目的 通过对不同职业人群前列腺疾病患病情况及相关危险因素进行分析,探讨不同职业人群前列腺疾病的患病率及相关危险因素。方法 选择2019年1月—2019年12月在我院健康管理中心进行前列腺超声检查的不同职业人群3 219例,按其职业分为5类:医务人员、国企职工、私企职工、高校教职工和银行职工,分析不同职业人群前列腺疾病患病情况及其相关影响因素。结果 3 219例受检者中,前列腺疾病的患病率为43.96%,前列腺疾病患病率随着年龄的增长而升高(P＜0.001);20～29岁及30～39岁年龄组前列腺钙化患病率均高于其他三种类型前列腺疾病(P＜0.001),而60岁以上年龄组前列腺增生和合并两种及以上前列腺疾病患病率均高于其他两种类型前列腺疾病(P＜0.001);前列腺增生和合并两种及以上前列腺疾病的患病率均随着年龄的增长而递增(P＜0.001);不同职业人群前列腺疾病的患病率不同(P＜0.001),银行职工的前列腺疾病患病率最高,为52.36%;体质量指数升高组、血压升高组和血脂升高组的前列腺钙化患病率均高于其对应的正常组(P＜0.05);体质量指数升高组、血糖升高组、血压升高组和血脂升高组的前列腺增生患病率均高于其对应的正常组(P＜0.001)。结论 不同的职业群体前列腺疾病的患病情况不一样,体质量指数升高、血压升高、血脂升高及血糖升高等相关因素增加患前列腺疾病的风险,应加强前列腺疾病预防保健方面的健康宣传,提倡健康的生活方式,从而降低前列腺疾病的患病率。

Objective To study on epidemic situation of prostate disease and related risk factors in different occupational groups by analyzing the prevalence and related risk factors of prostate disease in different occupational groups. Methods 3 219 cases of five different occupations including medical staffs, state-owned enterprise staffs, private enterprise staffs,college staffs and bank staffs who had underwent prostate ultrasonography in the health management centre department of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019 were included as study objects to analyze the prevalence of prostate disease and its related factors in different occupational groups. Results The prevalence of prostate disease was 43.96% in 3 219 cases of different occupational groups, and the prevalence of prostate disease increased greatly with age(P＜0.001). The detection rates of prostate calcification in the age group of 20-29 and 30-39 were greatly higher than the other three types of prostate diseases(P＜0.001). The detection rate of BPH and with two or more prostate diseases in the age group over 60 years old was greatly higher than the other two types of prostate diseases(P＜0.001);The detection rates of BPH and with two or more prostate diseases were significantly increased with age (P＜0.001). There was an obvious difference inthe prevalence of prostate diseasesamong different occupational groups(P＜0.001). The prevalence of prostate disease in bank staffs was 52.36%, which was the highest among the five occupations. The prevalence of prostate calcification in the group with high body mass index, high blood pressure and high blood lipid were greatly higher than that of their normal group(P＜0.05). The prevalence of BPH in the group with high body mass index, high blood glucose, high blood pressure and high blood lipid were higher than that of their greatly normal group(P＜0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of prostate diseases is different among different occupational groups. Relative factors such as high body mass index, high blood glucose, high blood pressure and high blood lipid will increase the risk of prostate disease. By strengthening the health promotion of prostate disease prevention and health care, promoting a healthy lifestyle, it may reduce the prevalence of prostate disease.

目的 探讨继发性肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的临床特点及相关高危因素。方法 收集广州市胸科医院2017年7月—2019年10月收治的继发性肺结核患者资料,病程均大于3个月,分为真菌感染组106例和非真菌感染组100例进行回顾性分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示,合并肺部其他疾病、非初治、咯血、空洞、应用广谱抗生素>l周、侵袭性操作存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析结果显示,广谱抗生素使用>l周、侵袭性操作为真菌感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 对于应用广谱抗生素、进行侵袭性操作的肺结核患者应警惕真菌感染风险,及早预防及诊治。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and related high risk factors of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary fungal infection. Methods Data of patients with secondary tuberculosis admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were collected. All patients with a course of disease longer than 3 months were divided into the fungal infection group (n =106) and the non-fungal infection group (n =100) for retrospective analysis. Results Univariate analysis results showed that there were statistical differences in combined other pulmonary diseases, non-initial treatment, hemoptysis, cavity, application of broad-spectrum antibiotic > for 1 week, and invasive operation (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that >1 week of broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures were independent risk factors for fungal infection (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with tuberculosis who are treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures should be alert to the risk of fungal infection, early prevention and treatment should be undertaken.

