目的 比较锝[???Tc]甲氧基异丁基异腈单光子发射计算机断层扫描/计算机断层扫描(???Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT)双时相显像与颈部超声在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)患者术前定位中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2025年5月至2026年4月于黔东南苗族侗族自治州人民医院行两种影像学检查的疑似SHPT患者54例。以手术病理结果为金标准,计算超声与SPECT/CT在区域层面(共216个区域)的敏感性、特异性、准确性,并比较不同解剖区域的病灶检出率。结果 54例中确诊SHPT 45例(83.33%)。超声诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为70.89%(112/158)、86.21%(50/58)、75.00%(162/216);SPECT/CT分别为92.41%(146/158)、94.83%(55/58)、93.06%(201/216)。SPECT/CT的敏感性和准确性均高于超声(P均<0.001)。SPECT/CT在左上、左下、右上三个区域的检出率均高于超声(P<0.05)。结论 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT双时相显像在SHPT术前定位中的敏感性和准确性优于颈部超声,尤其对左上、左下、右上区域病灶检出优势明显,可作为SHPT患者术前定位的重要补充或首选影像学方法。
【摘要】 目的 探讨多模态影像定量参数联合血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)的诊断价值及其对良恶性卵巢病变的鉴别意义。方法 选取2023年6月至2024年12月本院收治的84例卵巢占位性病变患者作为研究对象,其中EOC患者46例纳入EOC组,良性卵巢病变患者38例纳入非EOC组。比较两组CT动脉期碘浓度、CT能谱曲线斜率及ADC值多模态影像定量参数,同时检测外周血指标并计算PLR,分析各指标在EOC诊断中的应用价值。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标单独及联合诊断效能。结果 两组年龄、体重指数及绝经情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EOC组形态不规则、边界模糊、实性成分为主、壁结节形成、明显不均匀强化、中大量腹腔积液及腹膜、淋巴结转移发生率均高于非EOC组(P<0.05)。EOC组PLR、CT动脉期碘浓度及CT能谱曲线斜率均高于非EOC组,而ADC值低于非EOC组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CT动脉期碘浓度、CT能谱曲线斜率、ADC值及PLR诊断EOC的AUC分别为0.801、0.819、0.828及0.867;联合预测模型AUC为0.975,敏感度为94.7%,特异度为91.3%,诊断效能优于各单项指标。结论 EOC患者多模态影像定量参数及PLR均存在明显异常改变,多模态影像参数联合PLR可进一步提高EOC的诊断效能,对良恶性卵巢病变的鉴别具有一定临床应用价值。
【摘要】 目的 探讨多模态影像定量参数联合血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)的诊断价值及其对良恶性卵巢病变的鉴别意义。方法 选取2023年6月至2024年12月本院收治的84例卵巢占位性病变患者作为研究对象,其中EOC患者46例纳入EOC组,良性卵巢病变患者38例纳入非EOC组。比较两组CT动脉期碘浓度、CT能谱曲线斜率及ADC值多模态影像定量参数,同时检测外周血指标并计算PLR,分析各指标在EOC诊断中的应用价值。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标单独及联合诊断效能。结果 两组年龄、体重指数及绝经情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EOC组形态不规则、边界模糊、实性成分为主、壁结节形成、明显不均匀强化、中大量腹腔积液及腹膜、淋巴结转移发生率均高于非EOC组(P<0.05)。EOC组PLR、CT动脉期碘浓度及CT能谱曲线斜率均高于非EOC组,而ADC值低于非EOC组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CT动脉期碘浓度、CT能谱曲线斜率、ADC值及PLR诊断EOC的AUC分别为0.801、0.819、0.828及0.867;联合预测模型AUC为0.975,敏感度为94.7%,特异度为91.3%,诊断效能优于各单项指标。结论 EOC患者多模态影像定量参数及PLR均存在明显异常改变,多模态影像参数联合PLR可进一步提高EOC的诊断效能,对良恶性卵巢病变的鉴别具有一定临床应用价值。
【摘要】 目的 探讨多模态影像定量参数联合血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)的诊断价值及其对良恶性卵巢病变的鉴别意义。方法 选取2023年6月至2024年12月本院收治的84例卵巢占位性病变患者作为研究对象,其中EOC患者46例纳入EOC组,良性卵巢病变患者38例纳入非EOC组。比较两组CT动脉期碘浓度、CT能谱曲线斜率及ADC值多模态影像定量参数,同时检测外周血指标并计算PLR,分析各指标在EOC诊断中的应用价值。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标单独及联合诊断效能。结果 两组年龄、体重指数及绝经情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EOC组形态不规则、边界模糊、实性成分为主、壁结节形成、明显不均匀强化、中大量腹腔积液及腹膜、淋巴结转移发生率均高于非EOC组(P<0.05)。EOC组PLR、CT动脉期碘浓度及CT能谱曲线斜率均高于非EOC组,而ADC值低于非EOC组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CT动脉期碘浓度、CT能谱曲线斜率、ADC值及PLR诊断EOC的AUC分别为0.801、0.819、0.828及0.867;联合预测模型AUC为0.975,敏感度为94.7%,特异度为91.3%,诊断效能优于各单项指标。结论 EOC患者多模态影像定量参数及PLR均存在明显异常改变,多模态影像参数联合PLR可进一步提高EOC的诊断效能,对良恶性卵巢病变的鉴别具有一定临床应用价值。
目的 探讨孕中晚期口腔二维轴向切面超声在产前诊断胎儿唇腭裂中的应用价值,评估其对唇裂、唇腭裂及继发腭裂的检出率和准确性。方法 本研究为前瞻性研究,共纳入2020年3月—2023年12月在我院超声科行产前超声诊断的3 666例孕中晚期胎儿,其中经超声检查诊断出111例唇腭裂,这些病例归为唇腭裂组,其余3 555例归入正常对照组。所有受试者均通过口腔二维轴向切面超声进行评估,诊断结果经产后随访确认。结果 在正常对照组中,上唇及上牙槽突的评估成功率为100%,软硬腭分界线显示率为99%,软腭显示率为85%。在唇腭裂组中,超声对唇裂、唇腭裂及继发腭裂的检出率分别为45%、48%和7%,且超声诊断的灵敏度、特异度和预测值均超过98%。结论 孕中晚期口腔二维轴向切面超声在产前诊断胎儿唇腭裂中具有较高的准确性和可靠性,为早期干预和临床管理提供了重要的影像学依据。
