缺牙区水平骨量不足一直是口腔种植的重要难题。骨劈开术是常用于解决此难题的手术方式之一,目前临床常用术式是采用超声骨刀沿牙槽嵴顶矢状劈开后,用骨凿将唇(颊)侧骨板向唇(颊)侧移位后增加牙槽骨水平宽度,达到同期种植的目的。骨劈开并同期植入种植体降低了困难病例的手术难度和风险,减少了患者就诊次数,降低患者成本。但若劈开后种植体周围的间隙大于1 mm或唇侧骨板分离,则需要同期进行植骨。但骨劈开术的使用也具有一定的适应症,要求缺牙区垂直骨高度足够,水平骨宽度不足(3～5 mm),骨质为Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ类骨,患者无种植手术的局部和全身禁忌证。近年来的研究表明骨劈开术具有创伤小、手术安全有效、不用开辟第二创口即可获得较好的骨增量效果等优点,一定程度上扩大了种植手术适应证。现本文对骨劈开术的翻瓣术式、非翻瓣术式及术后效果的进展进行综述。

The insufficient horizontal bone mass in the missing tooth area has always been an important problem of dental implant. Bone splitting is one of the surgical methods commonly used to solve this problem. At present, the commonly used surgical method is to use ultrasonic bone knife to sagittal splitting along the crest of the alveolar ridge, and then use bone chisel to shift the lateral bone plate of the lip (buccal) to the lip (buccal) to increase the horizontal width of the alveolar bone, so as to achieve the purpose of simultaneous implantation. Bone splitting and implantation of implants in the same period reduced the surgical difficulty and risk of difficult cases, reduced the number of patient visits, and reduced the cost of patients. However, if the gap around the implant was more than 1 mm or the labial bone plate was separated after splitting, bone grafting should be performed simultaneously. But the use of bone splitting technique also has a certain indications, demanding sufficient vertical bone height in the missing area, inadequate width of horizontal bone (3 mm to 5 mm), Ⅲ~Ⅳ class bone, without local and systemic contraindicated of planting surgery. In recent years, the research shows that bone splitting surgery has the advantages of small trauma, safe and effective operation, and better bone increment effect obtained without opening the second wound. This article reviewed the progress of flap operation, flapless operation and postoperative effect of bone splitting.

目的 通过分析2019—2021年广州地区保密性弃血工作情况,完善献血者献血后回告受理和保密性弃血管理。方法 通过分析广州市血液中心2019年1月—2021年12月期间受理的无偿献血者献血后保密性弃血回告记录,统计分析无偿献血者要求保密性弃血的各种原因,以及保密性弃血施行程序中出现的新情况。结果 2019年、2020年、2021年保密性弃血人数分别占当年献血人数的0.156‰,0.090‰,0.091‰。2020年之后出现接触或疑似接触新型冠状病毒患者的回告案例;在这3年间,87.6%的保密性弃血在72小时内完成回告。结论 无偿献血者保密性弃血回告以及血液屏蔽是保障血液用血安全的重要举措之一,目前广州市回告率相对较低,提示要强化血液保密性弃血回告及方法途径指引宣传,注意对新回告原因的收集以有针对性开展献血前征询工作,从源头筛选出合格、低风险的无偿献血者,同时完善长时间(72小时以上)才回告的血液保密性弃血处理程序。

目的 分析上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙根吸收影响因素。方法 选取2017年8月—2021年5月我院正畸科上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者1 542例,统计上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙及牙根吸收发生情况,并进行单因素多因素分析。结果 1 542例上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后共出现埋伏牙186例,其中男102例、女84例,出现埋伏牙1颗最多,占比65.05%,年龄以12～18岁居多,单侧埋伏牙157例(84.41%),双侧埋伏牙29例(15.59%),埋伏牙位置为斜位81例(43.55%),倒置47例25.27%,平行42例(22.58%),水平16例(8.60%);186例正畸矫治后出现埋伏牙的患者中,发生牙根吸收患者75例,发生率为40.32%;出现牙根吸收的患者埋伏牙位置为颌骨中间占比高于未发生牙根吸收患者,近远中分区0～1区占比、年龄均小于未发生牙根吸收患者(P＜0.05);埋伏牙位置(颌骨中间)、近远中分区(0～1区)、年龄(低)是上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙根吸收的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论 上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙发生情况不容乐观,主要为12～18岁的患者为主,且多为单发,牙根吸收发生率较高,主要影响因素包括埋伏牙位置、近远中分区、年龄,临床应根据患者实际情况合理选择治疗方案。

