目的 分析2024年2月至2026年2月郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）患儿的病原体分布情况及其流行病学特征。方法 选取2024年2月—2026年2月于郑州人民医院就诊的193例ALRTI患儿为研究对象，采集患儿咽拭子样本，统计患儿病原体检测结果，比较不同性别、不同年龄段、不同发病季节患儿病原体分布情况。结果 193例患儿中，经病原体检测出阳性患儿165例，总阳性检出率85.49%，检出率最高的前三位为RSV（20.73%）、MP（19.69%）、HRV（15.54%）；婴儿期患儿RSV感染占比（44.83%）最高，其次为HRV感染（20.69%），幼儿期患儿RSV、HRV、MP感染占比（17.31%、17.31%、19.23%）均较高，学龄前、学龄期患儿MP感染占比（33.33%、26.32%）最高，婴儿期患儿混合感染占比（6.90%）较低，学龄前患儿混合感染占比（20.00%）较高；春季时，各病原体分布较均衡，HRV、MP、SP感染占比（14.58%、12.50%、14.58%）均较高，夏季、秋季时，MP感染率（31.82%、28.85%）较高，冬季时，RSV感染率（55.10%）较高，四个季节中混合感染患儿占比较接近，其中秋季感染率（17.31%）相对较高。结论 2024年至2026年郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿病原体中，RSV、MP为主要病原体，各呼吸道病原体随患儿年龄段、季节变化存在不同发病高峰，临床应结合实际情况早期鉴别病原体，以指导临床制定针对性治疗方案，改善患儿预后。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from February 2024 to February 2026. Methods: A total of 193 pediatric patients with ALRTI who visited Zhengzhou People’s Hospital between February 2024 and February 2026 were selected as study subjects. Throat swab samples were collected from the patients, and pathogen testing results were compiled to compare the distribution of pathogens across different genders, age groups, and seasons of onset. Results: Among the 193 children, 165 tested positive for pathogens, resulting in an overall positive detection rate of 85.49%. The top three most frequently detected pathogens were RSV (20.73%), MP (19.69%), and HRV (15.54%); RSV infection had the highest prevalence (44.83%) among infants, followed by HRV infection (20.69%). Among preschoolers, the prevalence of RSV, HRV, and MP infections (17.31%, 17.31%, and 19.23%, respectively) was relatively high. MP infections were most common among preschool and school-age children (33.33% and 26.32%, respectively); the proportion of mixed infections was lower among infants (6.90%) but higher among preschoolers (20.00%); In spring, the distribution of pathogens was relatively balanced, with high proportions of HRV, MP, and SP infections (14.58%, 12.50%, and 14.58%, respectively). In summer and fall, the MP infection rate was high (31.82% and 28.85%, respectively). In winter, the RSV infection rate (55.10%) was high. The proportion of children with mixed infections was relatively similar across the four seasons, with a relatively higher infection rate (17.31%) in autumn. Conclusion: Among the pathogens identified in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from 2024 to 2026, RSV and MP were the primary pathogens. The incidence peaks of various respiratory pathogens varied according to the children’s age groups and seasons. Clinicians should conduct early pathogen identification based on actual conditions to guide the development of targeted treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.

摘要：目的 分析2022—2024年深圳市福田区危重症孕产妇不同亚组（不同并发症/合并症）的流行病学特征、病因构成及相关因素，为优化区域孕产妇健康管理提供依据。方法 基于福田区危重症孕产妇监测网络，对2022年1月1日至2024年12月31日期间107921例孕产妇个案资料进行回顾性描述性分析，采用描述性流行病学方法及卡方检验分析不同因素与危重症主要并发症的关联。结果 深圳市福田区3年间危重症孕产妇共729例，总体发生率为6.75‰。各年度发生率分别为2022年6.67‰、2023年7.38‰和2024年6.33‰。危重症孕产妇中，≥35岁者占33.7%，本科及以上学历者占53.8%。初检妊娠风险评级为黄色者占比最高（41.98%），高危者占21.9%。最常见并发症为产后出血（43.89%），其次为宫缩乏力（17.28%）、前置胎盘（16.59%）、子痫/子痫前期（14.67%）和胎盘植入（13.99%）。血液系统疾病为最常见合并症（57.75%），内分泌系统疾病次之（24.42%）。单因素分析显示，产后出血的发生与高龄、产检次数不足5次、经产妇身份存在统计学关联（均P<0.05）；前置胎盘的发生与高龄、低学历、非汉族、初检高危评级、产检不足5次、经产存在统计学关联（均P<0.05）。结论 深圳市福田区危重症孕产妇发生率约为6.75‰，产后出血和前置胎盘为主要并发症。单因素分析显示，高龄、产检不足、初检高危分级及经产与上述主要并发症的发生相关。应加强动态妊娠风险管理和多学科协作，完善产科早期预警体系，以降低危重症孕产妇发生率，提高母婴安全水平。

