目的 采用2023版Beers标准和2017版中国潜在不适当用药（PIM）标准，评估居家养老老年慢性病患者PIM现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集某医院慢性病门诊就诊的居家养老老年慢性病患者（≥65岁）的基本信息及用药数据，依据两标准进行PIM评价，采用二元Logistic回归分析PIM的影响因素。 结果 共纳入1549例居家老年慢性病患者。Beers标准检出PIM，共1092例次，其中与药物相关609例次，与疾病或症状相关5例次，应谨慎使用的药物467例次，应避免的药物-药物相互作用11例次；PIM发生例次居前五位的药物分别为阿司匹林、胰岛素、质子泵抑制剂、利伐沙班和多沙唑嗪。2017版中国PIM标准检出PIM，共996例次，其中与药物相关的546例次，与疾病状态相关的450例次；PIM发生例次居前五位的药物分别为胰岛素、氯吡格雷、螺内酯、多沙唑嗪、阿普唑仑。二元Logistic回归分析显示，慢性病种类数与用药数量是PIM发生的显著影响因素（P＜0.05）。 结论 居家养老老年慢性病患者PIM发生率较高，中国PIM标准更适用本国实践，建议纳入药师干预促进合理用药。

目的 采用2023版Beers标准和2017版中国潜在不适当用药（PIM）标准，评估居家养老老年慢性病患者PIM现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集某医院慢性病门诊就诊的居家养老老年慢性病患者（≥65岁）的基本信息及用药数据，依据两标准进行PIM评价，采用二元Logistic回归分析PIM的影响因素。 结果 共纳入1549例居家老年慢性病患者。Beers标准检出PIM，共1092例次，其中与药物相关609例次，与疾病或症状相关5例次，应谨慎使用的药物467例次，应避免的药物-药物相互作用11例次；PIM发生例次居前五位的药物分别为阿司匹林、胰岛素、质子泵抑制剂、利伐沙班和多沙唑嗪。2017版中国PIM标准检出PIM，共996例次，其中与药物相关的546例次，与疾病状态相关的450例次；PIM发生例次居前五位的药物分别为胰岛素、氯吡格雷、螺内酯、多沙唑嗪、阿普唑仑。二元Logistic回归分析显示，慢性病种类数与用药数量是PIM发生的显著影响因素（P＜0.05）。 结论 居家养老老年慢性病患者PIM发生率较高，中国PIM标准更适用本国实践，建议纳入药师干预促进合理用药。

目的：分析复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎用药风险，构建基于失效模式及影响分析的药学管控路径。方法：回顾性选取67例耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎住院病例，按照临床药师介入时间分组为：介入前组33例与介入后组34例。围绕初始剂量、疗程、肾功能校正、毒性监测、宣教随访建立FMEA表，计算风险优先数，比较两组治疗失败、临床疗效、用药执行达标情况。结果：介入后临床治愈率由66.67%升至85.29%，用药执行达标率由69.70%升至91.18%。关键失效模式风险优先数下降。结论：FMEA可定位复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗PJP的高风险环节，呼吸抗感染临床药师前移处方审核、床旁评估、毒性监测、出院宣教，可提高给药方案规范性，减少可预防失败。

目的：描述发病48 h内急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）患者依达拉奉右莰醇真实世界用药特征，探讨48 h内不同启动时间与住院期间神经功能改善及短期预后的关系。方法：回顾性连续筛选2023年12月1日至2026年4月30日本院诊断为AIS并使用依达拉奉右莰醇的住院患者，药学部基于药学信息系统、住院医嘱及病历记录提取资料。初筛147例，排除35例，纳入112例发病至首次用药时间（onset-to-treatment time，OTT）≤48 h者；按预设24 h界值分为24 h内用药组（n=67）和24～48 h用药组（n=45）。主要结局为住院期间美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale，NIHSS）变化值（ΔNIHSS=入院NIHSS评分－出院前NIHSS评分）；次要结局包括出院前NIHSS评分、出院改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale，mRS）评分、显著神经功能改善、住院时间、出院去向及安全性事件。采用多因素线性回归分析24 h内用药与ΔNIHSS的相关性，并行简化模型、排除再灌注治疗患者、完整疗程人群、进一步调整大血管闭塞及OTT连续变量模型等敏感性分析。结果：总体OTT为19.65（14.97，34.68）h，疗程12.00（11.00，13.00）d，完成相对完整疗程比例89.3%。两组入院NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义［8.00（6.00，9.00）分 vs 8.00（6.00，10.00）分，P=0.447］；24 h内用药组出院前NIHSS评分更低［5.00（4.00，6.50）分 vs 6.00（5.00，8.00）分，P=0.025］，ΔNIHSS更高［3.00（2.00，3.00）分 vs 2.00（1.00，2.00）分，P＜0.001］，显著神经功能改善率更高（77.6% vs 60.0%，P=0.045）。多因素校正后，24 h内用药仍与更大的ΔNIHSS相关（β=0.768，95%CI：0.377～1.159，P＜0.001）；Logistic探索性分析显示其与显著神经功能改善发生可能性较高相关（OR=2.475，95%CI：1.047～5.853，P=0.039）。两组出血转化、症状性颅内出血、药物相关不良反应及院内死亡差异均无统计学意义。结论：本单中心真实世界队列中，发病48 h内依达拉奉右莰醇治疗疗程完成比例较高、短期安全性事件发生率低；24 h内启动治疗与住院期间NIHSS改善幅度较大及显著神经功能改善率较高相关。由于为回顾性观察性研究，结果应解释为关联性证据，需前瞻性、多中心研究及长期功能结局验证。

