目的 研究地佐辛复合丙泊酚对腹式子宫切除术牵拉反应的预防作用。方法 选择择期行腹式子宫切除术患者60例(ASA I ~Ⅱ级),随机分成三组。所有患者给予腰麻,麻醉平面调节并固定于T₆后,给予A组患者0.1 mg/kg地佐辛,静脉注射;B组静脉注射0.1 mg/kg地佐辛后丙泊酚持续泵注2~4 mg/(kg·h);C组单次静注丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg后持续泵注2~4mg/(kg·h)。记录麻醉前(T₀)、腰麻平面固定后(T₁)、静注药物后5min(T₂)、切皮(T₃)、牵拉子宫时(T₄)、术毕(T₅)患者的HR、MAP及Ramesay镇静评分;评价肌松效果、牵拉反应、患者舒适度及满意度。结果 三组患者一般情况无差异(P＞0.05);与T₀相比,Ⅲ组T₂及T₅时刻MAP与T₀相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),T₂、 T₃ 、T₄及T₅时刻HR与T₀相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与T₀相比,Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组Ramesay镇静评分在T₂、 T₃及T₄时刻均升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组Ramesay镇静评分在T₂、T₃及T₄时刻高于I组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。牵拉反应评价I组评为优的患者个数明显少于II组及III组,评为良及差的患者个数多于II组及III组,此差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);II组及III组舒适度及满意度评定为优的患者个数明显多余I组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 0.1 mg/kg地佐辛复合丙泊酚可以很好预防腹式子宫切除手术中的牵拉反应,提高患者舒适度和满意度。

Objective To observe whether dezocine combined with propofol can prevent intra operative dragging reaction during hysterectomy or not. Methods Sixty patients(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ)which through hysterectomy surgery were randomly arranged to 3 groups. All the patients were under spinal anesthesia, adjusted the anesthesia plane to T6. Group l: dezocine 0.1 mg/kg were intravenous injected, Group ll: dezocine 0.1 mg/kg were intravenous injected and then propofol 2~4 mg/kg/h were intravenous pumped, Group lll: propofol 1.5 mg/kg were intravenous injected and then propofol 2~4 mg/kg/h intravenous were pumped. HR、MAP and Ramesay scale were recorded at the time points of pre-anesthesia(T₀)、pre-injection(T₁)、5 min after injection(T₂)、skin incision(T₃)、dragging uterus(T₄)、after surgery(T₅),the effect of muscle relaxation and the reaction of patients were recorded in the mean time, comfort degree and satisfaction degree of patients were evaluated after surgery. Results There was no significant difference of general condition between the three groups (P>0.05). At the time point of T₂ and T₅, MAP of Group lll patients were significant lower than the base value(P<0.05). At the time point of T₂、T₃、T₄ and T₅, HR of Group lll patients were significant lower then base value(P<0.05). Dragging reaction during the surgery were significant reduced in Group ll and Group lll but not in Group l(P<0.05). Group ll and Group lll patients felt more comfortable and more satisfied than Group l patients(P<0.05). Conclusion 0.1 mg/kg dezocine combined with propofol can prevent intra operative dragging reaction and make patient feel more comfortable during hysterectomy.

目的 探讨拉米夫定治疗对乙肝活动的肺结核病人抗结核治疗中的临床价值。方法 通过回顾性分析159例初治肺结核乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性、HBV-DNA定量阳性病人,所有病例在抗结核前查肝功能均正常,分为两组,治疗组:在抗结核及护肝治疗过程中,加用拉米夫定抗乙肝病毒治疗;对照组:没用任何抗乙肝病毒药物;分别在抗结核治疗前、治疗2周、4周及8周复查肝功能,对比两组间肝损发生率,及肝损发生时间及严重程度。抗结核治疗4周后复查HBV-DNA定量,对比两组间HBV-DNA定量下降例数。结果 治疗组的肝损发生率仅20.5%,对照组病人抗结核治疗后肝损的发生率为53.1%,两者间差异有统计学意义。治疗组肝损出现时间多为大于4周,而且多数是轻度肝损。治疗组出现肝损中断抗结核治疗的病例数低于对照组。抗乙肝病毒治疗后复查HBV-DNA定量降低例数高于对照组。结论 拉米夫定抗乙肝病毒治疗,能抑制乙肝病毒复制,降低乙肝合并肺结核病人的肝损发生率并减轻肝损严重程度,提高病人对抗结核药物的耐受性。

       无创正压通气的使用是患者发生鼻面部压力性损伤的重要原因之一，随着我国防控政策的放开，新增老年新冠感染患者急剧增加。文章对使用无创正压通气发生相关压力性损伤现状进行综述，介绍老年患者使用无创正压通气发生鼻面部压力性损伤的主要影响因素、评估方法以及预防措施现状，旨在为临床医务人员预防其相关压力性损伤提供参考。