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, etiology composition, and related factors of critically ill pregnant women in Futian District, Shenzhen, from 2022 to 2024. Methods Based on the surveillance network, a retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on 107,921 pregnant women. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the association between different factors and major complications. Results A total of 729 critically ill pregnant women were identified (overall incidence 6.75‰).??The most common complication was postpartum hemorrhage (43.89%), followed by uterine atony (17.28%), placenta previa (16.59%), eclampsia/preeclampsia (14.67%), and placenta accreta (13.99%). Univariate analysis showed that postpartum hemorrhage was statistically associated with advanced age, <5 antenatal visits, and multiparity (all P<0.05). Placenta previa was statistically associated with advanced age, low education level, non-Han ethnicity, high-risk initial assessment, <5 antenatal visits, and multiparity (all P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of critically ill pregnant women in Futian District is approximately 6.75‰. Univariate analysis suggested that advanced age, insufficient antenatal visits, high-risk classification, and multiparity were associated with the main complications. Dynamic risk management and multidisciplinary collaboration should be strengthened.

目的 调查南宁市2022—2024年食源性疾病的发生情况,并分析该地食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为防控食源性疾病提供依据。方法 在2022年1月—2024年12月统计南宁市多中心上报的食源性疾病发生情况,并分析食源性疾病的分布特征。结果 2022年1月—2024年12月在南宁市共计调查21 712例食源性疾病患者,其中男性占49.25%,女性占50.75%;食源性疾病以18~59岁、4~17岁年龄段占比相对较高,在季节方面2022年以秋季占比较高,2023—2024年以夏季占比较高;散居儿童、学生和农民是食源性疾病的主要人群,混合食品、水果及其制品、粮食类及其制品、肉类及其制品为前四位暴露食品;包装方面以散装占比最高、进食场所则以家庭占比最高;食源性疾病患者3年间不同性别、年龄段、发病季节、人群类型、暴露食品、包装形式及进食场所比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。症状主要以消化道症状、其他/全身症状为主。结论 南宁市2022—2024年食源性疾病发生例数有所增长,多发于夏秋季节,散居儿童、学生、农民是食源性疾病的高风险群体,同时针对散装食品,尤其混合食品、水果及其制品、粮食类及其制品、肉类及其制品等主要暴露食品应做好重点防控监测,可根据本地食源性疾病发生的流行病学特征进行对应的宣传教育,以确保食品安全。

Objective To explore the occurrence of foodborne diseases in Nanning City from 2022 to 2024,and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in the area,providing a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases．Methods From January 2022 to December 2024,the incidence of foodborne diseases reported by multiple centers in Nanning City was statistically analyzed,and the distribution characteristics of foodborne diseases were analyzed．Results From January 2022 to December 2024,a total of 21 712 foodborne disease patients were analyzed in Nanning City,among them,males account for 49.25% and females account for 50.75%．Foodborne diseases had a relatively high proportion in the age groups of 18-59 and 4-17 years old．In terms of seasons,the proportion was higher in autumn 2022 and in summer 2023-2024．Scattered children,students,and farmers were the main populations of foodborne diseases,with mixed foods,fruits and their products,grains and their products,and meat and its products being the top four exposed foods．In terms of packaging,bulk packaging had the highest proportion,while in terms of eating places,household packaging has the highest proportion．There were statistically significant differences in the gender,age group,onset season,population type,exposed food,packaging form,and eating location of foodborne disease patients over a three-year period．Conclusions The number of foodborne diseases in Nanning City has increased from 2022 to 2024,mostly occurring in summer and autumn seasons．Scattered children,students,and farmers are high-risk groups for foodborne diseases．At the same time,key prevention and control monitoring should be carried out for bulk foods,especially mixed foods,fruits and their products,grains and their products,meat and their products,and corresponding publicity and education can be carried out according to the epidemiological characteristics of local foodborne diseases to ensure food safety．

