目的：评估血细胞分离机单采制备自体富血小板血浆（PRP）治疗雄激素性脱发（AGA）的疗效及安全性。方法：纳入31例AGA患者，采用单采技术制备血小板浓度803~1669×10?/L的自体PRP，激活后行头皮注射治疗3次（间隔1个月）。于基线（T1）及每次治疗后1、2、3个月（T2~T4）评估毛发密度与不良反应。结果：患者均为男性。毛发密度由T1的（111.77±12.00）根/cm2升至T4的（133.74±16.34）根/cm2（均P＜0.001）。医师评估有效率80.6%，患者满意率74.2%。主要不良反应为注射部位出血、肿痛及灼热感，均自行缓解；1例出现额部及眼睑明显水肿，5 d后消退。结论：单采自体PRP治疗AGA疗效确切且安全。规范控制PRP制备质量及血小板浓度有助于优化疗效。

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared via apheresis using a blood cell separator for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods: A total of 31 patients with AGA who completed the study were enrolled. Autologous PRP with a platelet concentration of 803-1669×10?/L was prepared using apheresis technology. After activation, the PRP was administered via intralesional scalp injections for a total of 3 sessions at 1-month intervals. Hair density changes and adverse reactions were evaluated at baseline (T1) and at 1, 2, and 3 months after the initial treatment (T2-T4). Results: All included patients were male. Hair density significantly increased from (111.77±12.00) hairs/cm2 at baseline to (133.74±16.34) hairs/cm2 at T4 (all P<0.001). The clinician-evaluated effective rate was 80.6%, and the patient satisfaction rate was 74.2%. The primary adverse reactions included hemorrhage, swelling, burning sensation, and transient pain at the injection site, all of which resolved spontaneously. Notably, 1 patient developed marked edema in the forehead and eyelids, which subsided spontaneously after approximately 5 days. Conclusion: Autologous PRP prepared via apheresis is effective and safe for the treatment of AGA. Standardized quality control of PRP preparation and platelet concentration may contribute to further optimizing the therapeutic outcomes.

目的 分析围绝经期女性糖脂代谢水平与卵巢储备功能减退（DOR）的相关性，并探讨绝经激素治疗的应用价值。方法 回顾性选取2024年2月至2026年2月就诊于本院的194例围绝经期女性为研究对象，根据其卵巢储备功能将其分为DOR组（n=103）与卵巢储备功能正常组（NOR，n=91）。比较2组临床资料，采用Logistic回归分析围绝经期女性DOR的危险因素，绘制ROC曲线分析其预测效能，并利用Spearman相关系数分析指标相关性。同时予以所有患者绝经激素治疗（MHT），比较治疗前后的性激素指标、糖代谢指标、超声指标及安全性指标。结果 Logistic多因素结果显示：年龄、FSH、HbA1c、TG是围绝经期女性DOR的重要影响因素（P＜0.05）。ROC结果显示：联合预测的AUC=0.982，95%CI为0.964~1.000，灵敏度为0.990，特异度为0.923，校准曲线拟合性好。卵巢储备功能与年龄、FSH、HbA1c、TG均呈显著正相关（P均<0.05）。与治疗前相比，FSH、LH、HbA1c、TG、LDL-C水平有明显下降（P＜0.05），子宫内膜厚度略有增加（P＜0.05）；AMH、卵巢体积无显著变化（P＞0.05）。MHT治疗后不良反应发生率为4.64%。结论 糖脂代谢异常与围绝经期女性DOR密切相关，是其重要危险因素。规范MHT干预可有效改善内分泌代谢紊乱，且安全性可靠。