目的 观察镇肝熄风汤加减在椎-基底动脉供血不足(VBI)性眩晕患者辅助治疗中的应用。方法 选取2019年5月—2021年2月我院收治的124例VBI性眩晕患者,按照随机数字表法1:1配对原则分为观察组(n=62)、对照组(n=62),其中对照组给予长春西汀+天麻素,观察组在对照组基础上辅以镇肝熄风汤加减,对比2组疗效、经颅多普勒检查结果[基底动脉、椎动脉平均血流速度(MV)与血管搏动指数(PI)]、眩晕评估量表(DARS)、眩晕障碍调查表(DHI)评分及血液流变学指标(纤维蛋白原、红细胞积压、全血粘度)。结果 观察组总有效率95.16%(59/62)高于对照组82.26%(51/62)(P＜0.05);治疗14 d后观察组椎动脉、基底动脉PI低于对照组,MV高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗14 d后观察组DHI评分、DARS评分低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗14 d后观察组纤维蛋白原、红细胞积压、全血粘度低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 镇肝熄风汤加减辅助治疗VBI性眩晕患者疗效显著,可有效减轻眩晕症状,调节血液粘度,改善椎-基底动脉血流,促进脑部供血恢复。

目的 探讨频发室性早搏与四级非心脏手术术后心衰发生率的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2020年7月—2021年6月于我院治疗的201例四级非心脏手术患者,根据术后是否发生心衰,将其分为心衰组和非心衰组,其中出现心衰者20例,未心衰者181例。分析2组患者临床资料、频发室性早搏次数,随后经单因素分析及Logistic回归分析术后心衰发生率的相关性。结果 心衰组临床资料中性别、糖尿病史、饮酒史、吸烟史、手术危险性分级、BMI、血红蛋白、红细胞宽度、左室舒张末径、左室射血分数值与非心衰组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);心衰组年龄大于非心衰组,胆固醇值、甘油三酯、室性早搏次数、术前肌酐水平均高于非心衰组(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析,分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.400,95%CI:1.060~1.848)、胆固醇值(OR=4.318,95%CI:1.122~16.622)、甘油三酯(OR=12.889,95%CI:1.232~134.808)、室性早搏次数(OR=1.010,95% CI:1.001~1.020)、术前肌酐(OR=34.071,95% CI:1.186~978.753)为四级非心脏手术术后发生心衰的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 频发室性早搏为四级非心脏手术术后心衰发生的危险因素,其中年龄、胆固醇值、甘油三酯、术前肌酐也为术后心衰发生的危险因素。

目的 研究氨溴索静脉用药联合不同通气方式治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年2月—2021年1月我院收治的98例NRDS患儿,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组(49例)和观察组(49例)。2组均给予常规治疗,对照组采用氨溴索静脉用药、常规机械通气治疗,观察组采用氨溴索静脉用药、高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗。比较2组临床疗效、胸部X线评分、新生儿评分(Apgar评分)、不同时间点(治疗前、治疗后2 h、治疗后12 h)动脉血气指标[氧合指数(OI)、动脉氧分压(PaO₂)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)]、呼吸力学指标[呼吸指数(RI)、呼吸道阻力(R)、肺动态顺应性(Crs)]、并发症发生率、死亡率。结果 2组治疗后总有效率比较,观察组93.88%高于对照组77.55%(P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组胸部X线评分、Apgar评分均高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后2 h、治疗后12 h时观察组OI、PaCO₂均低于对照组,PaO₂高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组RI、AR水平低于对照组,Crs水平高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组死亡率2.04%低于对照组14.29%(P＜0.05)。结论 氨溴索静脉用药联合HFOV治疗NRDS的临床疗效显著,可有效促进患儿呼吸功能、动脉血气改善,降低新生儿死亡率。