目的 分析流行性感冒（流感）患儿的流行病学特征及病原学分布。方法 纳入2020年3月—2023年2月在开封市祥符区第一人民医院确诊为流感的394例1~10岁患儿的咽拭子标本,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应完成流感病毒检测,分析此394例流感患儿感染的病毒类型及年龄、季节、性别、年份等分布情况。结果 甲型H1N1流感病毒为本次研究检出占比最高的流感病毒,占36.04%;男女患儿之间的甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;春季及冬季流感患儿占比最多,分别为41.12%、35.53%,且不同季节之间的甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;7~10岁流感患儿占比最高,为42.13%,不同年龄段患儿之间的甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;2020年流感患儿占比最高,为43.40%,后续依次为2022年的29.70%,2021年的26.90%;不同年份的冬季流感患儿占比比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同年份的各年龄段流感患儿占比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;各年甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 年龄7~10岁的患儿为流感高危群体,且甲型流感为患儿主要感染类型,而甲型流感病毒多见于春、冬季,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间防控政策变化对流感流行有影响,应加强春、冬季7~10岁年龄段患儿的甲流预防工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of children with influenza（flu）．Methods The throat swab specimens of 394 children aged 1 to 10 years old who were diagnosed with influenza at the First People's Hospital of Xiangfu District,Kaifeng City from March 2020 to February 2023 were included．The samples were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction to complete influenza virus detection and analyze the virus types and distribution of age,season,gender,year,etc．among these 394 children with influenza were analyzed．Results Influenza A H1N1 virus was the influenza virus with the highest proportion detected in this study,accounting for 36.04%;there were differences in the proportions of influenza A H3,A H1N1,BV,and B BY influenza viruses between male and female children,with no statistical significance（P>0.05）;the proportion of children with influenza is the largest in spring and winter,41.12% and 35.53% respectively,and proportions of influenza A H3,A H1N1,B BV,and B BY influenza in different seasons were significantly different（P<0.05）．Children aged 7 to 10 accounted for the highest proportion of influenza patients,42.13%．Among children of different ages,the proportion of influenza A H3,A H1N1,B BV,B BY had no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）．The proportion of children with influenza in 2020 was the highest at 43.40%,followed by 29.70% in 2022 and 26.90% in 21;in different years there is a statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with influenza in winter（P<0.05）．There is no statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with influenza of all ages in different years（P>0.05）．The preportions of influenza A H3 and A H1N1,B BV and B BY viruses in each year,had no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）．Conclusions Children aged 7 to 10 years old are a high-risk group for influenza,and influenza A is the main type of infection in children．Influenza A viruses are more common in spring and winter．Changes in prevention and control policies during the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic have an impact on the epidemic of influenza．Therefore,prevention of influenza A for children aged 7 to 10 years old in spring and winter should be strengthened．

《流行病学》作为公共卫生与预防医学的主干课程,对于培养高质量公共卫生人才至关重要。在大数据、人工智能和互联网技术迅猛发展的时代背景下,传统的单一教学模式已无法满足现代医学教育的需求。线上线下混合教学模式逐渐成为高等医学教育的主要教学方式。这种模式结合了线上资源的丰富性和线下课堂的互动性,能够拓展教学内容,提高学生的自主学习能力。通过大数据分析和人工智能技术,可以提供个性化学习体验和实时反馈,优化教学效果。然而,这一模式在实际应用中仍面临诸如资源整合不够、师生互动不足等挑战。文章以广州医科大学为例,分析了《流行病学》课程中混合教学模式的优势与不足,并提出了针对性的改进建议。通过这些建议,旨在提升混合教学模式的有效性,为未来教学改革提供新的思路和参考。