Objective To explore the application value of two-dimensional axial section ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,and to evaluate its detection rate and accuracy for cleft lip,cleft lip and palate,and secondary cleft palate.Methods This study is a prospective study that included 3 666 fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Among them,111 cases of cleft lip and palate were diagnosed by ultrasound examination.These cases were classified as the cleft lip and palate group,and the remaining 3 555 cases were classified as the normal control group.All subjects were evaluated by oral two-dimensional axial section ultrasound,and the diagnostic results were confirmed by postpartum follow-up.Results In the normal control group,the success rates of evaluating the upper lip and upper alveolar process were 100%.The present rate of the soft hard palate boundary was 99%,and the present rate of the soft palate was 85%.In the cleft lip and palate group,the detection rates of cleft lip,cleft lip and palate,and secondary cleft palate by ultrasound were 45%,48% and 7% respectively,and the sensitivity,specificity,and predictive value of ultrasound diagnosis exceeded 98%.Conclusions Two dimensional axial section ultrasound of the oral cavity in second and third trimesters of pregnancy has high accuracy and reliability in prenatal diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate,providing strong imaging evidence for early intervention and clinical management.
目的 探讨临床特征联合外周血血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与α-羟基丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法 选取2022年6月—2024年6月在天津市中心妇产科医院妇科接收的84例卵巢癌恶性肿瘤患者纳入观察组,同期选取84例卵巢良性病变患者纳入对照组。对比两组患者临床资料及VEGF、α-HBDH水平的差异,分析VEGF、α-HBDH水平与卵巢癌恶性肿瘤患者临床特征的相关性。采用二元Logistics回归分析卵巢癌恶性肿瘤的独立危险因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析VEGF、α-HBDH水平诊断卵巢癌恶性肿瘤的价值。结果 观察组年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)及血清CA125、HE4、VEGF、α-HBDH水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),VEGF与α-HBDH水平与国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、分化等级及淋巴结转移均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。将年龄、BMI、VEGF、α-HBDH作为自变量纳入二元Logistic回归,结果显示BMI、VEGF、α-HBDH是卵巢癌恶性肿瘤的影响因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线分析显示,联合检测VEGF和α-HBDH的AUC达0.921,灵敏度和特异度分别为81.0%和91.7%,优于单独检测(VEGF:AUC=0.702;α-HBDH:AUC=0.796)。结论 BMI联合VEGF与α-HBDH检测可为卵巢癌的诊断提供高效、无创的辅助手段,具有重要临床应用潜力。
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of clinical features combined with peripheral blood vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH)levels in ovarian cancer.Methods A total of 84 patients with malignant ovarian cancer admitted to the gynecology department of Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics from June 2022 to June 2024 were included in the observation group,and 84 patients with benign ovarian lesions during the same period were included in the control group.The clinical data and VEGF,α-HBDH levels of the two groups were compared.Pearson analysis was used to explore the correlation between VEGF,α-HBDH levels,and clinical characteristics of patients with malignant ovarian cancer.Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for malignant ovarian cancer,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic value of VEGF and α-HBDH levels for malignant ovarian cancer.Results The observation group had significantly higher age,BMI,and serum CA125,HE4,VEGF,α-HBDH levels compared to the control group(P<0.05).VEGF and α-HBDH levels were significantly positively correlated with FIGO stage,differentiation grade,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Age,BMI,VEGF,and α-HBDH were included as independent variables in binary Logistic regression,and the results showed that BMI,VEGF,and α-HBDH levelswere independent risk factors for malignant ovarian cancer(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for combined detection of VEGF and α-HBDH reached 0.921,with sensitivity and specificity of 81.0% and 91.7%,respectively,significantly superior to individual detection(VEGF:AUC=0.702;α-HBDH:AUC=0.796).Conclusions The detection of BMI combined with VEGF and α-HBDH levels can provide an efficient and noninvasive auxiliary means for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer,which has important clinical application potential.