目的 探究益气活血汤剂联合热敏灸在脊髓损伤(SCI)后尿潴留患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年7月—2021年7月我院SCI后尿潴留患者80例,根据治疗方案不同分为观察组、对照组,各40例。对照组给予益气活血汤剂,观察组在此基础上进行热敏灸治疗。观察2组疗效、治疗前后排尿情况、膀胱功能、尿动力学指标[膀胱容量(VH₂O)、膀胱顺应(BC)、逼尿肌压力(Pdet)、膀胱压力(Pves)、平均尿流速(Qave)]及不良事件发生率。结果 观察组总有效率92.50%高于对照组70.73%(P＜0.05);治疗后观察组膀胱功能积分、平均排尿次数、平均漏尿次数、平均尿量、残余尿量均低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后与对照组相比,观察组Pves较低,VH₂O、Pdet、Qave、BC较高(P＜0.05);观察组不良事件率2.50%与对照组5.00%相比,无差异(P＞0.05)。结论 热敏灸联合益气活血汤剂治疗SCI尿潴留患者效果确切,可改善患者排尿异常症状,促进膀胱功能恢复,且安全可靠。

Objective To explore the effect of Yiqi Huoxue Decoction combined with heat sensitive moxibustion in patients with urinary retention after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods From July 2019 to July 2021, 80 patients with urinary retention after SCI in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment plans, 40 cases in each group. The control group was given Yiqi Huoxue decoction, and the observation group was treated with heat sensitive moxibustion additionally. Efficacy, urination before and after treatment, bladder function, urodynamic indexes [bladder volume (VH₂O), bladder compliance (BC), pressure of detrusor (Pdet), pressure of vesical (Pves), average flow rate (Qave)] and incidence of adverse events in 2 groups were observed. Results The total effective rate of observation group was 92.50%, higher than that of control group (70.73%, P<0.05). After treatment, bladder function score, average times of urination, average times of urine leakage, average urine volume and residual urine volume in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the observation group had lower Pves, higher VH₂O, Pdet, Qave and BC (P<0.05). The adverse event rate of the observation group (2.50%) was not significantly different from control group (5.00%, P>0.05). Conclusions Heat sensitive moxibustion combined with Yiqi Huoxue decoction is effective in the treatment of SCI patients with urinary retention, which can improve the symptoms of abnormal urination and promote the recovery of bladder function, and is safe and reliable.

目的 探讨分析利用坐式DR轮椅辅助精神发育迟滞患儿胸部DR体检的图像质量。方法 2020年7月—2021年2月,共80例精神发育迟滞患儿纳入本研究。根据协助拍片的方式不同,分为坐式DR轮椅协助组(实验组)和医护人员抓扶协助组(对照组)。采用SPSS 20.0秩和检验分析2组图像质量的差异。结果 2组摄片图像差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。坐式DR轮椅协助精神发育迟滞患者的胸部DR体检图片质量较高,废片率低。结论 坐式DR轮椅协助精神发育迟滞患儿胸部DR摄片图片的质量高,避免重复拍片的几率,为精神发育迟滞患儿及家属减少不必要的辐射风险提供了可靠方案。

Objective To explore and analyze the image quality of chest DR examination of children with mental retardation using DR wheelchair. Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, a total of 80 children with mental retardation were included in this study.According to different ways of assistance in examination, they were divided into seated DR wheelchair assisting group (experimental group) and medical staff assisting group (control group).The SPSS 20.0 rank sum test was used to analyze the difference in image quality between the two groups. Results The difference of radiographic images between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001).Seated DR wheelchairs assisted patients with mental retardation were with high quality and low rejection rate in their chest DR examination pictures. Conclusions DR wheelchair could help children with mental retardation to take chest DR pictures with high quality, avoid the probability of repeated examination, and provide a reliable method for children with mental retardation and their families to reduce the risk of unnecessary radiation.

目的 探究对神经根型颈椎病(CSR)患者开展悬吊运动疗法+推拿的临床价值。方法 选择2020年1月—2021年7月100例神经根型颈椎病患者,参考“数字双盲法”,分为对照组和观察组(均n=50);对照组患者为推拿治疗,观察组基于对照组基础+悬吊运动疗法;对比治疗结果。结果 观察组临床总有效率94.00%较对照组80.00%高(P＜0.05)。2组治疗后VAS疼痛评分较治疗前均下降,且观察组较对照组更低(P＜0.05)。治疗前120°/s的等速度运动状态下2组峰力距(PT)、平均功率(AP)、屈肌峰力距/伸肌峰力距(F/E)比较(P＞0.05),经治疗后2组均显著改善,且观察组PT、AP、F/E指标较对照组均更优(P＜0.05)。2组治疗后颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分、颈椎病临床评价量表(CASCS)评分较同组治疗前均改善,且观察组较对照组NDI评分更低,CASCS评分更高。结论 针对CSR患者开展悬吊运动疗法+推拿治疗,有利于调节患者颈部肌群协调能力,减轻疼痛感,改善临床症状,促进颈椎功能恢复,实现理想的治疗效果。