Epidemiology,as a core course in public health and preventive medicine,is crucial for training high-quality public health professionals．With the rapid development of big data,artificial intelligence,and internet technologies,traditional single-mode teaching methods no longer meet the demands of modern education．The blended learning model,combining online and offline teaching,has gradually become a primary method in higher medical education．This model integrates the richness of online resources with the interactivity of offline classes,expanding instructional content and enhancing students' self-directed learning abilities．By leveraging big data analysis and artificial intelligence,personalized learning experiences and real-time feedback can be provided to optimize teaching effectiveness．However,this model still faces challenges such as inadequate resource integration and insufficient teacher-student interaction in practical application．This study uses a medical university as a case study to analyze the advantages and limitations of the blended learning model in epidemiology courses and proposes targeted improvement suggestions．The aim is to enhance the effectiveness of blended learning and provide new insights and references for future teaching reforms．

目的 了解广州市肾综合征出血热住院病例临床表现和流行病学特征,分析患者出现重症的影响因素,为加深疾病认知和识别重症提供科学依据。方法 回顾性选取2014年1月以来在广州市二级及以上医疗机构住院的明确诊断为肾综合征出血热的患者572例作为本研究研究对象,自行设计问卷,收集患者流行病学史、临床表现和实验室检测结果,采用多因素Logistic回归分析识别患者重症HFRS的影响因素。结果 572例患者中男406人,女166人,男女比2.45:1,年龄最小者14岁,最大89岁,平均年龄(41.21±14.16)岁。临床表现以发热、起病急、乏力为主,三者分别占比96.33%、88.29%和82.32%,重症病例93例,重症率16.26%,不同颈红、胸红、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、眼睑浮肿、黄疸、少尿或无尿、低血压、休克、白细胞计数减少、尿膜状物情况和鼠类暴露情况的患者重症发生率差异有统计学意义(均 P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄为40～49岁、呕吐、休克、房内有老鼠及食物粮食无防鼠设备是患者发生重症的危险因素,其OR值和95%CI分别为2.712(95%CI:1.039~7.077)、2.99(95%CI:1.462~6.114)、5.822(95%CI:1.891~17.927)和3.292(95%CI:1.479 ~7.327)。结论 临床表现有呕吐和休克症状以及有明确的啮齿类动物暴露史者重症的风险更高,在今后的防治中,应进一步加强健康宣传教育,广泛开展灭鼠活动,临床上对存在高危风险的病例进行早期干预以提高患者的预后效果。

Objective To understand the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Guangzhou, analyze the influencing factors of patients with severe illness, and provide scientific basis for deepening disease recognition and identifying severe illness. Methods A retrospective selection of 572 patients with a clear diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome who were hospitalized in second-level and higher medical institutions in Guangzhou since January 2014 were selected as the research objects. Questionnaires were designed and the epidemiological history clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of patients were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of patients with severe HFRS. Results Among the 572 patients, there were 406 males and 166 females. The male-to-female ratio was 2.45:1. The youngest was 14 years old, the oldest was 89 years old, and the average age was (41.21±14.16)years old. The clinical manifestations were mainly fever, acute onset, and fatigue, which accounted for 96.33%, 88.29% and 82.32%. There were 93 severe cases with a severe rate of 16.26%. Different neck redness, chest redness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and nausea, vomiting, eyelid edema, jaundice, oliguria or anuria, hypotension, shock, decreased white blood cell count, urine membranes and rodent exposure, there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of severe illness (all P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis of factors showed that the age of 40-49 years, vomiting, shock, the presence of rats in the room, and food without rodent-proof equipment were risk factors for severe illness. The OR values and 95%CI were 2.712 (95 %CI: 1.039-7.077), 2.99 (95%CI: 1.462-6.114), 5.822 (95%CI: 1.891-17.927) and 3.292 (95%CI: 1.479-7.327). Conclusion Patients with clinical manifestations of vomiting and shock symptoms and a clear history of rodent exposure are at higher risk of severe illness. In the future prevention and treatment, health promotion and education should be further strengthened, rodent control activities should be carried out extensively, and early intervention is taken clinically to improve the patient's healing effect.