Objective To analyze the correlation between glycolipid metabolism levels and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in perimenopausal women, and to explore the application value of menopausal hormone therapy.Methods A total of 194 perimenopausal women admitted to our hospital from February 2024 to February 2026 were retrospectively enrolled. They were divided into the DOR group (n=103) and the normal ovarian reserve (NOR) group (n=91) according to ovarian reserve function. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for DOR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate predictive efficacy, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess indicator correlations. All patients received menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Sex hormone indicators, glycolipid metabolic indicators, ultrasonographic indicators and safety indicators were compared before and after treatment.Results Multivariate Logistic regression showed that age, folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and triglyceride (TG) were independent risk factors for DOR in perimenopausal women (P＜0.05). ROC analysis revealed that the combined prediction yielded an AUC of 0.982 (95%CI: 0.964–1.000), with a sensitivity of 0.990 and a specificity of 0.923, and good calibration curve fitting. Ovarian reserve was significantly positively correlated with age, FSH, HbA1c and TG (all P＜0.05). After treatment, levels of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), HbA1c, TG and lowdensity lipoproteincholesterol (LDLC) decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and endometrial thickness increased slightly (P＜0.05). No significant changes were observed in antiMüllerian hormone (AMH) and ovarian volume (P＞0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions after MHT was 4.64%.Conclusion Abnormal glycolipid metabolism is closely associated with DOR and serves as a critical risk factor in perimenopausal women. Standardized MHT can effectively improve endocrinemetabolic disorders with satisfactory safety.

目的 探讨不同剂量左甲状腺素钠联合二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）并发甲状腺功能减退症（简称“甲减”）患者的临床疗效，并分析其对甲状腺激素水平、妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2023年1月～2025年1月于本院诊治的92例GDM并发甲减患者为研究对象，依据治疗方案不同将其分为2组，对照组采用左甲状腺素钠、二甲双胍治疗，观察组采用维生素D联合左甲状腺素钠、二甲双胍治疗。比较2组临床疗效及治疗前后甲状腺激素[促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺激素（FT4）]、糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]、血管内皮功能[一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、非对称性二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）]、病情进展相关指标[成纤维细胞生长因子-21（FGF-21）、视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）]。比较2组妊娠结局。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组治疗后TSH水平低于对照组，FT3、FT4水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组治疗后空腹血糖水平、TC、TG、LDL-C水平及HOMA-IR低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组治疗后NO、NOS水平高于对照组，ET-1、ADMA水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组治疗后血清FGF-21、RBP4、Lp-PLA2水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）；2组流产、胎盘早剥、新生儿窒息发生率比较无明显差异（P＞0.05），观察组早产发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 维生素D联合左甲状腺素钠、二甲双胍治疗GDM并发甲减患者的效果显著，可更好地维持甲状腺功能正常，纠正糖脂代谢，改善血管内皮功能，控制疾病进展，并可在一定程度上改善妊娠结局。

目的 探析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）患者在全身糖皮质激素（激素）使用过程中检测呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）的价值。方法 于2019年1月—2021年12月梅州市人民医院采集病例展开随机对照研究,实施对象为58例AECOPD患者,均检测FeNO水平,根据FeNO水平是否>25 ppb,分组为FeNO高水平组和FeNO低水平组,根据是否接受全身激素治疗分为治疗组和对照组,对照组予以常规治疗,治疗组实行常规+全身激素治疗;检测治疗前后FeNO、肺功能指标水平变化,判定COPD评估测试（CAT）评分,对比组间差异。结果 FeNO高水平组全身激素治疗后（治疗组）FeNO降低（P<0.05）,高水平组常规治疗后（对照组）FeNO前后比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,低水平组中治疗组和对照组治疗前后FeNO比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;FeNO高水平组治疗后第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、第一秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量比值（FEV₁/FVC）均升高,且治疗组升高程度较对照组更大（均P<0.05）,FeNO低水平组治疗后FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC均升高（均P<0.05）,但治疗组与对照组相比无差异（P>0.05）;FeNO高水平组、低水平组治疗后CAT评分较治疗前均下降（均P<0.05）,FeNO高水平组下降更明显。结论 AECOPD患者实施FeNO测定,其水平变化在一定程度上可反映气道炎症,并预测激素治疗反应,指导合理有效地应用全身激素,避免出现激素过度使用情况。