Objective To explore the clinical value of sling exercise therapy (SET) and massage in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods From January 2020 to July 2021, 100 patients with CSR were selected and divided into control group and observation group (both n=50). The patients in the control group were treated with massage, and the observation group was treated with massage+SET, the treatment results were compared. Results The total clinical effective rate of 94.00% in the observation group was significantly higher than 80.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The VAS pain scores of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the VAS pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The peak torque (PT), average power (AP) and flexor peak force distance/extensor peak force distance (F/E) of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment, and the PT, AP and F/E indexes of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the neck disability index (NDI) score and clinical assessment scale of cervical spondylosis (CASCS) score of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the NDI score of the observation group was lower and the CASCS score was higher in the observation group. Conclusions SET+massage therapy for patients with CSR is helpful to adjust the coordination ability of cervical muscle group, reduce pain, improve clinical symptoms, promote the recovery of cervical function and achieve ideal therapeutic effect.

目的 通过多种生物信息学方法分析MAML1在GC患者中的表达及与临床特征、预后和免疫治疗疗效的相关性。方法 利用TCGA数据库分析胃癌组织与正常胃黏膜组织中的MAML1表达水平;Kaplan-Meier在线工具对胃癌数据集GSE15459进行分析,阐明MAML1与患者临床特征及分期、治疗疗效的相关性;STRING软件预测与MAML1表达相关的基因,并用FUNRICH软件评估其富集的分子生物学功能和信号通路;TIMER和GEPIA数据库探索MAML1表达水平与肿瘤浸润免疫细胞及其相应基因标记集之间的关系。结果 MAML1在GC组织中的表达水平高于正常组织(P<0.001),且其表达水平与III期、有淋巴结转移、无远处转移的患者生存期相关(P<0.05),而与I、II和IV期、无淋巴结转移和有远处转移的患者生存期无相关性(P>0.05)。MAML1的相关作用基因主要分布在细胞核、参与转录调控,并且主要富集在雄激素受体、C-MYB转录因子和HIF-2α转录调控等相关的信号通路。MAML1表达水平与B细胞、CD4⁺ T细胞、巨噬细胞的表达水平存在正相关关系(P<0.05),但与肿瘤纯度、CD8⁺ T细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 MAML1有可能成为GC患者较差的临床预后标志物之一,其潜在分子机制可能与转录调控调节肿瘤微环境有关。

Objective To investigate the expression of MAML1 and its relationship with clinical characteristics, prognosis and the efficiency of immunotherapy in patients with GC. Methods MAML1 expression profile was observed by TCGA database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between the expression of MAML1 and clinical characteristics, prognosis and treatment efficiency of patients in GSE15459 dataset. MAML1-associated genes were predicted by STRING and were enriched in GO and KEGG by FUNRICH software. The relationship between MAML1 expression and markers of tumor infiltrated cells were explored by TIMER and GEPIA database. Results MAML1 was abnormally upregulated in GC tissues compared to normal gastric tissues (P<0.001). MAML1 expression was significantly associated with the overall survival of patients in stage III, with lymph node metastasis and without distant metastasis (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between MAML1 expression and the overall survival of patients in stage I, II, IV, without lymph node metastasis and with distant metastasis (P>0.05). MAML1-assoicated genes were mainly located at the nucleus, mediating transcriptional regulation and mainly enriching in androgen receptor, C-MYB transcription factor and HIF-2α transcription regulation and other related signaling pathways. MAML1 expression was positively related with the expression of B cell, CD4⁺ T cell and macrophages (P<0.05), but without significant difference with tumor purity, CD8⁺ T cell, neutrophils and dendritic cells (P>0.05). Conclusions MAML1 could be used as a marker of clinical prognosis of patients with GC. The potential molecular mechanism might be associated with its function in transcriptional regulation and changes in tumor microenvironment.