目的 了解从化地区儿童人冠状病毒((human coronavirus,HCoV)流行情况和临床特点,观察人冠状病毒分型OC43(HCoV-OC43)基因分布特点,探讨从化地区小儿呼吸道感染HCoV-OC43分离株与国内的HCoV-OC43分离株的同源性与基因分型,探讨HCoV-OC43与小儿呼吸道感染疾病的关系,为预防和控制呼吸道疾病提供依据。方法 本研究从化地区2017年1月—2019年6月门诊就诊的6个月~14岁的儿童610例,采集鼻咽拭子标本,病毒检测阳性的患者,这些标本取自患有急性上呼吸道感染或下呼吸道感染疾病的患者,表现出呼吸道感染的症状,例如发热(体温> 37.5℃)、咽痛、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽和咳痰等。采用荧光定量PCR方法,对HCoV-OC43病毒核酸进行分析和测序。采用直接免疫荧光法检测其他7种常见呼吸道病毒;包括:流感病毒 A、B型(influenza virus,IVA、B)、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 型 (parainfluenza virus, PIVⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ)、呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)、腺病毒(ad enovirus, ADV)共七种常见呼吸道病毒进行检测,通过HCoV-OC43和常见呼吸道病毒的病毒监测,找出从化地区呼吸道感染患儿HCoV-OC43的N蛋白编码基因的特征。结果 从化地区6月~14岁的呼吸道感染儿童610例,采集鼻咽拭子标本,病毒检测阳性的患者,分析了8种呼吸道病毒,重点分析HCoV-OC43的临床特点。从发病时间月份分布可以看出,人HCoV-OC43主要是在春季流行, HCoV-OC43全年均可检出,春季4月份和5月份检出率较高,冬季较低,但不同月份的检出率无差异。各种常见病毒的发病率,流感病毒A(IVA)111例(18.20%)、流感病毒B(IVB)61例(10.00%)、副流感病毒Ⅰ(PIVⅠ)42例(6.89%)、副流感病毒Ⅱ(PIVⅡ)34例(5.57%)、副流感病毒Ⅲ(PIVⅢ)77例(12.62%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)135例(22.14%)、腺病毒(ADV) 82例(13.45%),冠状病毒(HCoV-OC43)68例(11.14%)。呼吸道感染多为流感病毒(A+B)和副流感病毒(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)共325例(53.28%),其次是合胞病毒感染135例(22.14%),腺病毒(ADV) 82例(13.45%),冠状病毒感染最低68例(11.14%)。建立荧光定量PCR方法检测HCoV-OC43 病毒分离及基因分型测序,阳性PCR 产物测序,与HCoV-OC43中N 蛋白基因序列进行比较分析,该地区冠状病毒具有临床多样性,与国内已发表的菌株HCoV-OC43相比具有很高的同源性。结论 人冠状病毒OC43的检出率与以前的报道相符,未发现新的传染性冠状病毒,冠状病毒HCoV-OC43的流行趋势稳定,所有呼吸道感染者均表现出正常的呼吸道感染症状。常见呼吸道病毒检测, 对临床早期诊断和合理用药具有重要意义。

目的 分析医院登革热阳性病例特别是重症患者的临床和实验室和流行病学特征可为登革热的早期诊断和预防控制提供依据。方法 收集2010年—2017年期间944例就诊于广州市第一人民医院并经实验室确诊的登革热患者。根据疾病的严重程度将入选患者分为3组,比较各组之间的临床和生物学变量,并使用多元回归分析了严重登革热的危险因素的影响。结果 本研究通过对7年间944例登革热患者进行回顾性分析发现登革热病例以轻症为主,77.5%的患者有基础疾病,主要为糖尿病(15.4%)和高血压患者(34%)。大部分患者就诊时表现为高热(39.05±0.67)℃,登革病毒IgM和(或)IgG阳性,白细胞及血小板减少明显及肝、肾功能异常。重症患者AST和LDH值相比轻症者升高。冠心病和肿瘤疾病的患者发生重症的比例更高。流行趋势分析显示7年间登革热出现1次爆发(2014年)。每年9～10月为登革热高发季节。登革热发病率在男女间无统计学差异。男性和女性的高发年龄分别71～80岁和51～60岁。10岁以下发病率最小,50～80岁年龄段发病率最高。结论 广州市第一人民医院登革热患者以老年人为主,基础性疾病患者是登革热高危人群。登革热患者具有高热、登革病原检测阳性、血象和肝肾功能异常的特征;临床医生在9～10月高发季节加强对高热患者的登革病原检查有利于登革热早期诊断和防治。