Objective To explore the value of detecting exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)during systemic glucocorticoid use in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD). Methods A randomized controlled study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021 at the People's Hospital of Meizhou City. The subjects were 58 AECOPD patients,all of whom were tested for FeNO levels. Based on whether the FeNO levels were>25 ppb,they were divided into a high level FeNO group and a low level FeNO group. They were divided into a treatment group and a control group based on whether they received systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The control group received routine treatment,while the treatment group received routine and systemic glucocorticoid therapy. Changes in FeNO and lung function indicators before and after treatment were detected,COPD assessment test(CAT)scores were determined,and differences between groups were compared. Results After systemic glucocorticoid therapy,the high level group of FeNO showed a decrease in FeNO(P<0. 05),while the high level group showed no statistically significant difference in FeNO before and after routine treatment(P>0. 05). The low level group showed no statistically significant difference in FeNO between the treatment group and the control group before and after treatment(P>0. 05). The first second forced expiratory volume(FEV₁)and the ratio of first second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity(FEV₁/FVC)in the high level group of FeNO significantly increased after treatment,and the degree of increase in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group(all P<0. 05). The FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC in low level group of FeNO significantly increased after treatment(all P<0. 05),but the difference between the treatment group and the control group was not significant(P>0. 05). The CAT scores of the high and low levels of FeNO groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment(all P<0. 05),and the decrease was more significant in the high level FeNO group. Conclusions The implementation of FeNO measurement in AECOPD patients can reflect airway inflammation to a certain extent,predict glucocorticoid treatment response,guide the rational and effective application of systemic glucocorticoid and avoid excessive glucocorticoid use.

目的 对比羟氯喹联合半量激素与足量糖皮质激素（激素）治疗IgA肾病在减少尿蛋白、保护肾功能方面的效果以及不良反应的发生率。方法 筛选2020年6月—2022年1月我院收治基线尿蛋白排泄量>1 g/ d、基线估算肾小球滤过率>15 mL/min的IgA肾病患者为研究对象,随机分为羟氯喹+半量激素（Q+G）组及足量激素（G）组。Q+G组予羟氯喹及泼尼松0.5 mg/（kg·d）,G组予泼尼松 1 mg/（kg·d）,比较2组在治疗2、4、6个月后24 h尿蛋白定量的改变值;比较2组6个月内24 h尿蛋白较基线下降>30%的比例、24 h尿蛋白定量下降至1 g以下的比例、估算肾小球滤过率下降>30%的比例以及不良反应发生率。结果 纳入Q+G组49例,G组46例。2组在治疗2、4、6个月后的24 h尿蛋白定量改变值、6个月内24 h尿蛋白较基线下降>30%的比例、24 h尿蛋白定量下降至1 g以下的比例、6个月内估算肾小球滤过率下降>30%的比例比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;Q+G组不良反应发生率低于G组（P<0.05）。结论 与足量激素治疗相比,羟氯喹联合半量激素治疗尿蛋白持续>1 g/d的IgA肾病患者在减少尿蛋白、保护肾功能中的效果相近,而不良反应的发生率较低。

Objective Compared with full-dose glucocorticoid,to evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine combined with half-dose glucocorticoid in the treatment of IgA nephropathy in reducing urinary protein and protecting renal function,as well as the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods From June 2020 to January 2022,patients with IgA nephropathy whose baseline urinary protein excretion>1 g/d and baseline estimate glomerular filtration rate>15 mL/min were enrolled and randomly divided into hydroxychloroquine combined with half-dose glucocorticoid(Q+G)group and full-dose glucocorticoid(G)group. Each patient in Q+G group was given oral hydroxychloroquine and oral prednisone at a dose of 0. 5 mg/(kg·d). Each patient in G group was given prednisone at a dose of 1 mg/(kg·d). The changes in 24-hour urine protein quantification between the two groups at 2,4 and 6 months of treatment were compared;the proportions of 24-hour urine protein decreased by more than 30%,24-hour urine protein decreased to less than 1 g,estimate glomerular filtration rate decreased >30% and adverse reactions within 6 months were compared between the two groups. Results Fourty-nine cases were enrolled in Q+G group and 46 cases in G group. There was no significant difference in the 24-hour urine protein changes between the two groups at 2,4 and 6 months of treatment. The proportion of 24-hour urine protein decreased by 30%,the proportion of the 24-hour urine protein decreased to below 1 g and the proportions of patients whose estimate glomerular filtration rate decreased by >30% within 6 months between the two groups were not significantly different. The proportion of adverse reactions in Q+G group was lower than that in G group. Conclusions Hydroxychloroquine combined with half-dose glucocorticoid has similar effects in reducing urinary protein and protecting renal function and lowering incidence of adverse reactions compared with full-dose glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy whose urinary protein excretion > 1 g/d.