目的 评估ChatGPT 4与Llama 3微调模型在乳腺癌诊断中的应用效果,特别是在超声、钼靶及超声联合钼靶的非结构化报告和影像诊断方面。方法 回顾性收集了689例同时接受乳腺超声和钼靶检查的患者数据,比较两种模型在文本和图像模态下的诊断性能,并探讨乳腺密度对模型表现的影响。结果 在文本模态下,微调Llama 3表现优异,联合诊断准确率达91.7%,优于ChatGPT 4的71.7%。图像模态中两模型准确率均低于70%,但ChatGPT 4灵敏度较高(78.3%),Llama 3特异度突出(98.3%)。分组分析表明,在非致密型乳腺中钼靶表现更佳,而致密型乳腺中超声诊断更具优势。结论 大语言模型在医学图像处理和多模态整合方面仍需进一步优化,医学领域微调的大语言模型在处理非结构化临床文本方面具有潜力。
Objective To evaluate the application effectiveness of ChatGPT 4 and the fine-tuned Llama 3 model in breast cancer diagnosis,particularly in processing unstructured reports and diagnostic imaging of ultrasound,mammography,and their combined modalities.Methods Retrospective data from 689 patients who underwent both breast ultrasound and mammography examinations were collected.The diagnostic performance of the two models was compared across text and image modalities,and the impact of breast density on model performance was explored.Results In the text modality,the fine-tuned Llama 3 model performed excellently,achieving a combined diagnostic accuracy of 91.7%,outperforming 71.7% of ChatGPT 4.In the image modality,both models had accuracies below 70%,but ChatGPT 4 exhibited higher sensitivity(78.3%),while Llama 3 demonstrated outstanding specificity(98.3%).Subgroup analysis indicated that mammography performed better in non-dense breasts,whereas ultrasound was more advantageous in dense breasts.Conclusions The large language models still require further optimization in medical image processing and multimodal integration,but fine-tuned large language models in the medical field show potential in handling unstructured clinical texts.
目的 针对孤独症多模态证据融合与定量化辨识的关键问题,本研究提出基于图卷积神经网络(GCN)的孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)诊断模型研究思路。方法 通过对来源于ABIDE的ASD儿童脑部fMRI数据进行整理和筛选,提取脑区功能连接矩阵作为图结构的邻接矩阵,并融合临床表型数据,构建了ASD多模态关联网络。通过网络特征比较分析,识别出了ASD与典型发育组的脑功能连接网络组间差异。进一步地构建一个端到端的GCN模型,并尝试引入注意力机制,提高模型决策的可解释性。结果 该模型在诊断性能指标优于传统机器学习方法(准确率=0.710,精确率=0.709,召回率=0.780,F1=0.743,曲线下面积=0.746)。背侧注意网络与边缘系统-颞极枢纽的功能连接减弱是模型做出判断的最主要依据。结论 以异质图为多模态数据整合的基本架构,本模型为ASD的潜在病理机制探索提供了新的方法学范例。
Objective To develop a quantitative model for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)integration multimodal evidences.Methods The fMRI dataset from ABIDE was used for extracting connectivity function network of ASD after data preprocessing.Difference between ASD and typical development about their brain connectivity function was evaluated with t-test.Integrating phenotypic data and fMRI dataset,an graph convolutional neural network (GCN)with attention module was estimated and compared against benchmark models about their efficiency and interpretability.Results The GCN model was evaluated outperformed other models with better accuracy indices.And regions from Dorsal Attention Network and Limbic-Temporal Pole were ranked as the highest weights for the differentiation in the model.Conclusions This study provided a novel paradigm for quantitative diagnosis and exploring pathogenesis of ASD.