Objective The Guangzhou area is a high-risk area for dengue fever. This study aim to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and prevention of dengue fever by analyzing the clinical and laboratory characteristics and epidemiological analysis of dengue patients in Guangzhou,especially in critically ill patients. Methods A total of 944 patients with dengue fever diagnosed at the First People's Hospital of Guangzhou from 2010 to 2017 were collected. The enrolled patients were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of the disease,the clinical and biological variables between the groups were compared,and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of risk factors for severe dengue. Results This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of 944 patients with dengue fever in the past 7 years,showing that dengue fever cases in Guangzhou are mainly mild. 77.5% of them have underlying diseases,mainly diabetes (15.4%) and hypertension (34%). Most patients developed high fever (39.05±0.67)℃ at the time of seeing doctors,positive for dengue virus IgM and/or IgG,decreased white blood cells and thrombocytopenia,and abnormal liver and kidney function. AST and LDH values were significantly elevated in critically ill patients compared with mild cases. Patients with coronary heart disease and neoplastic disease have a higher proportion of severe cases. Epidemiological analysis of dengue virus showed an outbreak of dengue fever in 7 years (2014). September-October is the season of high incidence of dengue fever. The incidence of dengue fever was not statistically different between men and women. The high-incidence ages of men and women are 71～80 years old and 51～60 years old,respectively. The incidence rate is the lowest under the age of 10,and the highest in the 50～80 age group. Conclusion Dengue fever patients in Guangzhou are dominated by the elderly,and patients with underlying diseases are at high risk of dengue fever. Dengue fever patients have high fever,positive dengue pathogen detection,blood and liver and kidney dysfunction characteristics. Strengthening the dengue pathogen examination for hyperthermia patients during the high season of September-October is conducive to the early diagnosis and prevention of dengue fever.

目的 探讨市区院前急救流行病学特征,为制定院前急救策略和合理调配急救资源提供参考依据。方法 采用回顾性资料收集方法选取我院2013—2014年院前急救患者14000例(对照组),2017年院前急救患者9 630例(观察组)作为研究对象,对两组的性别、年龄、死亡原因等建立数据库,采用描述性研究和圆形分布方法进行统计分析,并对比两组数据,分析院前急救患者变化趋势。结果 对照组急救患者性别男性所占比例高于女性,年龄45~55岁所占比例最高,死亡原因创伤所占比例最高,心脑血管疾病其次;观察组急救患者性别男性所占比例高于女性,但低于对照组男性所占比例,年龄45~55岁所占比例最高,但比例低于对照组,死亡原因创伤所占比例最高,心脑血管疾病其次。结论 根据院前急救时间分布规律合理调配急救资源,充分发挥院前急救功能,提高院前急救水平。

目的 本文对广州市妇女儿童医疗中心2014—2016年院间转运的神经系统患儿进行流行病学分析,探讨危重神经系统疾病患儿转运的安全性。方法 将2014年1月—2016年12月年广州市妇女儿童医疗中心神经系统疾病危重患儿转运986例进行回顾性分析。结果 986例神经系统疾病危重患儿的转运,转运途中无1例死亡,转运男女比例为1.91∶1,转诊患儿的年龄分布主要集中在1月～2岁11个月,占56.64%;转诊患儿无季节性差异,93.96%的疾病是“抽搐查因”和“颅内感染”,81.12%转诊患儿转运半径在150公里以内。结论 由于基层医院受医疗技术、医疗设备的限制,神经系统疾病危重患儿有必要转诊到三级医院进行救治;根据转运神经系统疾病危重患儿的流行病学特征,转运中心应该采取应急措施达到及时安全有效的院间转运。

Objective Children with nervous system diseases needed transfer between hospitals in Guangzhou women and children medical center from 2014 to 2016 was analyzed by the epidemiological method. To explore the safety of the critically ill children with transshipment in diseases of the nervous system. Methods 986 children with nervous system diseases needed transfer between hospitals was given a retrospective analysis. Results In 986 cases transit there were no deaths, male to female ratiowas 1.91∶1; referral of children's age distribution was mainly concentrates in 1 months to 2 years 11 months old, accounting for 56.64%; there was seasonal difference with referral children; 93.96% of the disease were “tic check for” and “intracranial infection”; 81.12% of children of the referral transfer within 150 km radius. Conclusion Critically ill children with nervous system disease referred to a tertiary hospital for treatment is necessary because of the grass-roots hospitals restricted by medical technology and equipments. According to the epidemiological characteristics of transport of critically ill children with nervous system disease, transit center should take emergency measures to arrive timely, safe and effective among hospitals.