目的 探讨老年急性缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染患者的临床特征和相关危险因素。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选择2017年7月— 2019年10月深圳市第二人民医院神经内科收治的1 113例老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者,其中卒中并发肺部感染患者(108 例)纳入感染组,未并发肺部感染患者(1 005例)纳入对照组。以单因素对比分析两组患者的临床资料,采用 Logistic多因素回归分析方法分析合并肺部感染的高危因素。结果 单因素分析提示两组年龄(尤其是高龄患者)、住院天数、房颤、脑梗死史、慢性肺疾病、吞咽困难、言语不清、意识障碍差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素 Logistics 回归分析显示,高龄(≥80岁)、住院天数、脑梗死史、吞咽困难、言语不清、意识障碍与老年急性缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染密切相关。结论 老年急性缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染的独立危险因素主要是高龄(≥80 岁)、住院天数、脑梗死史、吞咽困难、言语不清、意识障碍,临床应高度重视。

Objective Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke complicated with pulmonary infection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 1 113 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the department of neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from July 2017 to October 2019. Among them, 108 patients with stroke complicated with pulmonary infection were included in the infection group and 1 005 patients without concurrent pulmonary infection were included in the control group. The clinical data of the two groups were analyzed by single factor comparison, and the risk factors for pulmonary infection were analyzed by logistic multiple factor regression analysis. Results Single factor analysis showed there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in age (especially elderly patients), length of stay in hospital, atrial fibrillation, history of cerebral infarction, chronic pulmonary disease, dysphagia, slurred speech, and disturbance of consciousness (P <0.05). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that old age (≥80 years old), length of stay in hospital, history of cerebral infarction, dysphagia, slurred speech, and disturbance of consciousness were closely related to pulmonary infection in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion The independent risk factors of acute ischemic stroke complicated with pulmonary infection in the elderly mainly include old age (≥80 years old), length of stay in hospital, history of cerebral infarction, dysphagia, slurred speech and disturbance of consciousness, which should be paid more attention to clinically.

目的 探讨不同年龄儿童性早熟的影响因素及预防措施。方法 本文将2020年1月—2021年1月的性早熟儿童45例(观察组)与正常健康儿童45例(对照组)作为研究对象,通过问卷调查的形式了解所选儿童的家庭因素、饮食、生活方式与社会因素等方面的情况,通过单因素分析与多因素分析探讨相关影响因素。结果 观察组不同年龄段儿童在骨龄、身高、体质量、BMI方面存在统计学差异,P＜0.05;观察组性激素水平明显高于对照组,P＜0.05。结论 儿童性早熟的发生与生活习惯、家庭关系、饮食习惯、母亲初潮年龄等因素有关,帮助其养成科学合理的生活习惯与饮食习惯,改善家庭关系可很好的降低并预防儿童性早熟的发生。对于已经出现性早熟现象的儿童来说,学校与家庭要及时给予其合理的健康教育,包括心理方面与生殖健康方面,及时有效的疏导可有效避免性早熟对儿童心理方面造成不良影响。

Objective To explore the influencing factors and preventive measures of precocious puberty in children of different ages. Methods 45 cases of precocious puberty children (observation group) and 45 cases of normal healthy children (control group) from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. The family factors, diets, lifestyles and social factors of the selected children were investigated by questionnaire survey, and the related influencing factors were discussed by single factor analysis and multi factor analysis. Results There were statistical differences in bone age, height, weight and BMI among children of different ages in the observation group, P<0.05. The levels of sex hormones in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, P<0.05. Conclusion The occurrence of children's precocious puberty is related to living habits, family relations, eating habits, mother's menarche ages and other factors. To help them develop scientific and reasonable living habits and dietary habits and improve family relations can reduce and prevent the occurrence of children's precocious puberty. For children with precocious puberty, schools and families should give them proper health education in time, including psychological and reproductive health. Timely and effective counseling can effectively avoid the adverse effects of precocious puberty on children's psychology.