目的 探讨绝经后2型糖尿病人群性激素水平与体质指数（BMI）的关系。方法 收集2022年1月—2023年1月在我院住院的2型糖尿病患者,随机选取自然绝经后女性184例,根据其BMI分组,其中肥胖组23例、超重组74例、BMI正常组87例,比较3组间临床资料及性激素差异。结果 3组间腰围、空腹血糖（FPG）、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、雌激素（E₂）比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,肥胖组和超重组的E₂高于正常组,FSH及LH低于正常组。3组间年龄、糖化血红蛋白、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、催乳素、睾酮、孕酮比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,过高的腰围和较低的FSH、LH是绝经后2型糖尿病女性肥胖的影响因素。结论 2型糖尿病绝经后女性应控制腹型肥胖,定期复查LH、FSH,提早干预。

Objective To investigate the relationship between sex hormone levels and body mass index（BMI）in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）．Methods A total of 184 cases of natural postmenopausal women with T2DM admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were randomly selected,including 23 cases of obesity,74 cases of over weight and 87 cases of normal BMI．The clinical data and sex hormones among the three groups were analyzed．Results Waist circumference,fasting plasma glucose（FPG）,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,uric acid,follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH）,luteinizing hormone（LH）and oestrogen（E₂）levels were significantly different among the three groups（P<0.05）．E₂ levels of the obesity group and the over weight group were significantly higher than that of the normal group,while FSH and LH levels were significantly lower than that of the normal group．There was no significant difference in age,hemoglobin A1c,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,prolactin,testosterone and progesterone levels among the three groups（P>0.05）．Logistic regression analysis showed that higher waist circumference and lower FSH and LH levels were significantly correlated with obesity in postmenopausal women with T2DM．Conclusions Abdominal obesity should be controlled in postmenopausal women with T2DM,and LH and FSH should be periodically reviewed,in order to treat in advance．

目的 分析多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系。方法 此次研究所设置的观察组对象为我院收入的多囊卵巢综合征患者,均在2017年5月—2020年7月入院,入选患者共100例。选取同一时期到我院进行相关检查的健康育龄女性100例作为对照组。分别检测、统计2组女性的性激素[包括性激素黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)]、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)以及胰岛素抵抗指数,对性激素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系进行分析。结果 相比于对照组,观察组女性的LH、T水平更高(P＜0.05),E2、FSH水平更低(P＜0.05),且FBG、FINS、胰岛素抵抗指数均更高(P＜0.05)。观察组中,胰岛素抵抗与非胰岛素抵抗患者的性激素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数,胰岛素抵抗女性与非胰岛素抵抗女性的LH、TE2、FSH水平均具有差异(P＜0.05)。LH、E2、FSH水平与胰岛素抵抗指数无相关性(P＞0.05),T水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈正相关(P＜0.05)。结论 多囊卵巢综合征患者的性激素出现了一定的分泌紊乱现象,其中T水平与胰岛素抵抗具有相关性。

Objective To analyze the relationship between sex hormone levels and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods The subjects of the observation group set up in this study were patients with polycystic ovary syndrome admitted to our hospital, all of whom were admitted from May 2017 to July 2020, and a total of 100 patients were enrolled.One hundred healthy women of childbearing age who came to our hospital for relevant examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Sex hormone [including luteinizing hormone (LH), testosteron (T), estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] levels, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, fasting insulin (FINS) level, and insulin resistance index were detected and summerized in the two groups of women separately, and the relationship between sex hormone levels and insulin resistance was analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, women in the observation group had higher LH and T levels (P<0.05), lower E2 and FSH levels (P<0.05), and higher FBG, FINS levels, and insulin resistance index (P<0.05). In the observation group, sex hormone levels and insulin resistance index in insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant patients, and LH, TE2, and FSH levels in insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant women were different (P<0.05). There was no correlation between LH, E2, and FSH levels and insulin resistance index (P> 0.05), and T level were positively correlated with insulin resistance index (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome showed some disturbance in the secretion of sex hormones, among which T level were correlated with insulin resistance.

