严重烧伤后患者免疫功能的失调,易导致创面感染、全身炎症反应综合征、脓毒症、感染性休克等并发症,增加患者病死率。免疫细胞功能适度的活化将有助于烧伤患者抵御外界病原体的侵袭、促进创面的愈合,但功能过度激活或者功能低下,则会引发一系列严重的后果。本文旨在归纳严重烧伤后中性粒细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、NK细胞及T淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的功能变化与炎症反应之间的关系,为完善烧伤患者诊疗、减少并发症、改善预后提供新的思路。

The imbalance of immune function in severely burned patients can easily lead to wound infection,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,sepsis,septic shock and other complications,which increase the mortality of patients. Moderate activation of immune cell function will help burned patients to resist the invasion of external pathogens and promote wound healing,but excessive activation or low function can lead to a series of serious consequences. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the relationship between the functional changes of immune cells such as neutrophils,monocytes/macrophages,mast cells,NK cells,T lymphocytes and inflammatory reaction after severe burns,and to provide new ideas for improving the diagnosis and treatment of burned patients,reducing complications and improving the prognosis.

目的 探究连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）联合HA330血液灌流在改善创伤脓毒症急性肾损伤患者肾功能及炎症反应中的应用效果。方法 选择我院2021年1月—2023年1月期间接诊的98例创伤脓毒症急性肾损伤患者开展研究,随机抽签法分为观察组（联合CVVH、HA330血液灌流治疗）、对照组（予以CVVH治疗）,各49例,对比临床疗效,包括肾功能、炎症反应、不良反应、预后情况。结果 治疗5 d后,观察组临床总有效率为93.84%,高于对照组73.47%（P<0.05）;观察组血清肌酐、尿素氮较对照组明显改善（P<0.05）;观察组IL-6、hs-CRP水平低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组序贯器官衰竭估计评分、急性生理与慢性健康评分系统评分较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论 CVVH联合HA330血液灌流在改善创伤脓毒症急性肾损伤患者肾功能及炎症反应中的疗效良好,且安全性高,有利于减轻患者炎症反应,控制病情进展,从而改善肾功能及预后。

目的 探讨功能性消化不良（FD）患者应用乳果糖联合莫沙必利治疗的临床疗效及药物对肠道菌群的影响。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年12月来院诊治的180例FD患者作为研究对象,随机分为2组,每组90例,对照组口服莫沙必利片,观察组服用莫沙必利片+乳果糖口服液,4周后观察2组患者治疗后临床症状改善率及肠道菌群数量的情况。结果 治疗4周后,观察组的总有效率（86.67%）高于对照组（72.22%）,P<0.05;观察组的乳杆菌菌群数多于对照组,肠球菌、肠杆菌菌群数少于对照组,P<0.05。结论 乳果糖联合莫沙必利用于FD患者临床治疗,总有效率高于单用莫沙必利,患者症状获得有效改善,明显改善FD患者肠道菌群水平。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and effect on intestinal flora of lactulose combined with mosapride in patients with functional dyspepsia（FD）．Methods A total of 180 FD patients admitted to the hospital in January 2019 and December 2021 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into two groups,90 cases in each group．The control group took oxapride orally and the observation group took lactulose oral solution additionally．After 4 weeks,the improvement rate of clinical symptoms and the number of intestinal flora of patients were observed．Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group（86.67%）was obviously higher than that of the control group（76.67%）,P<0.05;the number of Lactobacillus in the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the numbers of Enterococcus and Enterobacteria were less than that of the control group,P<0.05．Conclusions The total effective rate of lactulose combined with mosalabin for FD patients is higher than that of mossalapride alone．The symptoms are effectively improved,and the intestinal flora level of FD patients is significantly improved．

