目的 探讨Graf法超声在6个月以内婴儿发育性髋关节异常筛查及随访中的应用价值。方法 选取我院2014年1月—2017年6月2 000例0～6个月婴儿(4 000个髋关节)为标本,采用Graf法超声检查进行筛查,检测发病率,并对部分髋关节异常的婴儿进行随访。结果 Ⅰ型髋关节3 572例(89.3%),Ⅱ型336例(8.4%),Ⅲ型92例(2.3%)。随访的272例发育性髋关节异常婴儿中,86例Ⅱ型转化为Ⅰ型,42例Ⅲ型转化为Ⅰ型,46例Ⅱa型转化为Ⅱb型,98例Ⅱ型无转化。结论 Graf法超声检查在婴儿髋关节异常筛查以及随访中有较高的使用价值。Graf法超声检查安全性好、有效率高,有助于发育性髋关节异常疾病的早期诊断及早期治疗。

目的 在糖尿病尿失禁女性患者中使用盆底肌功能训练手册,了解该手册对改善糖尿病女性尿失禁的作用。方法 将260例糖尿病尿失禁患者随机分为观察组、对照组,2组均进行常规盆底肌功能训练,每月提醒患者坚持训练,观察组在此基础上发放盆底肌功能训练手册,指导患者及家属填写方法, 每月检查填写记录情况;在治疗前、后评价2组患者尿失禁改善、观察心理健康改善情况。结果 观察组患者在干预后尿失禁改善、心理健康改善优于对照组。盆底肌功能训练手册准确真实反映患者治疗的落实情况,可督促患者落实治疗,从而提高治疗效果,提高患者生活质量。结论 盆底肌功能训练手册对糖尿病尿失禁患者实用性高,尤其对于记忆力下降的糖尿病患者实用性高。

目的 观察脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 选取我院和珠江医院2015年1月—2017年7月收治的急性脑梗死患者40例,根据随机数表法分为观察组及对照组,各20例。对照组单纯施以药物治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加以脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗,对比两组治疗前后凝血功能指标水平变化情况及疗效。结果 治疗后,观察组APTT、PT、TT、INR水平高于对照组,Fbg水平低于对照组,治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗急性脑梗死疗效确切,患者临床症状得到更好更快的改善,可改善患者凝血功能,对急性脑梗死的早期救治有着极为重要的应用价值。

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E基因多态性在COPD患者合并AD中的意义。方法 通过病例资料进行回顾性研究,收集慢性阻塞性肺疾病70例,阿尔茨海默病81例,健康对照人群566例,进行统计分析。结果 “AD组”和“COPD合并AD组”的LDL水平高于“COPD未合并AD组”;“COPD组”的ApoE水平高于“AD组”,且在“COPD组”中,未合并AD者的ApoE水平明显高于合并AD者;“COPD组”的ε3/ε4基因型均少于“AD组”,且“COPD未合并AD组”的ε3/ε4基因型明显少于“COPD合并AD组”;“AD组”及“COPD合并AD组”的ε4等位基因频率多于“COPD组”及“COPD未合并AD组”;“COPD合并AD组”的ε3/ε3基因型少于“健康对照组”,而ε2/ε4基因型则多于“健康对照组”;“COPD组”的ε3/ε4基因型多于“健康体检组”;“COPD合并AD组”的ε3/ε4基因型多于“健康体检组”;“COPD合并AD组”的ε4等位基因频率高于“健康对照组”。结论 ApoE基因多态性不但参与COPD患者认知功能受损甚至合并AD,而且可能通过影响脂质代谢,参与COPD的发生发展;ApoE的ε4等位基因可能是COPD和AD患病的共同危险因素。