中医诊断学是一门中医学专业的主干课程, 也是连接基础理论与临床实践的桥梁课程,其知识点繁杂、实践性强导致学生感觉枯燥无味, 教师教学质量欠佳。随着“互联网+教育”的高速发展, 混合式教学作为一种创新型教学模式,有诸多优势, 但也存在一些不足。文章从多元化教学方法、思政教育、多元化评价三个方面出发, 研究创新混合教学模式措施, 以期提升教学效果,提高学生的中医思维能力和临床水平, 培养学生的医德医风,实现知识传授与价值引领, 为社会输送德才兼备的中医药人才。文章研究了中医诊断学课程混合教学模式的教学现状和实践探索, 以进一步提高教学质量, 可为各大中医院校混合教学模式的开展提供借鉴。
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnostics is a main course of TCM specialty, and it is also a bridge course connecting basic theory and clinical practice.Its complex knowledge and strong practicability lead to students feeling bored and poor teaching quality.With the rapid development of “Internet + Education”, blended teaching, as an innovative teaching mode,has many advantages, but it also has some shortcomings.This paper starts from three aspects of diversified teaching methods, civic education and diversified evaluation to study the measures of innovative mixed teaching mode, with a view to enhancing the teaching effect, improving the students’ thinking ability and clinical level of Chinese medicine, cultivating the students’ medical ethics and medical style,realizing the knowledge pass on and value leadership, and delivering both moral and talented talents in traditional Chinese medicine for the society.This paper studies the teaching status and practical exploration of the mixed teaching mode of TCM diagnostics curriculum in order to further improve the teaching quality and provide reference for the development of the mixed teaching mode in major TCM colleges.
目的 探讨超声弹性成像联合高频超声在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断中的应用价值。方法 2022年1月—2023年6月选择在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九九〇医院诊治的疑似甲状腺乳头状癌患者82例,所有患者均给予超声弹性成像联合高频超声检查,记录超声特征。所有患者均行病理检查,并以病理检查作为判断的金标准。结果 在82例患者中,病理诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌48例(癌性组),占比58.54%;甲状腺良性结节34例(良性组),占比41.46%。癌性组的形态异常、后方回声衰减、钙化、晕环征、边界不清晰、内部低回声等超声征象占比为81.25%、83.33%、83.33%、83.33%、81.25%、81.25%,高于良性组的52.94%、47.06%、47.06%、41.18%、47.06%、52.94%(P<0.05)。癌性组的收缩期最高流速低于良性组(P<0.05),阻力指数、搏动指数与良性组相比有提高(P<0.05)。癌性组的弹性成像评分多为3~4分,良性组多为2分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声弹性成像联合高频超声判断为甲状腺乳头状癌47例,诊断中的灵敏度与特异度分别为97.92%(47/48)和100.00%(34/34)。结论 甲状腺乳头状癌在超声上多表现为血流信号异常、钙化、后方回声衰减、晕环征等特征,超声弹性成像评分多为3~4分,超声弹性成像联合高频超声在其诊断中具有较高的应用价值。
Objective To explore the application value of ultrasound elastography combined with high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).Methods From January 2022 to June 2023,82 patients with suspected PTC were treated at Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Force 990 Hospital.All patients were given ultrasound elastography combined with high-frequency ultrasound examination to record ultrasound features.All cases were given pathological examination,and the pathological examination were used as the gold standard for diagnosis.Results Among the 82 patients,48 were PTC(cancerous group),accounting for 58.54%;and the other 34 were benign thyroid nodules(benign group),accounting for 41.46%.The proportion of morphological abnormalities,posterior echo attenuation,calcification,halo ring signs,unclear boundary and internal hypoechoics in cancerous group were 81.25%,83.33%,83.33%,83.33%,81.25% and 81.25%,which were significantly higher than 52.94%,47.06%,47.06%,41.18%,47.06% and 52.94% in the benign group(P<0.05).The highest systolic flow velocity in the cancerous group was significantly less than that in the benign group(P<0.05),and the resistance index and pulse index were also significantly higher compared with the benign group(P<0.05).The elastography score were mostly 3~4 in the cancerous group and 2 in the benign group,with a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Forty-seven cases of PTC were diagnosed by ultrasound elastography combined with high frequency ultrasonography,and the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis were 97.92%(47/48)and 100.00%(34/34),respectively.Conclusions PTC is often characterized by abnormal blood flow signals,calcification,posterior echo attenuation,halo sign and so on.The ultrasound elastography score is usually 3~4 points.Ultrasonic elastography combined with high frequency ultrasound has high value in diagnosis of PTC.