目的 对比颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA）不同时间预处理对患者术后应激反应及神经功能的影响。方法 回顾性收集2019年12月—2022年12月在我院择期行CEA术治疗的74例颈动脉狭窄（CS）患者临床资料,按远隔缺血预处理（RIPC）时间不同分成2组,其中A组37例（术前1 h进行预处理）、B组37例（术前24 h进行预处理）。对比2组术前1 d、麻醉诱导后、切皮时交感神经反应指标[收缩压（SBP）、心率（HR）、舒张压（DBP）]变化及手术前后简易精神状态评价量表（MMSE）评分、应激指标[去甲肾上腺素（NE）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、皮质醇（Cor）]、神经功能指标[脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、中枢神经特异蛋白（S-100β）]水平。结果 与A组相比,麻醉诱导后B组SBP、HR、DBP水平更高,切皮时SBP、HR、DBP水平更低（P<0.05）;与A组相比,B组术后7 d、30 d MMSE评分更高（P<0.05）;术后12 h、24 h 2组血清NE、Cor、IL-6水平均较术前1 d升高（P<0.05）,但2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与A组相比,B组术后12 h、24 h血清S-100β、NSE水平更低,血清BDNF水平更高（P<0.05）。结论 CEA术前实施RIPC可减轻脑损伤,发挥脑保护作用,但与术前1 h实施RIPC相比,于术前24 h实施RIPC更有助于维持机体血流动力学稳定,促进认知功能及预后恢复。

Objective To compare the effects of different time preconditioning of carotid endarterectomy（CEA）on postoperative stress response and neurological function．Methods From December 2019 to December 2022,74 patients with carotid stenosis（CS）who were selected for CEA treatment in our hospital were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups according to the time of remote ischemic preconditioning（RIPC）,including 37 cases in group A（preconditioning at 1 hour before surgery）and 37 cases in group B（preconditioning at 24 hours before surgery）．The changes of sympathetic response indexes [systolic blood pressure（SBP）,heart rate（HR）,diastolic blood pressure（DBP）] in the 2 groups at 1 d before surgery,after the anesthesia induction,and at the time of skin incision before and after surgery,and the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）,stress indexes [norepinephrine（NE）,interleukin-6（IL-6）,cortisol（Cor）],and neurological function indexes [brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）,neuron specific enolase（NSE）,central nervous specific protein（S-100β）]．Results Compared with group A,the levels of SBP,HR and DBP in group B after anesthesia induction were higher,and the levels of SBP,HR and DBP were lower during skin resection（P<0.05）．Compared with group A,group B had higher MMSE scores at 7 and 30 days after surgery（P<0.05）．The serum levels of NE,Cor and IL-6 in the 2 groups were increased 12 h and 24 h after surgery compared with 1 day before surgery（P<0.05）,but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups（P>0.05）．Compared with group A,serum S-100β and NSE levels in group B were lower at 12 h and 24 h after surgery,and serum BDNF level was higher in group B（P<0.05）．Conclusions The administration of RIPC before CEA can reduce brain injury and play a protective role in brain．However,compared with the administration of RIPC 1 h before surgery,the administration of RIPC 24 h before surgery is more conducive to maintaining hemodynamic stability,promoting cognitive function and prognostic recovery．

目的 探讨孕期盆底肌锻炼联合产后盆底功能康复治疗对产后女性盆底功能障碍的防治效果。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年6月在我院产科门诊定期产检,B超确认为单胎足月顺产,剔除妊娠合并症及并发症,符合入组标准病例共316例,随机分成观察组和对照组,观察组131例,对照组185例,观察组在孕12周开始宣教孕期定期行盆底肌Kegel运动,并在产后42天开始行盆底康复治疗仪治疗6周,统计临床疗效,2组均在产后42天、3个月、6个月统计2组盆底功能检测、盆底器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)和压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incorrtinence,SUI)发生情况。结果 观察组和对照组一般资料,2组在年龄、分娩孕周、新生儿平均体重无统计学差异(P＞0.05),2组盆底功能进行检测比较,产后42天观察组阴道收缩持续时间、Ⅱ类肌纤维强度(85.24±22.19 cmH₂O)高于对照组(74.14±19.94 cmH₂O),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),产后3月观察组I类肌纤维强度、阴道收缩持续时间、Ⅱ类肌纤维强度(76.41±16.42 cmH₂O;4.35±1.78 s;94.15±18.25 cmH₂O)高于对照组(62.45±17.55 cmH₂O;3.89±1.52 s;88.55±18.36 cmH₂O),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),产后6月观察组I类肌纤维强度、阴道收缩持续时间、Ⅱ类肌纤维强度(79.56±15.78 cmH₂O;5.46±2.01 s;99.78±23.47 cmH₂O)明显高于对照组(67.63±14.45 cmH₂O;4.13±1.45 s;90.16±18.75 cmH₂O),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。对比2组POP和SUI发生率情况,产后42天观察组SUI发生率(28.24%)低于对照组(35.14%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);产后3月观察组POP和SUI发生率(18.32%;13.74%)低于对照组(22.70%;17.83%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),产后6月观察组POP和SUI发生率(0.00%;0.07%)明显低于对照组(8.10%;11.89%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 孕期行盆底肌锻炼联合产后盆底功能康复治疗能明显改善产后盆底功能状态,显著降低产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生率。

