摘要：目的：探讨在被确诊的甲状腺乳头状微小癌（PTMC）患者中清扫颈部VI区淋巴结时，术中使用纳米炭混悬注射液示踪技术在其治疗过程中的应用价值及临床获益情况。方法：选取肇庆市第一人民医院普外科各亚专科中在2025年1月至2026年1月间收治的90例甲状腺乳头状微小癌（PTMC）患者，采用随机数字表法进行分组，分为观察组、对照组，各45例。90例患者中术前常规行FNA，并确诊为甲状腺乳头状癌，对术前确诊的单侧甲状腺乳头状癌患者，手术方式选择行单侧甲状腺全切加峡部切除和单侧颈部VI区淋巴结清扫，对术前确诊的双侧甲状腺乳头状癌患者，手术方式选择行甲状腺双侧叶全切加峡部切除及双侧颈部VI区淋巴结清扫。对观察组患者，在手术中解剖后看到甲状腺腺体后即在甲状腺腺体背侧面注射纳米炭混悬注射液混悬注射液，约0.3ml，等待显影20min后再行淋巴结清扫，对照组患者则术中不注射纳米炭混悬注射液混悬注射液。对比观察组和对照组患者所用手术时间及术中出血量，术后第1天及术后满1个月血钙（Ca）水平及甲状旁腺激素(PTH)测定情况两组的对比情况，术手术并发症中喉返神经损伤，术后声嘶，术后血肿及低钙血症甲状旁腺暂时功能低下观察组和对照组情况对比，观察组及对照组淋巴结平均检出数，淋巴阳性检出数的对比情况。结果：观察组中手术的时间长度为98.75±7.52和对照组101.52±6.54(P>0.05），统计学无差异；观察组中术中出血量为32.57±2.78和对照组的29.55±4.21(P>0.05），统计学无差异；观察组术后第1天血钙(CA)水平为2.27±0.12和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平为40.21±0.06均较对照组术后第1天血钙(Ca)水平为2.20±0.05和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平为35.42±0.03高，术后第1天观察组显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组术后第满1月血钙(Ca)水平为2.26±0.05和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平为43.1±4.29与对照组术后满1月血钙(Ca)水平为2.25±0.09和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平为42.8±3.87对比(P>0.05），统计学无差异；术后合并症观察组术后喉返神经损伤，声音嘶哑和颈部血肿分别为0，1和1与对照组的0，1和0(P>0.05），统计学无差异；术后合并症观察组术后低钙血症及甲状旁腺暂时功能低下分别为1和0与对照组术后低钙血症及甲状旁腺暂时功能低下4和3比较(P<0.05)，统计学有意义；术中观察组淋巴结显影明显好于对照组淋巴结显影；观察组淋巴结平均检出数，淋巴阳性检出数为7.654±1.65、2.71±0.65均多余对照组的6.77±1.85、2.34±0.73(p<0.05)，差异比较，有统计学意义。结论：对于甲状腺乳头状微小癌（PTMC）的患者，在手术中使用纳米炭混悬注射液进行标记示踪，有助于提高医生在行甲状腺乳头状癌清扫颈部VI区时的淋巴结显影效果及患者颈部VI区的淋巴结清扫效率；有助于提高患者淋巴结清扫彻底性，有助于降低术后复发风险，提高手术安全性；对术后并发低钙血症及永久性的甲状旁腺功能减退等有显著效果，增加患者术中甲状旁腺保护效率，可有助于提高患者远期的生存质量等，具有显著的临床应用价值。
目的 研究小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的影像学特点及经头皮区域或腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗小儿头颈部皮下良性肿物的可行性、临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾分析2024年1月—2024年8月在广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心治疗的24例小儿面颈部皮下肿物的病例，患儿年龄为1~5岁，平均年龄1.5岁，其中男15例、女9例；分别为甲状舌管囊肿10例，鳃裂瘘5例，前额皮下肿物5例，颈淋巴结增大3例，颈部皮下肿物1例。分析其影像学特点（超声及CT检查），制定了经头皮区域软组织腔镜微创治疗前额皮下肿物和颈淋巴结活组织检查（活检）或经腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗甲状舌管囊肿和鳃裂瘘。结果 24例小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的共同影像学特点是位于浅层，边界清晰，圆形或者椭圆形，对周围组织轻度压迫，无侵犯。所有病例均顺利完成微创手术，出血少，无手术并发症，术后恢复好。术后病理检查均提示良性肿物，面部及颈部均无手术瘢痕。结论 小儿面颈部皮下良性肿瘤的影像学特点是位于浅层，边界清晰。经头皮区域和腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗小儿面颈部肿物效果确切、安全性高、美观。
Objective To study the imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in the face and neck of children，as well as the feasibility，efficacy，and safety of minimally invasive treatment of subcutaneous benign tumors in the head and neck of children through hair area or axillary soft tissue endoscopy．Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 24 cases of subcutaneous tumors in the face and neck of children treated in our hospital from January to August 2024．Age range was 1-5 years old，with an average of 1.5 years old．There were 15 boys and 9 girls．There were 10 cases of thyroglossal duct cyst，5 cases of branchial fistula，5 cases of subcutaneous mass on the forehead，3 cases of enlarged cervical lymph nodes，and 1 case of subcutaneous mass on the neck．