疗过程中应用质控预警系统具有较高的临床使用价值,不仅可以有效降低报警频次及滤器凝血发生率,而且对延长治疗时间有显著的促进作用,值得在今后的治疗过程中大力推广。

Objective To explore the application effect of quality control early warning system in continuous blood purification treatment of critically ill children.Methods A total of 80 critically ill children who underwent continuous blood purification treatment in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were randomly selected as the research object, and were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group received routine nursing,and the observation group received early warning system quality control on the basis of routine nursing.The duration and alarm frequency of continuous blood purification treatment,the incidence of filter coagulation in different treatment periods,the occurrence of unplanned quitting and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared.Results The average alarm frequency of the observation group was (8.60±3.35),which was significantly lower than that of the control group (16.52±7.41).However,the treatment duration of the observation group (32.54±6.73 h) was significantly longer than that of the control group (21.38±5.61 h).During continuous blood purification treatment,the incidence of blood coagulation in the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the nursing satisfaction of the observation group and the control group were 92.50% and 75.00% respectively,with significant differences.Conclusions The application of quality control early warning system in the continuous blood purification treatment of critically ill children has a high clinical value,which can not only effectively reduce the alarm frequency and the incidence of filter coagulation,but also significantly prolong the treatment time,and it is worth promoting in the future treatment process.

目的 分析肺炎支原体RNA实时荧光恒温扩增技术(MP-SAT)作为肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿疗效监测指标的可行性。方法 选择2017年10月—2018年10月我院儿科收治的因CAP住院的患儿178例为研究对象,其中MPP组80例,非MPP组98例,分别检测血清MP抗体(MP-Ab)和咽拭子MP-RNA,对两种方法检测结果进行统计学分析,以MP-Ab检测为诊断MPP的参照试验,分析MP-SAT诊断MPP的准确性,对MP-SAT和MP-Ab均阳性的MPP病例行动态观察,比较MP-SAT和MP-Ab在患儿不同治疗时间点的检出率,分析MP-SAT转阴时间与临床痊愈时间的相关性,分析MP-SAT转阴时间与MPP患儿临床症状、实验室指标及X线胸片的相关性。结果 MP-SAT和MP-Ab结果不一致的比例在MPP组和非MPP组分别为60.00% (48/80)和19.39%(19/98);MP-SAT、MP-Ab在特异性和阳性预测值方面,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);MP-SAT、MP-Ab在敏感度和阴性预测值方面,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MP-SAT、MP-Ab均为阳性28例(35.00%),MP-SAT阳性检出率随治疗时间的延长降低(P＜0.05),MP-Ab阳性检出率随治疗时间的延长升高(P＜0.05);28例临床痊愈时间为(3.11±0.88)周,MP-SAT转阴时间为(3.25±0.74)周,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MP-SAT转阴时间越长的病例表现为发热持续时间越长,X线胸片肺大片实变比例越高,CRP水平越高,LDH水平越高,中性粒细胞百分比越高,淋巴细胞百分比越低(P＜0.05)。结论 MP-SAT作为新一代RNA活菌检测技术在支原体肺炎患儿疗效监测中有较高的价值,值得推广。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-simultaneous amplification and testing (MP-SAT)as a monitoring index for children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods 178 hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)in our hospital from October 2017 to October 2018 were selected and divided into two groups, namely MPP group (n=80)and non-MPP group (n=98). Serum MP antibody (MP-Ab)and throat swab MP-RNA were detected separately. The MP-Ab test was used as a reference for the analysis of accuracy of MP-SAT for MPP diagnosis. The MPP patients with positive MP-SAT and positive MP-Ab were observed dynamically. The detection rates of MP-SAT and MP-Ab in different treatment time points were compared. The correlation of MP-SAT negative time with clinical recovery time, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and chest X-ray was analyzed. Results The ratio of inconsistent MP-SAT and MP-Ab results was 60.00% (48/80)and 19.39% (19/98)in the MPP group and the non-MPP group, respectively. The MP-SAT and MP-Ab were statistically different in terms of specificity and positive predictive value (P<0.05), while no difference was found in the sensitivity and negative predictive value (P>0.05). Both MP-SAT and MP-Ab were positive in 28 cases (35.00%). The positive rate of MP-SAT was decreased with the prolongation of treatment time (P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of MP-Ab was increased with the treatment time (P<0.05); the clinical recovery time of 28 cases was (3.11±0.88)weeks, and the MP-SAT negative time was (3.25±0.74)weeks, with no statistical difference (P>0.05). The long-term duration of MP-SAT was characterized by long duration of fever, high consolidation rate of X-ray chest radiograph, high CRP level, high LDH level, high percentage of neutrophils, and low percentage of lymphocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion MP-SAT, as a new generation of RNA live bacteria detection technology, has high value in monitoring the efficacy of Mycoplasma pneumonia in children, and it is worth promoting.