Objective To explore the prevention and treatment effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise during pregnancy combined with postpartum pelvic floor function rehabilitation therapy on postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Methods From January 2019 to June 2020, women in our hospital's obstetrics outpatient department for regular obstetric checkups were selected, which ultrasound confirmed it was a singleton full-term delivery. The cases of stillbirth, fetal malformation and placenta previa were excluded. A total of 316 cases met the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 131 cases in the observation group and 185 cases in the control group. Observation group started regular pelvic floor muscle Kegel exercises from 12 weeks of gestation,and accepted pelvic floor rehabilitation therapeutic treatment from 42 days to six weeks postpartum. We summerized the pelvic floor function tests results, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) situation of both groups in 42 days, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Results The general information of the observation group and the control group showed that there were no statistical differences in age, gestational age of delivery and average weight of newborn (P>0.05). The pelvic floor function 42 days after delivery of the two groups was tested and compared, duration of vaginal contraction and class Ⅱ muscle fiber strength of the observation group [(85.24±22.19) cmH₂O] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(74.14±19.94) cmH₂O], and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Class I muscle fiber strength, duration of vaginal contraction and class Ⅱ muscle fiber strength were observed at 3 months postpartum, those of observation group[(76.41±16.42) cmH₂O; (4.35±1.78) s; (94.15±18.25) cmH₂O] were significantly higher than that in the control group [(62.45± 17.55) cmH₂O; (3.89±1.52) s; (88.55±18.36) cmH₂O], and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). At 6 months postpartum, class I muscle fiber strength, vaginal contraction duration and class Ⅱ muscle fiber strength in observation group [(79.56±15.78) cmH₂O; (5.46±2.01) s; (99.78±23.47) cmH₂O] were significantly higher than that of the control group [(67.63±14.45) cmH₂O; (4.13± 1.45) s; (90.16±18.75) cmH₂O], and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of the incidence of POP and SUI between the two groups showed that the incidence of SUI in the observation group at 42 days postpartum (28.24%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (35.14%), the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The incidences of POP and SUI in the observation group at 3 months postpartum (18.32%; 13.74%) were significantly lower than that of the control group (22.70%; 17.83%), the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The incidences of POP and SUI in the observation group at 6 months postpartum (0.00%; 0.07%) were significantly lower than that of the control group (8.10%; 11.89%), the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Pelvic floor muscle exercise during pregnancy combined with postpartum pelvic floor function rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve postpartum pelvic floor function and significantly reduce the incidence of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction diseases.

目的 分析厄贝沙坦+美托洛尔治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)的临床效果及对患者心功能影响。方法 选取本院2018年12月—2020年12月住院治疗的200例慢性CHF患者,根据不同的治疗方法分组,参照组100例患者采用厄贝沙坦治疗,治疗组100例患者采用厄贝沙坦+美托洛尔治疗,比较2组临床疗效、心功能指标、血清炎性因子、血清N端脑利钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平、不良反应发生率。结果 治疗组临床总有效率(97.00%)高于参照组(87.00%),治疗组治疗后左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)高于参照组,治疗组治疗后左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDd)、左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESd)、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、NT-proBNP、Hcy水平均低于参照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率(4.00%)与参照组(5.00%)比较,P>0.05。结论 厄贝沙坦+美托洛尔可有效改善慢性CHF患者心功能,减轻炎症反应,抑制NT-proBNP、Hcy释放,且不良反应较少。