目的 分析与比较不同血运重建策略对急性心肌梗死合并多支血管病变患者的疗效,以探讨其临床价值。方法 选取本院在2012年8月—2015年8月期间收治的急性心肌梗死合并多支血管病变患者,对每个患者均成功行PCI后,按随机数字表法分为实验组与对照组,实验组于发病后7～10天行预防性急诊PCI,并对非梗死相关血管病变进行干预;对照组则根据患者的缺血情况对非梗死相关血管病变行急诊PCI。随访2年,并记录2组患者主要心脏不良事件、其它心血管事件以及再次急诊PCI情况。结果 共有450例患者完成2年的随访,实验组患者有226例,对照组患者有224例。2组患者的全因病死率(χ²=7.040,P=0.008)、心脏不良事件(P均>0.05)以及心力衰竭发生率(χ²=1. 527,P=0.217)均无统计学差异。与对照组相比,实验组再发心绞痛(χ²=21.092,P<0.001)、心因性再住院(χ²=22.893,P<0.001)和再次支架治疗(χ²=17.835,P<0.001)的发生率均明显较低,而其相关血管血运重建率较高。且实验组随访2年时,β受体阻滞剂(χ²=7.040,P=0.008)和硝酸酯类药物(χ²=63.889,P<0.001)服用率均明显较高。结论 急性心肌梗死合并多支血管病变患者在成功行急诊干预梗死相关血管后,且预防性干预非梗死相关血管,可使再发心绞痛、再次支架治疗以及心因性再住院的发生率显著降低。

Objective By analyzing and comparing the effects of different revascularization strategies on patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with multi-vessel disease, to explore its clinical value.Methods Selecting the patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with multi-vessel disease from August, 2012 to August, 2015 in our hospital (Zhaoqing No.2 People's Hospital), after each patient was successfully treated with PCI, divided them into experimental group and control group by random number table method, the experimental groups were treated with preventive emergency PCI after the onset 7-10 days, and the intervention of non-infarct-related vascular diseases were done;the control groups were treated with emergency PCI for the non-infarct-related vascular diseases according to the patient's lack of blood. Visiting them randomly for 2 years, the main cardiac adverse events, other cardiovascular events and one more emergency PCI situation in the two groups were recorded.Results A total of 450 patients completed two years of follow-up, with 226 patients in the experimental group and 224 patients in the control group. All-cause mortality (χ2=7.040,P=0.008), cardiac adverse events (P> 0.05)and incidence of heart failure (χ2=1. 527,P=0.217) were no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the incidence of angina pectoris (χ2=21.092,P<0.001), cardiologic rehospitalization (χ2=22.893,P<0.001)and one more stent treatment (χ2=17.835,P<0.001) of the experimental group was significantly lower, but the revascularization rate was higher of their related blood vessels. And when the experimental group was followed up for 2 years, the taking rate of β-blockers (χ2=7.040,P=0.008) and nitrates (χ2=63.889,P<0.001) was significantly higher.Conclusion After the patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with multi-vessel disease were successfully treated with emergency PCI to intervene the infarct-related blood vessels, and at the same time the intervention of the non-infarct-related blood vessels were done, the recurrence of angina pectoris, stent treatment and cardiopulmonary rehospitalization was significantly reduced.

目的 研究和分析外科Ⅲ类手术切口术后感染的危险因素,达到进一步预防外科Ⅲ类手术切口术后感染的目的。方法 研究对象为我科2014年1月—2016年12月普外科的1 816例Ⅲ类手术切口患者,以术后是否发生切口感染为因变量,以性别、年龄、是否切口贴用医用薄膜、切口是否碘伏冲洗等相关因素为自变量,进行Logistic回归分析,统计分析外科Ⅲ类手术切口术后发生感染的危险因素。结果 1 816例外科Ⅲ类手术切口中,术后发生切口感染有218例,切口感染率为12%。单因素分析显示,8项影响因素与Ⅲ类手术切口术后感染具有相关性(P﹤0.01),对具有统计学意义的8影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示手术切皮前应用薄膜保护切口、术后切口碘伏冲洗及合理应用抗生素为切口感染保护因素(P﹤0.01),而患者年龄、全麻、急诊手术、输血及住院时间为切口感染独立危险因素(P﹤0.01)。结论 手术皮肤切开前应用医用薄膜、关腹后碘伏冲洗伤口对降低Ⅲ类手术切口术后感染发生率有一定效果,值得临床推广。