目的 探讨健康儿童的个体因素对超声测量下腔静脉内径的影响。方法 使用超声测量210例健康儿童的下腔静脉呼气末内径及腹主动脉内径,并记录他们的个体特征,包括性别、年龄、身高、体质量、腰围、体表面积等,进行相关与回归分析。结果 年龄、身高、体质量、腰围、体表面积与下腔静脉和腹主动脉内径呈正相关。年龄是女性儿童下腔静脉内径唯一的独立影响因素,身高是男性儿童下腔静脉内径唯一的独立影响因素。无论男性或女性,年龄是儿童腹主动脉内径的独立影响因素,而下腔静脉和腹主动脉内径的比值不受这些个体因素的影响。结论 下腔静脉和腹主动脉内径易受个体因素影响,而它们的比值不易受个体因素影响,可以更好的用于预测儿童的容量特征。

Objective To explore the impact of individual characteristics on inferior vena cava diameter ( IVC ) in healthy children. Methods IVC_max and abdominal aorta (AO) diameters were measured by ultrasound in 210 healthy children. The individual characteristics including gender, age,height,weight, waist circumference of each child were recorded. Then the surface area(BSA) and IVC_max/AO were calculated to discuss the relationship between them with multivariate analysis. Results Age, height, weight,waist circumference, and BSA were positively correlated with IVC_max and AO. Multivariate linear regression showed that age was the only independent variable for IVC_max in female children, height was the only independent variable for IVC_max in male children, and age was the only independent variable for AO in both females and males. IVC_max/AO was not significantly influenced by the subjects' characteristics. Conclusion IVC_max and AO were more susceptible to subjects' characteristics than IVC_max/AO. IVC_max/AO could be a reliable and practical parameter in children as it was independent of age, height, and weight.

目的 通过血常规分析和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平检测,探讨其对儿童甲型和乙型流感的辅助诊断价值,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法 选择3 069名甲型流感患儿、2 307名乙型流感患儿、855名健康儿童,统计分析血常规参数以及CRP水平。采用ROC曲线分析血常规对甲乙型流感的区分效能。结果 甲组白细胞计数(WBC)均值高于正常组,乙组则相反,甲乙组中性粒细胞百分比(Neut%)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞百分比比值(NLR)、单核细胞百分比(Mono%)的均值高于正常组,甲乙组淋巴细胞百分比(Lymph%)、血小板计数(PLT)的均值低于正常组。甲组中性粒细胞计数(Neut#)、单核细胞计数(Mono#)、CRP、PLT的均值均高于乙组,Lymph%和淋巴细胞计数(Lymph#)的均值低于乙组。甲组在WBC>13×10⁹/L、Neut%>70.7、Lymph%<19.1的构成比高于乙组。NLR预测甲型流感临界值为2.08(敏感度为75.9%,特异度为89.4%),预测乙型流感临界值为2.11(敏感度为50.5%,特异度为89.8%)。结论 血常规参数和CRP水平变化可用于判断流感患儿是否存在细菌感染,指导临床用药;NLR作为一种新型预测标志物,其变化可以对区分甲型、乙型流感,尤其是甲型流感具有临床价值。

Objective Through blood analysis and C-reactive protein (CRP) level detection, to explore its value in the auxiliary diagnosis of influenza A and B in children, and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods 3 069 children with influenza A, 2 307 children with influenza B, and 855 healthy children were selected, and blood routine parameters and CRP levels were statistically analyzed. The ROC curve was used to analyze the discriminatory efficacy of blood routine on influenza A and B. Results The mean value of white blood cell count (WBC) in group A was higher than that in normal group, but in group B it had the opposite result. The percentage of neutrophils (Neut%), the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR), and the percentage of monocytes (the mean value of Mono%) is higher than that of normal group, and the mean value of lymphocyte percentage (Lymph%) and platelet count (PLT) of group A and B is lower than that of normal group. The mean values of neutrophil count (Neut#), monocyte count (Mono#), CRP and PLT in group A were higher than those in group B, and the mean values of Lymph% and lymphocyte count (Lymph#) were lower than those in group B. The composition ratios of group A in WBC>13×10⁹/L, Neut%>70.7, Lymph%<19.1 were higher than that in group B. The NLR predicted the critical value of influenza A was 2.08 (sensitivity 75.9%, specificity 89.4%), and the predicted influenza B threshold value was 2.11 (sensitivity 50.5%, specificity 89.8%). Conclusion Changes in blood routine parameters and CRP levels can be used to determine whether there is a bacterial infection in children with influenza and to guide clinical medication; NLR as a new predictive marker, its changes can distinguish influenza A or B. Especially in influenza A determination, it has clinical value.