Objective: To describe real-world treatment characteristics of edaravone dexborneol in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated within 48 hours of onset and to explore the association between initiation time and short-term in-hospital outcomes. Methods: This single-center retrospective real-world study screened hospitalized AIS patients with edaravone dexborneol records from December 1, 2023 to April 30, 2026. Medication data were extracted from the pharmacy information system, inpatient orders, and medical records. After 35 exclusions, 112 of 147 patients with onset-to-treatment time (OTT) ≤48 h were included and classified by a prespecified 24-hour cutoff into a within-24-hour group (n=67) and a 24-48-hour group (n=45). The primary outcome was in-hospital National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) change (ΔNIHSS=admission NIHSS minus pre-discharge NIHSS); secondary outcomes included pre-discharge NIHSS, discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS), marked neurological improvement, length of stay, discharge destination, and safety events. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association between within-24-hour treatment and ΔNIHSS, with sensitivity analyses using simplified adjustment, exclusion of reperfusion-treated patients, the complete-course population, additional adjustment for large-vessel occlusion, and continuous OTT modeling. Results: Median OTT was 19.65 (14.97, 34.68) h, treatment duration was 12.00 (11.00, 13.00) days, and 89.3% completed a relatively complete course. Baseline NIHSS was comparable [8.00 (6.00, 9.00) vs 8.00 (6.00, 10.00), P=0.447]. The within-24-hour group had lower pre-discharge NIHSS [5.00 (4.00, 6.50) vs 6.00 (5.00, 8.00), P=0.025], greater ΔNIHSS [3.00 (2.00, 3.00) vs 2.00 (1.00, 2.00), P<0.001], and a higher marked improvement rate (77.6% vs 60.0%, P=0.045). After adjustment for age, admission NIHSS, reperfusion therapy, and atrial fibrillation, within-24-hour treatment remained associated with greater ΔNIHSS (β=0.768, 95% CI: 0.377-1.159, P<0.001). Exploratory logistic regression showed a higher likelihood of marked improvement (OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.047-5.853, P=0.039). Hemorrhagic transformation, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, drug-related adverse reactions, and in-hospital death did not differ significantly. Conclusion: In this real-world cohort, edaravone dexborneol within 48 h of AIS onset showed a high complete-course proportion and low short-term safety event incidence. Initiation within 24 h was associated with greater in-hospital NIHSS improvement and a higher marked improvement rate than initiation at 24-48 h. These findings are associative and need prospective multicenter validation with long-term functional outcomes.

目的：对比季德胜蛇药片不同用药方式分别与阿昔洛韦结合，在带状疱疹治疗中的价值。方法： 将74例于我院诊治带状疱疹患者随机分为外涂组（37例，季德胜蛇药片外涂结合阿昔洛韦治疗）与口服组（37例，季德胜蛇药片口服结合阿昔洛韦治疗）。对治疗7天后两组的症状程度、病情转归时间、整体疗效及用药安全性展开对比。结果：治疗后，外涂组VAS评分、皮损评分均低于口服组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，外涂组止疱时间、疼痛减轻时间、结痂时间均短于口服组（P＜0.05）；外涂组97.30%的总有效率较口服组的83.78%高（P＜0.05）；外涂组5.41%的药物副反应发生率较口服组的21.62%低（P＜0.05）。结论：在带状疱疹治疗中，季德胜蛇药片外涂结合阿昔洛韦治疗，相比于季德胜蛇药片口服结合阿昔洛韦治疗，可获得更好整体疗效，患者症状改善更明显，病情转归更快，用药安全性更高。

目的：对比季德胜蛇药片不同用药方式分别与阿昔洛韦结合，在带状疱疹治疗中的价值。方法： 将74例于我院诊治带状疱疹患者随机分为外涂组（37例，季德胜蛇药片外涂结合阿昔洛韦治疗）与口服组（37例，季德胜蛇药片口服结合阿昔洛韦治疗）。对治疗7天后两组的症状程度、病情转归时间、整体疗效及用药安全性展开对比。结果：治疗后，外涂组VAS评分、皮损评分均低于口服组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，外涂组止疱时间、疼痛减轻时间、结痂时间均短于口服组（P＜0.05）；外涂组97.30%的总有效率较口服组的83.78%高（P＜0.05）；外涂组5.41%的药物副反应发生率较口服组的21.62%低（P＜0.05）。结论：在带状疱疹治疗中，季德胜蛇药片外涂结合阿昔洛韦治疗，相比于季德胜蛇药片口服结合阿昔洛韦治疗，可获得更好整体疗效，患者症状改善更明显，病情转归更快，用药安全性更高。