Objective: To research and analyze the risk factor which lead to type Ⅲ operation incision infection,and prevent the incision infection.Methods: The clinical data of 1816 typeⅢoperation incision patients from the general surgery department during 2001-2016,With incision infection serving as a dependent variable, gender, age, using medical films, rinsing the incision with iodophor after the abdomen closing and other factors as independent variables, single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factor for typeⅢoperation incisions.Results: From 1816 typeⅢoperation incision patients,218 patients suffered from incision infection with a infection rate of 12%,Single factor analysis showed that 8 factors had significant effects on infection of type Ⅲ operation incision(P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 8 related factors out of 9 factors,and age,anesthesia,blood transfusion,the days of hospitalization and emergency surgery were possible independent risk factors of incision infection(P<0.01), and the critical pathway,using medical films,rinsing the incision with iodophor after the abdomen closing,reasonable use of antibiotics were protective factors against incision infection(P<0.01),while age,anesthesia,blood transfusion,the days of hospitalization and emergency surgery were possible independent risk factors of incision infection(P<0.01).Conclusion: Using medical films before the skin incising, rinsing the incision with iodophor after the abdomen closing can reduce the rate of incision infection postoperation, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

目的 观察百草枯中毒后大鼠血液中炎症因子的变化,以及大承气汤结合氢化可的松在百草枯中毒治疗中的作用。方法 选用广东省实验动物所的160只SD大鼠,雌雄各半。其中随机抽取 120 只大鼠给予百草枯溶液按18 mg/kg的剂量一次性腹腔注射给药,制造百草枯中毒大鼠模型其余 40只大鼠不作处理,作为正常组。再将模型组分为大承气汤联合氢化可的松组、氢化可的松组及盐水对照组,观察大鼠中毒情况,观察并分析给药后1 d、3 d以及5 d大鼠的肺组织以及血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6等的变化情况。结果 正常对照组在中毒后1 d、3 d未见大鼠死亡,在5 d有1只动物死亡;模型组大鼠TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常对照组大鼠各因子水平,随着中毒时间的延长逐渐增加,均有差异(P<0.05);大承气汤联合氢化可的松组给药后各时间点TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6降低,与氢化可的松组、盐水对照组均有差异(P<0.05)。结论 大鼠百草枯中毒后,肺组织发生纤维化改变,且TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6因子的水平升高,随着时间的推移,呈现上升趋势;大承气汤对百草枯中毒大鼠肺组织具有保护作用,可能调控各炎症因子作用,减缓病情进展来实现。

目的 探讨医护合作护理程序教育模式在轻度认知功能障碍血透患者中的应用效果。方法 对65例患者实施医护合作护理程序教育模式,2个月后对患者的健康教育知识掌握程度、自体动静脉内瘘自我护理能力、维持性透析依从性、满意度进行测评。结果 医护合作护理程序教育模式后患者的健康教育知识掌握程度为92.31%、自体动静脉内瘘自我护理能力为27.11±3.26、维持性透析依从性是48.22±4.67、护理满意度是92.31%,均比护理程序教育前提高,护理程序教育前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论 医护合作护理程序教育模式能提高患者的认知能力、自我护理能力和满意度,减少并发症,利于患者生活质量的提高。

Objective To explore the effect of the application of nursing process education model under doctor-nurse cooperation in hemodialysis patients with mild cognitive impairment.Methods 65 patients received nursing process education model under doctor-nurse cooperation. After 2 months, these patients were assessed in terms of the level of knowledge about health education, autologous arteriovenous fistula self-care ability, compliance of maintenance dialysis and satisfaction.Results After the nursing process education model under doctor-nurse cooperation, the percentage of patients who became proficient at knowledge about health education was 92.31%, that of patients who showed autologous arteriovenous fistula self-care ability was 27.11±3.26, that of the patients who became compliant to maintenance dialysis was 48.22±4.67, and nursing satisfaction was 92.31%. These performances improved significantly, comparing to those before the nursing process education model under doctor-nurse cooperation. The differences between before and after the model have statistical significance (P<0.01).Conclusion The nursing process education model under doctor-nurse cooperation may improve patients' cognitive ability, self-care ability and satisfaction. It also reduces complications and helps patients to increase the quality of life.

