专家述评

胰岛自身抗体检测——厘清实验特异度和疾病特异度的误解

Islet autoantibody detection:Clarifying the misconceptions of assay specificity and disease specificity

:264-269
 
       1型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种免疫介导的胰岛β细胞特异性破坏的自身免疫性疾病,全球发病率逐年上升。胰岛自身抗体(IAbs)是T1DM最可靠的生物标志物,用于早期预测和诊断。然而,传统的放射配体法(RBA)虽然具有高实验特异度,但在疾病特异度方面存在局限性,尤其是单抗体阳性的预测价值较低。近年来,电化学发光法(ECL)作为一种无放射性污染的新方法,能够区分高亲和力和低亲和力的IAbs,显著提高了疾病特异度。多项研究表明,ECL法在预测T1DM风险方面优于RBA法,特别是在单抗体阳性的情况下。本文综述了IAbs检测方法的进展及其在T1DM预测和诊断中的应用,强调了ECL法在提高疾病特异度方面的优势。
       Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is  an  autoimmune  disease  characterized  by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells,with a rising global incidence.Islet autoantibodies(IAbs)are the most  reliable biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis of T1DM.However,the traditional radio-binding assay(RBA),despite its high experimental specificity,has limitations in disease specificity,particularly in the predictive value of single autoantibody positivity.Recently,the electrochemiluminescence(ECL)method,a non-radioactive approach,has been developed to distinguish high-affinity from low-affinity IAbs,significantly improving disease specificity.Multiple studies have shown that the ECL method outperforms RBA in predicting T1DM risk,especially in cases of single autoantibody positivity.This review discusses the advancements in IAbs detection methods and their applications in T1DM prediction and diagnosis,highlighting the advantages of the ECL method in enhancing disease specificity.
论著

ITP患者血清IgG型抗体糖基化特异性的研究

Study on the glycosylation specificity of the IgG antibody in ITP

:27-28
 
目的 分析ITP患者血清中IgG型抗体糖基化的特异性,初步探讨其特异性与临床症状的相关性。方法 选取健康献血员30例、ITP患者13例及健康怀孕妇女23例,纯化血清中的IgG型抗体,应用nano-LC-MS法分析糖基化种类及水平,对比分析ITP患者血清中IgG型抗体的糖基化特异性。结果 ① ITP 患者血清中IgG型抗体的半乳糖糖基化水平为47.08±2.69,低于健康怀孕妇女(50.93±2.21),高于健康献血员(42.88±2.00)(P<0.05);② ITP 患者岩藻糖基化水平为81.16±2.49低于健康献血员(82.60±2.56)(P>0.05),同时低于健康怀孕妇女(86.17±2.23)(P<0.05);③ITP 患者唾液酸化水平为3.93±1.20,高于健康献血员(3.69±1.19),低于健康怀孕妇女(4.28±0.88)(P>0.05)。④ITP 患者乙酰葡糖氨基化水平为10.53±1.41,低于健康献血员(11.54±1.76),高于健康怀孕妇女(10.13±1.45)(P>0.05)。结论 ITP患者血清中的IgG型抗体的岩藻糖基化、半乳糖糖基化水平的特异性可能是其产生有别于健康怀孕妇女的临床症状的的分子基础。
Objective To investigate the glycosylation specificity of the IgG antibody in ITP. Methods Choose 30 healthy donors, 23 healthy pregnants and 13 ITP patients, purified the IgG antibody from serum, analysied the level of all kinds of glycosylation. Compared with healthy donor and healthy pregnants to find the specificity of the IgG antibody in ITP patients. Results ① The galacosylation of IgG antibody in ITP patients was 47.08±7.24,lower than healthy pregnants (50.93±4.91), higher than healthy donor (42.88±4.01), and the healthy pregnants were higher than healthy donor (P<0.05). ② The fucosylation in ITP patients was 81.16±6.2, lower than healthy donors (82.60±2.56) (P>0.05), higher than healthy pregnants(86.17±2.23)(P<0.05); ③The sialylation in ITP patients was 3.93±1.20, higher than healthy donors (3.69±1.19), lower than healthy pregnants (4.28±0.88)(P>0.05); ④The GlcNAc in ITP patients was 10.53±1.41, lower than healthy donors (11.54±1.76), higher than healthy pregnants (10.13±1.45)(P>0.05). Conclusion The specificity of IgG antibody in ITP patients in galacosylation and fucosylation may be the molecule base of ITP's clinic symptom.
论著

D-HyCoSy 配合宫腔水造影对不孕症患者 IUA 诊断灵敏度、特异度分析

The analysis of sensitivity and specificity of D-HyCoSy combined with uterine hydrography in the diagnosis of IUA in infertile patients

:346-349
 
       目的   探析子宫输卵管超声造影(D-HyCoSy)配合宫腔水造影对不孕症患者宫腔粘连(IUA)诊断灵敏度、特异度情况。方法   选取2021年1月—2023年2月南华大学附属长沙中心医院的110例不孕症者为研究对象,均予以宫腔水造影、D-HyCoSy,以宫腔镜病理结果为金标准,分析不同诊断方法应用的效果。结果   在110例不孕症患者中,经宫腔镜病理检查发现,宫腔粘连患者占比47.27%(52/110)。D-HyCoSy的诊断准确率为76.36%、宫腔水造影的为79.09%,均低于联合诊断的93.63%(P<0.05)。D-HyCoSy的诊断灵敏度为73.08%,宫腔水造影的为80.77%,均低于联合诊断的94.23%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D-HyCoSy的诊断特异度为79.31%,宫腔水造影的为77.59%,与联合诊断的93.10%相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论   对于不孕症患者,予以宫腔水造影联合D-HyCoSy诊断,其诊断效能高于单一诊断检查率,能更准确地判定宫腔粘连,效能高。
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