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of irbesartan combined with metoprolol in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and its influence on cardiac function. Methods A total of 200 patients with chronic CHF in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were selected and divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. One handred patients in the control group were treated with irbesartan, and 100 patients in the treatment group were treated with irbesartan + metoprolol. The clinical efficacy, cardiac function indexes, serum inflammatory factors, serum NT-proBNP, Hcy levels and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group (97.00%) was higher than that of the control group (87.00%), LVEF of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, LVEDd, LVESd, serum TNF-α, hs-CRP, IL-6, NT-proBNP, Hcy levels of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group (4.00%) was higher than that in the control group (5.00%),P>0.05. Conclusion Irbesartan + metoprolol could effectively improve cardiac function, reduce inflammatory reaction, inhibit the release of NT-proBNP and Hcy in patients with chronic CHF, with less adverse reactions.

目的 比较冷冻前和复苏后脐带血样本的造血功能,探讨冷冻袋附属小管是否可用于脐带血质量控制及移植供体发放前复核。方法 选取2009年3月—2021年2月在广州脐血库冻存的53份脐带血为研究对象,常规复温后,从冷冻袋和附属小管抽取样本,分为冷冻前、小管复苏和大袋复苏组。评价各组的总有核细胞(total nucleated cells,TNCs)数、细胞活率、CD34阳性细胞数量、粒-巨噬细胞集落(colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophages, CFU-GMs)数量、祖细胞集落(colony-forming units, CFUs)数量等质量参数。结果 小管复苏后TNCs数量、细胞活率、CFU-GMs数量及CFUs数量较冷冻前均显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而二者的CD34阳性细胞数量差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05);大袋复苏后TNCs数量、细胞活率及CFUs数量较冷冻前各相应值比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而二者的CD34阳性细胞数量及CFU-GMs数量差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05);小管复苏后的TNCs数量、细胞活率、CD34阳性细胞活率、CFU-GMs数量及CFUs数量较大袋复苏后的相应值均减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而二者的CD34阳性细胞数量差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05)。小管复苏与大袋复苏后的各项参数存在高度相关性。结论 附属小管在一定程度上可作为脐血库质量控制和产品发放前复核的取材。

Objective To compare the hematopoietic function of cord blood before and after cryopreservation, and to explore whether sampling from the attached segment can be used for quality control of cord blood units and confirmatory testing before transplantation. Methods A total of 53 cryopreserved cord blood units from March 2009 to February 2021 in Guangzhou Cord Blood Bank were enrolled in this study. After routine thawing, samples were taken from main bag and its attached segment. They were divided into pre-freezing, post-thawing segment and post-thawing main bag groups. Total nucleated cells (TNCs), cell viability, CD34 positive cells, colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophages(CFU-GMs)and colony-forming units (CFUs) were examined. Results The number of TNCs [(1.12±0.38)×10⁹], cell viability [(79.11±7.71)%], the number of CFU-GMs [(5.55±4.58)×10⁵] and the number of CFUs [(15.11±9.68)×10⁵] were significantly decreased in samples from post-thawing attached segments compared with those pre-freezing(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the number of CD34 positive cells between two groups (P＞0.05). The number of TNCs [(1.25±0.40)×10⁹], cell viability [(84.75±5.89)%] and CFUs [(18.61±6.42)×10⁵] in samples from post-thawing main bags were significantly different from those pre-freezing (P＜0.05), but there were no significant differences in the number of CD34 positive cells and CFU-GMs between them (P＞0.05). The number of TNCs, cell viability, CD34 positive cell viability, the numbers of CFU-GMs and CFUs were significantly decreased in post-thawing segments compared with those in main bags after thawing (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the number of CD34 positive cells between the two groups (P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the parameters of samples from main bag and its attached segment were highly correlated after thawing. Conclusion Cord blood from attached segment could be quality control sample for cord blood bank and confirmatory testing before product release in some degree.