目的 探究聚乙二醇筛查法在高泌乳血症诊断中的临床意义。方法 选取260例HP患者作为观察组以及80例健康体检者作为对照组。应用雅培I2000全自动化学发光检测仪对两组标本进行PRL浓度测定,并将标本进行PEG筛查法沉淀后再次进行PRL浓度测定,将所得数据进行对比。结果 观察组检出MP67例,检出率25.77%,对照组检出MP3例,检出率3.75%,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);HP组、MP组和对照组之间PEG沉淀前PRL浓度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),沉淀后HP组和MP组以及对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MP组和对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MP在HP引起的各种临床疾病中检出情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 应用聚乙二醇筛查法对于排除MPRL对HP诊断的干扰具有可行性,对降低HP的误诊率有着重要的意义。

Objective To explore the clinical signification of polyethylene glycol screening method on the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemiat.Methods We selected 260 patients with hyperprolactinemia as observation group and 80 healthy individuals as control group. The two groups were measured with Abbott laboratories I2000 automatic chemiluminescence detector about the concentration of PRL. Then the groups were measured again after they were precipitated by the polyethylene glycol and the result data were analyzed.Results 78 cases of MP were checked out from the observation group and 3 cases were checked out from the control group. The proportion was 25.77% and 3.75% respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The difference of the concentration of PRL before precipitated by PEG among the HP group, the MP group and the control group were statistically significant (P＜0.05). After precipitating, the difference of the concentration of PRL between the HP group and the MP group were statistically significant (P＜0.05), as well as the HP group and the control group. However, there was no difference between the MP group and the control group (P＞0.05). The checking conditions of MP in some diseases caused by HP had no difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The use of polyethylene glycol screening method is a practicable method to eliminate the interference of MPRL on the diagnosis in HP. It has significance reducing misdiagnosis rate of HP.

目的 了解社区医护人员的心理健康状况,评估心理干预措施效果,找到提高社区医护人员心理健康状况的有效措施。方法 采用《症状自评量表 SCL-90》对社区医护人员的心理健康状况进行基线调查,在干预3、6、9个月时分别进行SCL-90复测,以评估心理干预措施效果;根据《医护人员工作压力测试量表》的调查结果制定有针对性的心理干预措施并适时调整。结果 社区医护人员SCL-90测评总分和躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执7个因子得分均高于全国常模水平(P<0.05);经过综合干预,随访期间SCL-90测评总分呈逐步下降趋势,干预6个月时,除人际敏感因子外,SCL-90测评总分及各因子分已趋于正常水平,与全国常模比较差异没有统计学意义(P<0.05)。至9个月时,人际敏感因子得分也恢复至正常水平。结论 社区医护人员心理健康状况低于全国常模水平,进行针对性的综合干预可提高其心理健康水平,实验显示干预时长应不低于6个月。

Objective To understand the mental health status of community health care workers, assess the effect of psychological intervention measures, and find effective measures to improve the mental health status of community health care workers.Methods With the help of Symptom Checklist SCL-90, we firstly carried out baseline survey on community medical staff mental health; then retested that at 3, 6 and 9 months later. Thus, we could assess the effect of psychological intervention. According to the results of the medical staff working pressure test questionnaire, we could develop targeted psychological intervention measures and adopt prompt adjustment.Results Community health care personnel SCL-90 evaluation score and 7 factors scores(physical,forced,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,hostility,terror,and paranoia) were higher than the national norm(P<0.05);after comprehensive intervention in the 9 months follow-up,the SCL-90 evaluation score was decreasing gradually.After intervention for 6 months,except for the interpersonal sensitivity factor,SCL-90 total scores and the other factor scores tend to normal levels, to compare the national norm, there was no statistical significance in differences (P<0.05). 9 months later, the scores of interpersonal sensitivity also return to normal levels.Conclusion The mental health status of community health care workers was lower than the national norm,the comprehensive intervention may improve their mental health level, and the experiment showed that the intervention should be no less than 6 months.