目的 探讨血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平对小儿急性肺炎的诊断价值。方法 选取2014年1月—2019年12月我院收治的小儿急性肺炎100例作为研究组,同时根据有无发生感染将其分为感染组(26例)与非感染组(74例),另外选择同期在我院检查的健康儿童100例作为对照组。比较感染组与非感染组血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平、感染组与对照组血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平、非感染组与对照组血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平。结果 感染组中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白高于非感染组(P＜0.05),两组血沉对比,无明显差异(P＞0.05);感染组中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白、血沉高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组中性粒细胞百分比、C-反应蛋白水平相比,无明显差异(P＞0.05),非感染组白细胞计数、血沉高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 小儿急性肺炎的诊断中,对小儿的血常规、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平进行检测对诊断疾病非常重要,值得临床使用。

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level in children with acute pneumonia. Methods A total of 100 cases of acute pneumonia in children admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were selected as the study group. At the same time, they were divided into an infected group (26 cases) and a non-infected group (74 cases) according to the presence or absence of infection. In addition, 100 healthy children examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Blood routine examination, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level were compared between infected and non-infected group; in infection and control group blood routine examination, ESR, C-reactive protein level were compared; in non-infection and control group blood routine examination, ESR, C-reactive protein level were compared. Results The percentage of neutrophils, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein in the infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two groups (P> 0.05). The percentage of neutrophils, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the infected group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of neutrophils and C-reactive protein levels between the two groups (P> 0.05), and the white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the non-infected group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion In the diagnosis of acute pneumonia in children, it is very important to detect the blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level in children, and it is worthy of clinical use.

目的 探讨无创血流动力学监测(non-invasive cardiac output monitoring,NICOM)在儿童脓毒性休克早期液体复苏的临床应用评价。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年6月期间在我院PICU患儿诊断为儿童脓毒性休克61例,随机分为对照组(未接受NICOM监测29例)和干预组(接受NICOM监测32例),记录液体复苏后6、12、24小时血气分析(pH值、剩余碱、乳酸)、尿量以及病死率、NICOM监测(CO、CI、SVR、SV、SVRI、HR、MAP)等结果。结果 液体复苏6 小时后两组HR、MAP、乳酸、剩余碱、尿量比较无统计学差异 (P>0.05),液体复苏12 h后干预组乳酸较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);液体复苏24 h后两组HR、MAP、乳酸、剩余碱及尿量比较,差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。干预组治疗后12 h在CO、CI、SVR、SV、SVRI、HR、MAP较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组治疗后24 h在CO、CI、SVR、SV、SVRI、HR、MAP较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 NICOM具有敏感度及准确率高,且操作简单,可有效用于指导脓毒性休克早期液体复苏,针对个体化治疗提供客观依据,正确指导容量管理,具有科学实用价值,值得推广。

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of non-invasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) for early fluid resuscitation in children with septic shock. Methods 61 children diagnosed with septic shock in the PICU at our hospital between January 2019 and June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group (29 without NICOM monitoring) and an intervention group (32 with NICOM monitoring), and the results of blood gas analysis (pH,lactate and residual base), urine volume, and mortality, and NICOM monitoring (CO, CI, SVR, SVRI, HR, and MAP) were recorded at 6, 12, and 24 h after fluid resuscitation. Results There was no statistically significant difference in HR, MAP, lactic acid, residual base and urine volume between the two groups after 6 h of fluid resuscitation (P>0.05), and lactic acid was lower in the intervention group than that in the control group after 12 h of fluid resuscitation (P<0.05); the differences in HR, MAP, lactic acid, residual base and urine volume between the two groups after 24 h of fluid resuscitation were all statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) in CO, CI, SVR, SVI, HR, and MAP at 12 h and at 24 h after treatment in the intervention group compared with that of the pre-treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion NICOM has high sensitivity and accuracy and it can be operated in simple processes. It may be effectively applied to guide the early fluid resuscitation of septic shock. It also provides Objective evidence for individualized treatment and correctly guides volume management. Its scientific and practical value makes it worth promoting.