Imaging characteristics（ultrasound and CT examination）and minimally invasive treatment effects were analyzed，to determine the procedure of minimally invasive treatment of subcutaneous tumors in the forehead and cervical lymph node biopsy by soft tissue endoscopy in the scalp area，and minimally invasive treatment of thyroglossal duct cysts and branchial fistulas through axillary by soft tissue endoscopy．Results The imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in children’s face and neck were located in the shallow layer，with clear boundaries，round or oval shapes，mild compression of surrounding tissues，and no invasion．All cases successfully underwent minimally invasive surgery with minimal bleeding，no surgical complications，and good postoperative recovery．Postoperative pathological examination confirmed as benign masses．There were no surgical scars on the face and neck．Conclusions The imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in children’s face and neck are located in the shallow layer with clear boundaries．Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of pediatric face and neck tumors through the scalp area and axillary soft tissue is effective，safe，and aesthetically pleasing．
目的 研究靶向NKG2A抑制剂抗头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）的作用。方法 应用GEO和TCGA数据库分析NKG2A及其配体HLA-E单细胞表达情况、与患者预后以及免疫微环境的相关性。构建HNSCC皮下抑制瘤模型,流式细胞技术检测化学治疗（化疗）对免疫检测点NKG2A表达的影响。动物实验验证NKG2A抑制剂以及NKG2A抑制剂联合多西他赛化疗的抗肿瘤作用。结果 NKG2A（KLRC1）主要表达在NK细胞,少量表达在T淋巴细胞。HNSCC肿瘤高表达NKG2A/HLA-E（P<0.01）,与患者不良预后密切相关;肿瘤微环境中NKG2A/HLA-E与多个免疫细胞浸润以及免疫检测点表达密切相关（P<0.01）。动物实验显示化疗能上调T、B淋巴细胞表达免疫检查点NKG2A的表达水平（P<0.01）;化疗的基础上联合NKG2A抑制剂能更有效地介导抗肿瘤作用（P=0.013）。结论 化疗基础上联合NKG2A抑制剂能更有效地介导抗肿瘤作用,为探索HNSCC临床新策略提供实验和理论基础。
Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of NKG2A inhibitor on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma（HNSCC）．Methods The single-cell expression of NKG2A ,its ligand HLA-E and their correlations with patient prognosis and immune microenvironment were analyzed in GEO and TCGA databases．The subcutaneous tumor model of HNSCC was constructed,and the effects of chemotherapy on the expression of NKG2A on T and B lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry．Animal experiments were used to confirmed the anti-tumor effects of NKG2A inhibitor and NKG2A inhibitors combined with docetaxel．Results NKG2A（KLRC1）was mainly expressed in NK cells,and a small amount was expressed in T lymphocytes．The high expression of NKG2A/HLA-E in HNSCC tumors（P<0.01）were closely related to poor prognosis．NKG2A/HLA-E in tumor microenvironment were closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints（P<0.01）．Animal experiments showed that chemotherapy could up-regulate the expression of NKG2A in T and B lymphocytes（P<0.01）．Chemotherapy in combination with NKG2A inhibitor could mediate more effective antitumor effects in HNSCC（P=0.013）．Conclusions Combined with NKG2A inhibitor on the basis of chemotherapy can mediate more effective anti-tumor effects,and this study may provide experimental and theoretical basis for exploring new clinical strategies of HNSCC．