目的 分析曲普瑞林联合腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿(OEC)患者的效果。方法 选取我院2019年1月—2020年5月期间收治的OEC患者108例,采用随机抽签法分成研究组与对照组,各54例。对照组行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗,研究组基于对照组加用曲普瑞林治疗,统计对比2组疗效、妊娠率以及术前、术后6个月、1年血清性激素水平[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)]、血清高迁移率组蛋白B1(HMGB1)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平。结果 研究组治疗总有效率92.59%高于对照组75.93%(P＜0.05);术后6个月、1年研究组LH、FSH低于对照组,AMH高于对照组(P＜0.05);术后6个月、1年研究组CA125、RBP4、HMGB1低于对照组(P＜0.05);研究组妊娠率59.26%高于对照组29.63%(P＜0.05)。结论 曲普瑞林联合腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗OEC患者时,可改善性激素水平,提高妊娠率,降低血清CA125、RBP4、HMGB1水平。

目的 观察乳腺癌术后辅助化疗联用槐耳颗粒对内分泌激素及生存期的影响。方法 选取我院肿瘤科于2016年7月—2019年7月进行乳腺癌治疗术的80例乳腺癌患者,将患者按照随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,两组各40例。两组患者均给予预防性止吐等常规治疗,对照组予以表柔比星联合紫杉醇静脉注射,观察组在对照组的基础上给予槐耳颗粒,两组患者均治疗6个月,对比两组患者治疗3个月后血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡雌激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E₂),对比两组患者生存时间、无疾病进展生存期及1年生存率。结果 观察组与对照组LH、FSH、E₂水平对比均P＜0.05。在治疗后通过电话、视频等对所有患者进行随访,随访期间两组患者均无失访,生存时间、无疾病进展生存期、1年生存率对比均有P＜0.05。结论 在乳腺癌术后辅助化疗期联用槐耳颗粒可有效改善内分泌激素指标,并使生存时间获益。

Objective To observe the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy combined with Huaier granule on endocrine hormone and survival time after breast cancer operation. Methods A total of 80 cases of breast cancer patients underwent breast cancer treatment in the oncology department of our hospital from July 2016 to July 2019 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The control group and the observation group had 40 cases each.Two groups of patients were given preventive anti-nausea and other conventional treatment, the control group was treated with epirubicin and paclitaxel intravenous injection, the observation group was treated with Huaier granuleon the basis of treatment of the control group, two groups of patients were treated for 6 months.The serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E₂) were compared between the two groups after 3 months of treatment. The survival time, progression free survival and 1-year survival rate of the two groups were compared. Results The levels of LH, FSH and E₂ in the comparison between two groups were all P<0.05.After treatment, all patients were followed up by telephone or video. During the follow-up period, there was no loss of follow-up in the two groups. The survival time, progression free survival and 1-year survival rate of the two groups were all P<0.05. Conclusion Huaier granule can effectively improve endocrine hormone indexes and survival time in adjuvant chemotherapy period after breast cancer surgery.

目的 探讨将宫腔镜电切手术与高效孕激素治疗相联合,治疗青年女性子宫内膜癌的临床效果以及对患者生育功能的影响。方法 选取2018年5月—2020年5月我院收治的70例青年子宫内膜癌患者作为本次研究对象,根据患者入院时间单双号将患者分为对照组(n=35)和实验组(n=35),对照组患者应用高效孕激素治疗,实验组患者则在对照组的基础上联合应用宫腔镜电切术进行治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、再次妊娠的成功率,及血清CA125水平变化情况。结果 研究组患者在治疗后3个月的治疗有效率为94.2%,高于对照组患者治疗有效率74.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组在治疗后一年内成功受孕率91.4%高于对照组51.4%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组血清CA125水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 将宫腔镜电切术与高效孕激素治疗方式相结合,对治疗青年子宫内膜癌患者效果显著,能够保留患者生育功能的同时,降低血清CA125水平。