目的 探讨不同年龄儿童性早熟的影响因素及预防措施。方法 本文将2020年1月—2021年1月的性早熟儿童45例(观察组)与正常健康儿童45例(对照组)作为研究对象,通过问卷调查的形式了解所选儿童的家庭因素、饮食、生活方式与社会因素等方面的情况,通过单因素分析与多因素分析探讨相关影响因素。结果 观察组不同年龄段儿童在骨龄、身高、体质量、BMI方面存在统计学差异,P＜0.05;观察组性激素水平明显高于对照组,P＜0.05。结论 儿童性早熟的发生与生活习惯、家庭关系、饮食习惯、母亲初潮年龄等因素有关,帮助其养成科学合理的生活习惯与饮食习惯,改善家庭关系可很好的降低并预防儿童性早熟的发生。对于已经出现性早熟现象的儿童来说,学校与家庭要及时给予其合理的健康教育,包括心理方面与生殖健康方面,及时有效的疏导可有效避免性早熟对儿童心理方面造成不良影响。

Objective To explore the influencing factors and preventive measures of precocious puberty in children of different ages. Methods 45 cases of precocious puberty children (observation group) and 45 cases of normal healthy children (control group) from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. The family factors, diets, lifestyles and social factors of the selected children were investigated by questionnaire survey, and the related influencing factors were discussed by single factor analysis and multi factor analysis. Results There were statistical differences in bone age, height, weight and BMI among children of different ages in the observation group, P<0.05. The levels of sex hormones in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, P<0.05. Conclusion The occurrence of children's precocious puberty is related to living habits, family relations, eating habits, mother's menarche ages and other factors. To help them develop scientific and reasonable living habits and dietary habits and improve family relations can reduce and prevent the occurrence of children's precocious puberty. For children with precocious puberty, schools and families should give them proper health education in time, including psychological and reproductive health. Timely and effective counseling can effectively avoid the adverse effects of precocious puberty on children's psychology.

目的 儿童流感相关坏死性脑病(influenza-associated necrotizing encephalopathy,IANE)是一种严重的流感并发症,目前缺乏早期诊断预警指标,本文探讨血生化和脑脊液检测在儿童IANE早期预警中的作用,为IANE早期诊断提供预测参考。 方法 回顾分析2016年1月—2020年12月在我院接受诊治的确诊流感并发神经系统并发症的患儿。40例流感相关性脑病(influenza-associated encephalopathy,IAE)和32例IANE患儿纳入研究。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析来确定所选变量的预警价值。 结果 与IAE组相比,IANE组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肌酐激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶(CSF LDH)、脑脊液蛋白(CSF PRO)均升高,两组差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用于区分IAE和IANE的LDH、CSF LDH和CSF PRO的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.876、0.853和0.831。LDH>535 U/L预测IANE的敏感度为89.7%,特异度为86.5%。CSF LDH>67 U/L预测IANE的敏感度为82.8%,特异度为73.3%。CSF PRO>0.49 g/L预测IANE的敏感度为73.7%,特异度为76.6%。IANE患儿死亡10例(43.3%),IAE患儿死亡0例(P<0.05)。 结论 IANE组LDH、CSF LDH和CSF PRO明显升高,可作为IANE的早期预警指标。对此类患儿要密切评估,早期预测及干预,减少后遗症及病死率,改善预后。

Objective Influenza-associated necrotizing encephalopathy (IANE) in children is a serious complication of influenza. At present, there is a lack of indicators for early diagnosis and early warning. In this paper, the role of blood biochemical and cerebrospinal fluid detection in early warning of IANE in children is discussed, so as to provide a predictive reference for early diagnosis of IANE. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on children diagnosed with influenza and with neurological complications who were treated in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020. Forty children with influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) and 32 children with IANE were included. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of the selected variables. Results Compared with IAE group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase (CSF LDH) and cerebrospinal fluid protein (CSF PRO) were all increased in IANE group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of LDH, CSF LDH and CSF PRO used to distinguish IAE from IANE were 0.876, 0.853 and 0.831, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LDH>535 U/L for predicting IANE were 89.7% and 86.5% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CSF LDH>67 U/L for predicting IANE were 82.8% and 73.3% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CSF PRO＞0.49 g/L in predicting IANE were 73.7% and 76.6%. There were 10 deaths of IANE (43.3%) and 0 death of IAE (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of LDH, CSF LDH and CSF PRO were significantly increased in IANE group, which could be used as early warning indicators for IANE. For such children, close evaluation, early prediction and intervention should be made to reduce sequelae and fatality rate and to improve prognosis.