目的 探究右美托咪定对二尖瓣置换术患者左右心室收缩和舒张功能影响。方法 选我院2019年1月—2020年12月期间110例二尖瓣置换术患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组,各55例,分别实施常规静脉复合麻醉、常规静脉复合麻醉+切皮后微量泵注右美托咪定(负荷剂量1 μg/kg,10 min后维持每小时0.5 μg/kg至术毕),比较2组麻醉诱导后(T0)、体外循环(CPB)停机后30 min(T1)、CPB停机后60 min(T2)血流动力学指标,心肌损伤因子水平、左右心室收缩及舒张功能。结果 T1、T2时2组患者心率(HR)较T0高,平均动脉压(MAP)较T0低(P＜0.05);2组各时间点HR、MAP比较未见统计学差异(P＞0.05);T2时2组肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、肌酸激酶同工酶水平较T0时高,观察组T2时以上指标较对照组低(P＜0.05);各时间点2组二尖瓣瓣环等容收缩期峰值速度、三尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值速度/三尖瓣环舒张早期血流峰值速度无差异(P＞0.05);T2时观察组二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值/二尖瓣瓣环舒张早期峰值速度、三尖瓣瓣环等容收缩期峰值速度较对照组低(P＜0.05)。结论 在二尖瓣置换术中使用右美托咪定,可减少患者心肌功能损伤,改善心室心肌舒张、收缩功能。

目的 分析CT肺动脉栓塞指数(PAOI)与急性肺栓塞(APE)患者右心功能与预后的相关性。方法 以收治的86例疑似患者为研究对象,均行CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)检查,共60例APE患者,依据患者病情严重程度分为轻度、中度与重度,而无APE患者26例(对照组),分析左右心室最大短轴内径(RVd/LVd)、左右心室最大截面积比(RVA/LVA)、右心室短轴最大直径(RVMSA)、左心室短轴最大内径(LVMSA)、主肺动脉直径(MPAd)、上腔静脉直径(SVCd)、奇静脉直径(AZd)、动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)以及动脉血氧饱和度(SaO₂)与PAOI的相关性,并分析患者预后情况。结果 经比较,中、重度患者RVd/LVd、RVA/LVA、RVMSA、MPAd与AZd水平高于轻度患者,而LVMSA低于轻度患者(P<0.05);且重度患者RVd/LVd、RVMSA水平高于中度,而RVA/LVA、LVMSA、MPAd与AZd水平比较无意义(P>0.05);3组SVCd水平比较P>0.05,其他参数指标比较差异明显(P<0.05);APE患者的PaO₂、PaCO₂以及SaO₂水平随着患者病情的加重呈现出逐渐下降趋势,且3组患者的PaO₂对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PaO₂、PaCO₂和SaO₂与PAOI均呈负相关,且仅有PaO₂的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);POAI对APE患者的死亡有着一定的预测价值(P<0.05),最佳切点值58.91%,敏感度为85.29%,特异度为89.93%,其他数据未见明显诊断预测价值(P>0.05)。故RVd/LVd、RVA/LVA、RVMSA、MPAd与AZd水平与PAOI成正相关,而LVMSA水平与PAOI成负相关,与SCVd无关。结论 PAOI与APE患者的右心功能各参数以及动脉血气各参数均有密切关联性,可将其作为患者预后评估的有效指标。

目的 探讨围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血患者应用宫腔镜电切术联合炔诺酮治疗对临床效果的影响。方法 选取2017年1月—2020年9月在我院治疗的87例围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血患者,按照随机数字表法分成观察组(n=44)与对照组(n=43),观察组采用宫腔镜电切术联合炔诺酮治疗,对照组仅采用宫腔镜电切术治疗,比较2组临床疗效、手术情况、住院时间、不良反应发生率,分析治疗前后子宫形态、血红蛋白含量变化。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为100.00%,对照组为86.05%,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);2组手术时间、术中出血量、膨宫液用量、住院时间比较无差异(P>0.05);2组治疗后子宫内膜厚度增加(P<0.05),血红蛋白水平下降(P<0.05),观察组子宫内膜厚度大于对照组(P<0.05),血红蛋白水平较对照组更低(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为9.09%,对照组为27.91%,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 宫腔镜电切术联合炔诺酮应用于围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血患者治疗中能够促进子宫状况改善,提高临床疗效,且安全性较高,值得临床推广。