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者症状负担的现状,并分析影响因素。方法 采用一般状况调查表、血液透析患者症状评估量表、慢性病自我效能量表对96名维持性血液透析患者进行调查。结果 维持性血液透析患者症状负担总得分为63.76±46.70,平均每位患者经历14.10±7.91个症状;其中自我效能、原发病、是否进行日常运动、碱性磷酸酶、血清钠是独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。结论 根据影响因素采取针对性的干预措施,有望缓解患者的症状负担。

Objective To explore the symptom burden and evaluate the risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods A total of 96 patients were retrospectively investigated by Karnofsky Performance Status, dialysis symptom index and chronic disease self-efficacy scale.Results The total score of symptom burden in patients was 63.76±46.70. The average experienced symptoms were 14.10±7.91 per patient. The result by multiple regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy, the primary disease, daily exercises, the level of alkaline phosphatase and sodium in serum were independent risk factors for symptom burden in patients.Conclusion Tailored treatments based on risk factors for hemodialysis patients may relieve their symptom burden.

目的 探讨糖尿病肾病患者肾功能恶化的危险因素。 方法 采用回顾性队列研究分析山东省立第三医院2017年1月—2020年5月108例患者的临床数据。将病人分为糖尿病肾病肌酐翻倍组和不翻倍组,比较两组间临床数据的变化。结果 糖尿病肾病肌酐翻倍组的BUN、胱抑素C和ACR水平均高于肌酐不翻倍组;eGFR、CO₂、ALB、HGB均低于肌酐不翻倍组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而UA、GLU、血脂、糖化血红蛋白,糖尿病和高血压病史差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析表明血肌酐与BUN、eGFR、胱抑素C、ACR呈正相关;与ALB,HGB和CO₂呈负相关。多元线性回归分析结果显示,eGFR,胱抑素C,ACR, ALB和HGB是糖尿病肾病肾功能恶化的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 糖尿病肾病除检测肾功能的常规指标外,还可观察ACR、ALB和HGB水平的变化,对判断患者肾功能是否恶化有一定价值。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of renal function deterioration in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods Retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 108 patients from January 2017 to May 2020 in the Third Hospital of Shandong Province. Patients were divided into diabetic nephropathy creatinine doubling group and non-doubling group. The changes of clinical data in two groups were compared and the risk factors of renal function deterioration were analyzed. Results The levels of BUN、cystatin C and ACR in the creatinine doubling group were higher than those in the creatinine non-doubling group, and the levels of eGFR、CO₂、ALB、 HGB were lower than those in the creatinine non-doubling group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the levels of UA, blood glucose, blood lipid, glycosylated hemoglobin, the history of diabetes and hypertension (P>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that serum creatinine was positively correlated with BUN、 eGFR、cystatin C and ACR and negatively correlated with CO₂、ALB and HGB. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that eGFR、cystatin C、ACR、ALB and HGB were independent influencing factors of renal function deterioration(all P<0.05). Conclusion Diabetic nephropathy can not only notice the routine indexes of renal function, but also observe the changes of ACR、ALB and HGB levels, which has certain value for awareing the renal function deterioration in patients.

目的 探讨儿童贫血与血红蛋白等因素的相关性。方法 选取2017年7月——2019年5月于天津市河东区6月龄至5岁以下的儿童作为研究对象参与血红蛋白的检测,剔除重复值及缺失值后,共纳入453例儿童,根据儿童血红蛋白水平将儿童分为贫血组及健康组,对儿童家属进行相关问卷调查,通过Logistic回归分析探讨儿童贫血的影响因素。结果 该社区453例儿童中贫血儿童116例,贫血检出率为25.61%,Hb含量为(125.34±13.75)g/L。贫血组及健康组儿童月龄、主要照顾者、照顾者对喂养知识的知晓率、出生6个月后的喂养方式及添加辅食年龄比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:6~＜12个月、照顾者对喂养知识的知晓＜60%、出生6个月后混合喂养、4~6个月添加辅食均为影响儿童发生贫血的危险因素(OR=2.78、3.82、3.90、3.50)。结论 天津市河东区儿童的贫血情况较为严重,政府相关机构应制定相关的营养改善政策,加大有关儿童正确喂养知识的宣传,同时,医疗机构应对贫血儿童做好相应的健康检查,完善父母的公共卫生教育工作。