目的 分析院际转运紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿中的流行病学特征,评价院际转运在患儿救治过程中的作用及效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月我院院际转运的145例紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿的性别、年龄、体质量、生命体征、转运期间检测指标、支持治疗等资料。结果 145例紫绀型先天性心脏病男105例,女40例,73.1%(106/145)的转诊患儿是新生儿,59.3%(86/145)的转诊患儿来自三级医院,55.9%(81/145)的转诊患儿转诊距离在200 km以上,仅有10.3%(15/145)的转诊患儿转诊距离在50 km以内。转诊过程中44.1%(64/145)的患儿给予呼吸机辅助通气,33.1%(48/145)的患儿给予吸氧处理,仅22.1%(32/145)的患儿无需呼吸支持,所有患儿安全转运到接诊医院,入院后138例接受外科手术治疗手术康复,7例放弃治疗。结论 安全、有效的院际转运紫绀型先天性心脏病是救治的关键环节,为紫绀型先天性心脏病的救治提供前提。

Objective To analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of interhospital transport of cyanotic congenital heart disease in children and evaluate the effect of interhospital transport on treatment. Methods 145 children with cyanotic congenital heart disease from January 2016 to December 2019 transported in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Epidemiological data such as sex, age, weight, vital signs, detection indexes during transport and supportive treatment were collected. Results Among 145 children with cyanotic type of congenital heart disease there were 105 male, 40 female. 73.1% (106/145) children were newborn, 59.3% (86/145) children were from tertiary hospitals, 55.9% (81/145) children were transported over 200 km, only 10.3% (15/145) children were within 50 km. 44.1% (64/145) were given assisted ventilation during transporting, 33.1% (48/145) children were given oxygen treatment, only 22.1% (32/145) of the children did not need respiratory support. All children were transferred to the receiving hospital successfully. After admission, 138 of them received surgical treatment successfully, and 7 of them gave up treatment. Conclusion Safe and effective interhospital transport is the key to treating cyanotic congenital heart disease, which provides the basis for the treatment of cyanotic congenital heart disease.

目的 分析河源市学龄前儿童发生小细胞低色素性贫血的病因。方法 对我院进行健康体检小细胞低色素性贫血儿童287例进行血常规、血清铁蛋白及地中海贫血基因检测。结果 在所研究的287 例小细胞低色素性贫血儿童病例中,分别检出 α地中海贫血 127例,β地中海贫血 48例,α/β复合地中海贫血2例;铁缺乏 83例 (合并地中海贫血20例, 缺铁性贫血45例),不明原因贫血47例。地中海贫血检出率为61.67%,铁缺乏检出率为21.95% 。结论 地中海贫血是河源市学龄前儿童发生小细胞低色素性贫血最主要的原因,其次是铁缺乏,各年龄段儿童以轻度贫血为主,6月~1岁,1~3岁为铁缺乏高发年龄。α地中海贫血基因型以--^SEA/αα最常见,β地中海贫血以βIVS-II-654/β^N最常见,小细胞低色素症在静止型最常见。

Objective To analyze the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in preschool children in Heyuan City. Methods A total of 287 cases with microcytic hypochromic anemia were selected in our hospital. The indexes of hematology, serum ferritin were detected and genetic testing for thalassemia was performed. Results Through genetic analysis, 127 of 287 cases of microcytic hypochromic anemia were confirmed with α-thalassaemia,48 cases with β-thalassaemia,2 cases with compound α/β-thalassaemia and 83 cases with iron deficiency (20 thalassemia cases and 45 iron deficiency anemia cases). Thalassaemia detection rate was 61.67%, iron deficiency detection rate was 21.95%. Conclusion Thalassaemia was the main reason of microcytic hypochromic anemia in preschool children in Heyuan City, followed by iron deficiency. The mild anemia was the main type among all age groups, children aged 0.5-3 had higher iron deficiency rate. The main type of α-thalassaemia was --^SEA/αα, the main type of β-thalassaemia was βIVS-II-654/β^N and the main type of microcytic hypochromic was static type.