       The use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is one of the important reasons for nasal and facial pressure injuries in patients．With the release of China's epidemic prevention policy，the number of new elderly patients with COVID-19 has increased dramatically．This paper summarizes the current situation of stress injuries caused by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation，introduces the main influencing factors，evaluation methods and prevention measures of nasal and facial stress injuries in elderly patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation，aiming to provide a reference for clinical medical personnel to prevent their related stress injuries．

       目的   探讨预防性风险管理在肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果及对术后生活质量影响。方法   选取2020年6月—2023年10月安阳市肿瘤医院收治的66例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者，应用抽签法分为观察组（n=33）与对照组（n=33）。所有患者均采取根治性全膀胱切除术与淋巴清扫术治疗，对照组患者术后实施常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上增加预防性风险管理。对比两组术后尿量、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间，干预前后病耻感及负面情绪、术后并发症发生率，最后对比两组干预前后生活质量变化。结果   两组患者术后尿量对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），观察组术后胃肠功能恢复时间为（5.27±0.82）d，术后住院时间为（18.31±3.27）d，短于对照组的（7.25±1.12）（23.27±4.18）d，对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为8.194、5.369，P＜0.05）；干预后两组患者病耻感量表（SSCI）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分均降低，观察组分别为（35.67±7.45）（40.02±2.43）（45.36±4.17）分，低于对照组的（48.27±10.69）（54.54±3.54）（51.37±4.38）分，对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为5.555、19.426、5.709，P＜0.05）；观察组术后并发症发生率为9.09%，低于对照组的30.30%（χ ² =4.690，P=0.030）；干预后两组膀胱癌特异性模块、功能状况、精神状况、家庭/社会状况及躯体状况相关维度膀胱癌患者生活质量量表（FACT-BL）评分均升高，观察组分别为（34.27±3.26）（25.11±4.23）（21.51±4.23）（25.02±4.43）（20.56±3.11）分，高于对照组的（27.00±4.34）（21.11±3.24）（16.12±2.12）（21.54±5.54）（15.87±4.13）分，对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为7.694、4.313、6.544、2.818、5.211，P＜0.05）。结论   预防性风险管理在肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果显著，可缩短患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间及住院时间，改善患者负面情绪，有助减少术后并发症，提升患者生活质量。

       Objective  To explore the effect of preventive risk management on postoperative application and quality of life of myometrial invasive bladder cancer patients after radical surgery．Methods  A total of 66 patients with myometrial invasive bladder cancer admitted to Anyang Cancer Hospital from June 2020 to October 2023 were selected as research objects，and were divided into observation group（n=33）and control group（n=33）by lot drawing．All patients were treated with  radical total cystectomy and lymph node dissection．The control group received routine nursing care after surgery，while the observation group received preventive risk management in addition to the control group．The postoperative urine output，recovery time of gastrointestinal function，and hospitalization time between two groups were compared，as well as the shame and negative emotions before and after intervention，the incidence of postoperative complications，and the changes in quality of life between the two groups before and after intervention．Results  There was no significant difference in postoperative urine volume between the two groups of patients（P＞0.05），and the postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time（5.27±0.82）d，postoperative hospitalization time（18.31±3.27）d were shorter than the control group［（7.25±1.12）d，（23.27±4.18）d］，with statistical significantce（t=8.194，5.369，P＜0.05）．After intervention，the Stigma Scale of Chronic Illness（SSCI），Self Rating Depression Scale（SDS），and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）in both groups of patients decreased，and the observation group［（35.67±7.45），（40.02±2.43），（45.36±4.17）］scored lower than the control group［（48.27±10.69），（54.54±3.54），（51.37±4.38）］，statistically significant（t=5.555，19.426，5.709，P＜0.05）．The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower at 9.09% compared to the control group at 30.30%（χ ² =4.690，P=0.030，P＜0.05）．After intervention，the scores of bladder cancer specific module，functional status，mental status，family/social status and physical status  related dimensions of bladder cancer patients’ quality of life scale for bladder cancer patients（FACT-BL）in both groups increased，and the observation group［（34.27±3.26），（25.11±4.23），（21.51±4.23），（25.02±4.43），（20.56±3.11）］ scored higher than the control group［（27.00±4.34），（21.11±3.24），（16.12±2.12），（21.54±5.54），（15.87±4.13）］，the comparison was statistically significant（t=7.694，4.313，6.544，2.818，5.211，P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Preventive  risk management has a significant effect on the application of myometrial invasive bladder cancer after radical surgery，which can shorten the recovery time of gastrointestinal function and hospital stay，improve patients’ negative emotions，assist in preventing postoperative complications，and improve patients’ quality of life．