目的 回顾性分析因化疗需要行完全植入式输液港的乳腺癌患者相关血栓形成的因素。方法 收集广州市第一人民医院乳腺外科2018年5月—2019年4月期间行植入式输液港置入术的60例乳腺癌患者相关资料,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 输液港相关血栓形成(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)发生率为21/60(35%)。BMI≤24的患者CRT发生率为30.3%,BMI＞24则为40.74%;行4、6、8次化疗的CRT发生率分别为20%、33.34%、44.12%,导管末端位于T5-T8的CRT发生分别为:66.67%, 26.09%, 28.57%, 50%;Ki-67高表达的血栓发生率为27.5%,低Ki-67表达则为50%;导管材质为聚氨酯的血栓发生率为47.62%,硅胶材质则为28.21%,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。雌激素受体/孕激素受体(estragen receptor/progesterone receptor,ER/PR)阴性的CRT发生率为60%,ER/PR阳性则为23.8%(P＜0.05);人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)阳性CRT发生率为50%,HER-2阴性CRT发生率则为23.53%(P＜0.05)。多因素分析:相对于ER/PR阳性,ER/PR阴性将增加CRT的发生(OR=4.482, 95%CI:1.116～17.998, P＜0.05);Ki-67的表达对血栓形成的影响具有统计学意义(OR=7.051, 95%CI:1.513～32.858, P＜0.05);HER-2表达对CRT的形成均无统计学意义(OR=0.254,95%CI:0.058～1.115, P＞0.05)。结论 血栓形成是植入式输液港术后常见的并发症,与肿瘤ER/PR表达相关,临床上应得到重视。

Objective To analyse the factors that lead to venous thrombosis among breast cancer patients who need totally implantable access port(TIAP) for chemotherapy. Methods Collecting the clinical data of 60 breast patients admitted to Guanzhou First People's Hospital from May 2018 to April 2019, analysed with SPSS 26.0. Results Catheter-related thrombosis(CRT) occurred in 21 out of 60(35%) patients with TIAP. 30.3% patients with BMI≤24 and 40.74% patients with BMI＞24 had CRT, and incidences of CRT were 20%, 33.34%, 44.12% at the fourth, sixth, eighth therapy respectively. The access terminal position at T5-T8 had 66.67%, 26.09%, 28.57%, 50% of incidence for CRT respectively. 27.5% CRT was with high Ki-67 expression and 50% CRT was with low Ki-67 expression; 47.62% patients with polyurethane catheter and 28.21% patients with silicone catheter got CRT. There were no significant differences in the comparisons above. CRT incidence in ER/PR negative patients was 60%,while 23.08% in ER/PR positive patients (P＜0.05). In HER-2 positive and negative patients, the incidences of CRT were 50% and 23.53% (P＜0.05). Logistic regression noticed that ER/PR negative would increase the incidence of CRT(OR=4.482, 95%CI:1.116～17.998, P＜0.05), low Ki-67 expression would accelerate CRT(OR=7.051, 95%CI:1.513～32.858, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the formation of CRT with HER-2 expression(OR=0.254, 95%CI:0.058～1.115, P＞0.05). Conclusion CRT was a common complication of TIAP, which related with ER/PR expression, and should pay attention to during clinical practices.

目的 通过对广东地区流行季节的发热新生儿肠道病毒感染临床特点及高危因素探讨,对高危患儿采取有效防治措施。方法 以2019年5月—10月广东省妇幼保健院门诊因发热收治入院的诊断为肠道病毒感染28例新生儿为研究对象,回顾性分析这些患儿的临床资料,分析新生儿肠道病毒感染的高危因素。结果 因发热收治入院的新生儿检测后肠道病毒感染发病率达38.3%,热峰高于38.5℃,发热持续时间大于3 d、细菌培养阴性是新生儿肠道病毒感染的高危因素。结论 在肠道病毒流行季节,对发热新生儿均应常规进行肠道病毒检测,肠道病毒感染患儿,经过有效的治疗后,能够取得较好的治疗效果,但需及时控制病毒的传播途径,针对相关危险因素进行有效的控制,从而降低发病率。

目的 探讨骨科手术患者住院费用的影响因素,为疾病负担分析提供线索,为合理有效控制骨科手术患者住院费用增长提供参考依据。方法 提取某院2013年、2018年两年全部骨科手术患者住院病案首页信息,对其进行统计分析,利用单因素分析、多元线性回归分析住院总费用的影响因素。结果 住院年份、性别、年龄、住院天数、出院科室、是否患有慢性内科疾病、切口愈合类型、麻醉方式、是否转科、病例分型、入院途径、手术是否择期和手术级别等是影响住院总费用的因素。合并慢性病患者,住院费用多于未合并者(P<0.000 1),病例分型为疑难危重患者住院费用大于一般患者(P<0.000 1),入院途径为急诊患者住院费用大于门诊患者(P<0.000 1),需转科患者住院费用大于未转科患者(P<0.000 1),三、四级手术患者住院费用高于一、二级手术患者(P<0.000 1)。结论 加强慢性病的防治,提高对疑难、急危重症患者的诊治水平,是缩短平均住院日、降低骨科手术患者住院费的一个重要途径。