目的 探讨胸部肿瘤患者手术后早期排痰的效果，降低肺部并发症的发生率。方法 选择2024年6月—2025年7月在本院进行胸部肿瘤切除的60例术后患者作为研究对象。采用非同期回顾对照设计，以不同时间段病例分组，分为对照组（n＝30）和观察组（n＝30）。两组胸部手术后患者均给予常规围术期护理，观察组胸部手术后患者增加早期排痰护理。统计两组排痰效果［咳痰难度、血氧饱和度（SPO2）］变化、疼痛评分，并统计两组肺部相关并发症及住院时间进行比较。结果 观察组患者术后的SPO2水平高于对照组（P＜0.05），咳痰难度评分低于对照组患者（P＜0.05）。干预后第B、C时间点观察组患者的疼痛评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组住院时间短于对照组（P＜0.05），胸部并发症总发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05），满意度高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 胸部肿瘤术后早期排痰有助于促进术后患者排痰，减少肺部相关发症，缩短住院时间。
Objective To investigate the efficacy of early expectoration management in reducing pulmonary complications for patients following thoracic tumor surgery．Methods Sixty patients undergoing thoracic tumor resection at our hospital between 2024 and 2025 were enrolled．A non-concurrent retrospective control design was adopted．Cases were grouped according to different time periods，divided into a control group（n=30）and an observation group（n=30）．The control group received standard perioperative care，while the observation group received additional early expectoration nursing interventions．Outcome measures included expectoration efficacy（assessed by cough difficulty score and oxygen saturation［SpO2］），pain scores，incidence of pulmonary complications，and hospital stay duration．Results Postoperative SpO2 levels were higher in the observation group than in the control group （P＜0.05），while cough difficulty scores were significantly lower（P＜0.05）．At time points B and C after the intervention，the pain scores of patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P＜0.05）．The observation group demonstrated a significantly shorter hospital stay（P＜0.05），a lower overall incidence of thoracic complications（P＜0.05），and higher patient satisfaction than the control group（P＜0.05）．Conclusions Implementing early expectoration protocols after thoracic tumor surgery facilitates sputum clearance can reduce pulmonary complications，and shorten hospitalization time．
