综述

胰源性门静脉高压的临床诊断和治疗研究进展

Progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic segmental portal hypertension

:247-251
 
       胰源性门静脉高压(PSPH)是由脾静脉(SV)流通受阻引起的一种临床综合征,在临床较为罕见且对患者造成生命威胁,但却为门静脉高压唯一可治愈的类型。其主要发病诱因是胰腺原发疾病,通常为胰腺急(慢)性炎症、胰腺占位性病变和胰腺手术操作导致。1型孤立性食管胃底静脉曲张、脾大、脾功能亢进是PSPH的主要临床表现特征,其中食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血是PSPH最为严重的并发症;患者若表现为肝功能正常但出现原因不明脾肿大并伴有消化道出血症状,应考虑可能出现了PSPH。PSPH的治疗可分为胰腺原发病、门静脉高压及并发症的综合性诊治。本文旨在回顾PSPH的相关文献,对其有关临床诊断与治疗现状进行综述,以期指导医务工作者在临床中尽早发现PSPH并对患者及时有效治疗。
       Pancreatic segmental portal hypertension(PSPH)is a clinical syndrome caused by spleen vein(SV)occlusion or stenosis.It is a rare and life-threatening hemorrhagic disease of the upper digestive tract,but it is the only curable type of portal hypertension.The main cause is primary pancreatic disease,which is usually due to acute or chronic pancreatic inflammation,pancreatic space-occupying lesions and pancreatic surgery.Type 1 isolated esophagogastric varices,splenomegaly and hypersplenism are the main clinical features of PSPH,and esophagogastric variceal bleeding is the most serious complication of PSPH.PSPH  should  be  considered in  patients with  normal liver function  but  unexplained  splenomegaly  accompanied  by gastrointestinal bleeding.The treatment of PSPH can be divided into a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of primary pancreatic disease,portal hypertension and complications.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature of PSPH,the relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment status quo were summerized,in order to guide the medical workers in clinical PSPH,early detection and timely and effective treatment for patients.
论著

恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床病理特征分析

Analysis of clinicopathologic features of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor

:160-165
 
       目的   总结女性生殖系统中恶性中胚叶混合瘤(MMMT)的临床病理特征及预后,分析P53及错配修复蛋白与MMMT发病之间的关系。方法   收集大理大学第一附属医院2015年9月—2022年9月15例经手术切除病理诊断为MMMT的病例,总结临床病理特点、免疫表型(P53、错配修复蛋白等)、治疗方案并随访。结果  15例MMMT原发于子宫10例,卵巢5例。发病年龄范围49~76岁,平均年龄60岁,中位年龄58岁。临床表现为阴道流血或流液,伴或不伴腹痛或盆腔包块。镜下肿瘤均由不同比例的恶性上皮和间叶源性肿瘤构成,P53野生型12例,突变型3例;错配修复蛋白(MSH6、MSH2、MLH1、PMS2)检测存在缺失的有4例。15例患者中均行手术治疗,12例行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以放化疗。随访失访2例,死亡4例,复发6例,3例术后无复发和转移。结论   恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床少见,恶性程度高,病理诊断上存在困难,需要辅以免疫组织化学染色,P53及错配修复蛋白缺失与MMMT的发生存在一定关系。治疗上需要手术切除,辅以放化疗。
    Objective  To summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor(MMMT)in the female reproductive system,and analyze the relationship between P53 and mismatch  repair proteins and the onset of MMMT.Methods  A total of 15 cases diagnosed with MMMT after surgical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2015 to September 2022 were collected.The clinical and pathological characteristics,immune phenotype(P53,mismatch repair protein,etc. ),treatment plan were summarized.And the patients were followed-up.Results  Ten of 15 cases of MMMT were primary in the uterus and 5 of 10 in the ovaries.The age range of onset was 49 to 76 years old,with an average age of 60 and a median age of 58.Clinical manifestations included vaginal bleeding or fluid discharge,with or without abdominal pain or pelvic masses.Under the microscope,all tumors were composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors in different proportions,with 12 cases of P53 wild-type and 3 cases of mutant type.There were 4 cases of missing mismatch repair proteins(MSH6,MSH2,MLH1,PMS2)detected.Among the 15 patients,all underwent surgical treatment,and 12 underwent pelvic lymph node dissection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Two cases were lost to follow-up,four cases died,six cases recurred,and three cases had no recurrence or metastasis after surgery.Conclusions  MMMT are rare in clinical practice,with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Pathological diagnosis is difficult,and immunohistochemical staining is needed.The absence of P53 and mismatch repair protein is related to the occurrence of MMMT. Surgical  resection is required for treatment,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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