目的 探讨眼底豹纹斑密度（FTD）及视盘旁萎缩弧（PPA）与眼轴长（AL）的相关性,为眼底定量化在儿童近视防控的应用提供科学依据。方法 本研究随机抽取广州市荔湾区两所小学三年级学生作为研究对象,在校园视力筛查的过程中同时采集AL、CR和眼底彩照。使用AI软件对眼底彩照进行量化分析,量化指标包括不同区域和范围的FTD及PPA面积大小,根据眼轴长度分为三组：A组（AL<23 mm）;B组（23 mm≤AL<24 mm）;C组（24 mm≤AL）。结果 共有398例右眼被纳入统计分析,年龄范围8~11岁,中位数是9岁,男性人数占55.1％。三组组间AL、AL/CR和SE比较均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。A组与B组相比,FTD在后极部整体范围、黄斑中心3 mm区域、黄斑中心3 mm区域上方区域具有统计学差异（P<0.05）,C组与B组相比,PPA面积及FTD在后极部整体范围、视盘为中心4.5 mm范围、黄斑为中心直径3 mm和6 mm范围均具有统计学差异（P<0.05）,Spearman相关性分析表明,AL与PPA（r=0.443）和FTD（r=0.322）呈正相关（P<0.001）。亚组相关性分析表明,A组仅黄斑为中心直径3 mm上方范围FTD与AL呈正相关（P=0.028）,B组PPA、黄斑中心直径3 mm及其上方范围FTD与AL呈正相关（P<0.05）,C组仅PPA与AL呈正相关（P=0.005）。结论 眼底定量对于儿童近视防控具有潜在价值,PPA和FTD与AL呈正相关性,不同区域和范围FTD与AL相关性具有一定差异性,黄斑中心直径3 mm范围及其上方范围与眼轴相关性最强。FTD在短眼轴阶段就可以作为生物标记物预测近视严重程度,而PPA主要在长眼轴阶段体现生物标记物的作用。

Objective To investigate the correlation between fundus tessellated density（FTD）and peripapillary atrophy（PPA）with axial length（AL）,providing a scientific basis for the application of fundus quantification in the prevention and control of myopia in children．Methods This study randomly selected third-grade students from two primary schools in Liwan District,Guangzhou City,as research subjects．Axial length（AL）,corneal radius（CR）,and fundus color photographs were collected simultaneously during the school vision screening process．AI software was utilized to perform quantitative analysis on the fundus color photographs,with quantification indicators including the area size of PPA and FTD in different regions and ranges．Subjects were divided into three groups based on axial length：Group A（AL<23 mm）;Group B（23 mm≤AL<24 mm）;Group C（AL≥24 mm）．Results A total of 398 right eyes were included in the statistical analysis,with an age range of 8 to 11,a median age of 9,and 55.1% were male．There were significant statistical differences in AL,AL/CR,and spherical equivalent（SE）among the three groups（P<0.05）．Compared with Group B,Group A showed significant statistical differences in FTD in the overall posterior pole,the 3 mm diameter area centered on the fovea,and the superior area of the 3 mm foveal center（P<0.05）．Compared with Group B,Group C showed significant differences in PPA area and FTD in the overall posterior pole,the 4.5 mm diameter area centered on the optic disc,and the 3 mm and 6 mm diameter areas centered on the fovea（P<0.05）．Spearman correlation analysis indicated that AL was significantly positively correlated with PPA（r=0.443）and FTD（r=0.322）（P<0.001）．Subgroup correlation analysis showed that in Group A,only the FTD in the superior area of the 3 mm diameter centered on the fovea was significantly positively correlated with AL（P=0.028）．In Group B,PPA and FTD in the 3 mm diameter and superior area centered on the fovea were significantly positively correlated with AL（P<0.05）．In Group C,only PPA was significantly positively correlated with AL（P=0.005）．Conclusions Fundus quantification holds potential value for the prevention and control of myopia in children．PPA and FTD show significant positive correlations with AL,with varying degrees of correlation in different regions and ranges of FTD with AL．The 3 mm diameter area centered on the fovea and its superior area have the strongest correlation with the eye axis．FTD can serve as a biomarker to predict the severity of myopia in the early stages of eye axis elongation,while PPA primarily manifests as a biomarker in the later stages of elongation．