目的 探讨个体化低速率对比剂注射方案联合低管电压扫描在低体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)受检者头颈部CT血管成像的可行性。方法 选取我科2020年1月—2020年11月低BMI受检者头颈部CTA检查90例进行研究,随机分成三组,每组30例。A组80 kV扫描,低流速、低总量注射方案; B组120 kV扫描,高流速、低总量注射方案;C组为120kV扫描条件,高流速、高总量注射方案。对比各组注射流速、注射总量、辐射剂量长度乘积(dose legth product,DLP),评价各组图像的主动脉弓、颈总动脉、基底动脉、胸锁乳突肌中段的CT值、信噪比及对比信噪比,由两名有经验的放射科医生对各组图像质量进行主观评价。结果 图像质量主观评价A、B两组图像评分集中在4分段,C组图像评分集中在3分段,A、B组与C组主观评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组对比剂注射流速和DLP比B、C组分别下降27.75%、47.10%;A、B组对比剂注射总量较C组下降39.87%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组各血管CT值对应比B、C组数值稍高,除主动脉弓CT值外其余血管客观参数对比均有差异(P<0.05)。结论 低BMI受检者头颈部CT血管个体化低流速精准对比剂注射方案联合低管电压扫描技术在获得满足诊断要求图像质量的前提下,既能降低受检者对比剂注射速率和注射风险,又能降低辐射剂量,值得推广应用。
Objective To explore the feasibility of individualized low rate contrast agent injection scheme combined with low tube voltage scanning in CTA imaging of low body mass index(BMI) subjects' head and neck. Methods Ninety cases of head and neck CTA examination of low BMI subjects in our department from January 2020 to November 2020 were selected for the study, and randomly divided into three groups with 30 cases in each group. Group A applied 80 kV scanning, low flow rate and low total volume injection scheme. Group B applied 120 kV scanning, high flow rate, low total volume injection scheme. Group C applied 120 kV scanning, high flow rate and high total volume injection scheme. The injection velocity, injection volume, radiation dose length product (DLP) among three groups were compared. In each image of the aortic arch, common carotid artery, basilar artery and the central part of sternocleidomastoid, the CT value, the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were evaluated. Two experienced radiologists performed image quality evaluation. Results Image quality in group A and B by subjective evaluation got 4 points out of 4, and group C got 3 points out of 4, and there was statistical difference between group A, B and C in subjective evaluation of image quality (P<0.05). The injection velocity and DLP of contrast agent in group A were 27.75% and 47.10% lower than those in group B and C, respectively. The total amount of contrast agent injection in groups A and B was decreased by 39.87% compared with group C, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The corresponding CT values of each vessel in group A were slightly higher than those in group B and C, and there were statistically significant differences in the Objective parameters of other vessels except for aortic arch (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of individualized low flow rate and precise contrast agent injection scheme with low tube voltage scanning technology for low BMI subject could not only reduce the injection rate and risk of contrast agent, but also reduce radiation dose, on the premise of meeting the diagnostic requirements of image quality. It is worthy of popularization and application.