       目的   探讨眼底豹纹斑密度（FTD）及视盘旁萎缩弧（PPA）与眼轴长（AL）的相关性，为眼底定量化在儿童近视防控的应用提供科学依据。方法   本研究随机抽取广州市荔湾区两所小学三年级学生作为研究对象，在校园视力筛查的过程中同时采集AL、CR和眼底彩照。使用AI软件对眼底彩照进行量化分析，量化指标包括不同区域和范围的FTD及PPA面积大小，根据眼轴长度分为三组：A组（AL＜23 mm）；B组（23 mm≤AL＜24 mm）；C组（24 mm≤AL）。结果   共有398例右眼被纳入统计分析，年龄范围8~11岁，中位数是9岁，男性人数占55.1％。三组组间AL、AL/CR和SE比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。A组与B组相比，FTD在后极部整体范围、黄斑中心3 mm区域、黄斑中心3 mm区域上方区域具有统计学差异（P＜0.05），C组与B组相比，PPA面积及FTD在后极部整体范围、视盘为中心4.5 mm范围、黄斑为中心直径3 mm和6 mm范围均具有统计学差异（P＜0.05），Spearman相关性分析表明，AL与PPA（r=0.443）和FTD（r=0.322）呈正相关（P＜0.001）。亚组相关性分析表明，A组仅黄斑为中心直径3 mm上方范围FTD与AL呈正相关（P=0.028），B组PPA、黄斑中心直径3 mm及其上方范围FTD与AL呈正相关（P＜0.05），C组仅PPA与AL呈正相关（P=0.005）。结论 眼底定量对于儿童近视防控具有潜在价值，PPA和FTD与AL呈正相关性，不同区域和范围FTD与AL相关性具有一定差异性，黄斑中心直径3 mm范围及其上方范围与眼轴相关性最强。FTD在短眼轴阶段就可以作为生物标记物预测近视严重程度，而PPA主要在长眼轴阶段体现生物标记物的作用。

       Objective  To investigate the correlation between fundus tessellated density（FTD）and peripapillary atrophy（PPA）with axial length（AL）, providing a scientific basis for the application of fundus quantification in the prevention and control of myopia in children. Methods  This study randomly selected third-grade students from two primary schools in Liwan District, Guangzhou City, as research subjects. Axial length（AL）, corneal radius（CR）, and fundus color photographs were collected simultaneously during the school vision screening process. AI software was utilized to perform quantitative analysis on the fundus color photographs, with quantification indicators including the area size of PPA and FTD in different regions and ranges. Subjects were divided into three groups based on axial length：Group A（AL＜23 mm）; Group B（23 mm≤AL＜24 mm）; Group C（AL≥24 mm）. Results  A total of 398 right eyes were included in the statistical analysis, with an age range of 8 to 11, a median age of 9, and 55.1% were male. There were significant statistical differences in AL, AL/CR, and spherical equivalent（SE）among the three groups（P＜0.05）. Compared with Group B, Group A showed significant statistical differences in FTD in the overall posterior pole, the 3 mm diameter area centered on the fovea, and the superior area of the 3 mm foveal center（P＜0.05）. Compared with Group B, Group C showed significant differences in PPA area and FTD in the overall posterior pole, the 4.5 mm diameter area centered on the optic disc, and the 3 mm and 6 mm diameter areas centered on the fovea（P＜0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that AL was significantly positively correlated with PPA（r=0.443）and FTD（r=0.322）（P＜0.001）. Subgroup correlation analysis showed that in Group A, only the FTD in the superior area of the 3 mm diameter centered on the fovea was significantly positively correlated with AL（P=0.028）. In Group B, PPA and FTD in the 3 mm diameter and superior area centered on the fovea were significantly positively correlated with AL（P＜0.05）. In Group C, only PPA was significantly positively correlated with AL（P=0.005）. Conclusions  Fundus quantification holds potential value for the prevention and control of myopia in children. PPA and FTD show significant positive correlations with AL, with varying degrees of correlation in different regions and ranges of FTD with AL. The 3 mm diameter area centered on the fovea and its superior area have the strongest correlation with the eye axis. FTD can serve as a biomarker to predict the severity of myopia in the early stages of eye axis elongation, while PPA primarily manifests as a biomarker in the later stages of elongation. 

      近视是一种常见的屈光不正状态，也是全球范围内普遍存在的视觉健康问题，其特征是在眼部调节放松的状态下，平行光线经眼的屈光系统折射后聚焦在视网膜前，导致视远模糊。近视通常在儿童期发生和发展，但在成年期仍可继续发生和发展。本综述对已发表的关于成年人近视发生和进展的文献进行总结，描述成年人近视的流行病学特征，包括近视率、近视发病率、近视进展率及其近视特征（屈光度及眼轴），总结成年人近视发病和进展的危险因素。了解成年人近视的发展特点和管理方式对于近视防控实践具有重要意义。

   Myopia is a common refractive error and a universal visual health problem in the world. It is characterized by the fact that parallel light rays refract through the refractive system of the eye and focus in front of the retina when the eye accommodatior is relaxed, resulting in distant blurred vision. Myopia usually occurs and develops in childhood, but can continue to occur and develop in adulthood. This review summarizes the published literature on the occurrence and progression of myopia in adults, describes the epidemiological characteristics of myopia in adults, including myopia rate, myopia incidence rate, myopia progression rate, and myopia characteristics（diopter and ocular axis） ; and summarizes the  risk factors for the occurrence and progression of myopia in adults. Understanding the developmental characteristics and management methods of adult myopia is of great significance for myopia prevention and control practice.