目的 分析2021-2025年某社区卫生服务中心失眠患者用药趋势，为社区失眠规范化管理提供参考。方法 回顾性收集某社区卫生服务中心2021年1月至2025年12月失眠相关药物处方数据，共纳入处方18,042张，涉及患者3,805人。统计处方量、药物种类、患者年龄、性别、伴随疾病等信息。根据处方次数及平均处方间隔天数将患者分为三类：偶发就诊型（1次）、短期治疗型（2~10次且平均间隔≥60天）和长期用药型（>10次或平均间隔<60天），分析各类患者的用药特征及伴随疾病分布。结果 处方量从2021年2,688张增至2025年5,734张，增长2.1倍，就诊人数增长1.6倍。艾司唑仑占比从66.22%降至41.75%，右佐匹克隆从13.28%升至54.99%，2024年为关键转折点；各年龄组右佐匹克隆使用均呈上升趋势，2025年组间差异趋于消失（48%~61%）。患者平均年龄从73.2岁降至69.5岁（Tukey HSD，P<0.05），≥80岁组占比从29.36%降至14.28%。偶发就诊型占42.6%，短期治疗型占25.9%，长期用药型占31.6%。长期用药型消耗全部处方的68.2%，平均处方间隔37.3 d（中位34 d），右佐匹克隆占比43.2%。高血压是最常见伴随疾病，患病率随年龄升高（28.17%~68.17%）；高血脂和焦虑呈倒U型分布。结论 社区失眠就诊需求快速增长，药物结构向新型非苯二氮?类药物明显转变。失眠患者呈年轻化趋势。长期用药型患者消耗了大部分处方资源，其用药管理模式需结合处方间隔特征进行精准分层，并重视老年患者心血管代谢共病的综合管理。

To analyze the medication trends and characteristics of insomnia patients in a community health service center from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for standardized community-based insomnia management. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on insomnia-related prescription data from a community health service center between January 2021 and December 2025. A total of 18,042 prescriptions involving 3,805 patients were included. Prescription volume, drug types, patient age, sex, and comorbidities were analyzed. Patients were classified into three types based on prescription count and average prescription interval: episodic consultation type (1 prescription), short-term treatment type (2–10 prescriptions with interval ≥60 days), and long-term medication type (>10 prescriptions or interval <60 days). RESULTS Prescriptions increased from 2,688 in 2021 to 5,734 in 2025 (2.1-fold), with a 1.6-fold increase in patient visits. Estazolam decreased from 66.22% to 41.75%, while eszopiclone increased from 13.28% to 54.99%, with 2024 as the turning point. Eszopiclone usage increased across all age groups, converging to 48%–61% by 2025. Mean age decreased from 73.2 to 69.5 years (Tukey HSD, P<0.05), and the proportion of patients aged ≥80 years dropped from 29.36% to 14.28%. Episodic consultation type accounted for 42.6%, short-term treatment type 25.9%, and long-term medication type 31.6%. The long-term type consumed 68.2% of all prescriptions, with an average prescription interval of 37.3 days (median 34 days) and eszopiclone accounting for 43.2%. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity, increasing with age (28.17%–68.17%). Hyperlipidemia and anxiety showed an inverted U-shaped distribution. CONCLUSION Community insomnia treatment demand is growing rapidly, with a significant shift toward newer non-benzodiazepines and a trend toward younger patient demographics. Long-term medication patients consume the majority of prescription resources and require precise stratification based on prescription interval patterns, along with integrated management of cardiometabolic comorbidities in older adults.

目的 运用数据挖掘、网络药理学和分子对接的方法,探讨中药复方治疗中枢性性早熟（CPP）的用药规律和作用机制,为其临床治疗提供更多依据。方法 在中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（Wanfang）、维普中文期刊（VIP）等数据库中检索从建库至2022年10月发表的中药复方治疗CPP的文献,用Excel 2021 收集整理临床治疗CPP的常用中药复方,并通过Excel 2021、SPSS Modeler 18.0、SPSS Statistics 25.0等软件对其进行频次、关联规律等分析,研究CPP治疗的用药规律。在上述基础上采用网络药理学的研究方法,筛选出高频药对的活性成分、作用靶点以及疾病的相关靶点,构建蛋白互作网络,并通过基因本体和京都基因 基因组百科全书通路富集分析来阐明药物的作用机制。最后运用 Autodock Vina 软件进行分子对接对结果验证。结果 共筛选出224篇文献,包含方剂133首,中药188味。发现18味使用超过25次的高频药物;清热类、补虚类的药物应用较多;药物性味以寒及苦为主;归经之中以肝经占比最高;进一步关联分析得到高频药对14个;核心处方4个。网络药理学结果显示,共得到44个活性成分、200个药物靶点、1 287个疾病靶点、70个共有靶点、573条GO富集条目及136条KEGG通路,药物主要成分槲皮素、山奈酚、β-谷甾醇作用于雌激素受体、黄体酮受体等核心靶点,通过内分泌抵抗、雌激素等信号通路发挥治疗作用。分子对接结果显示药物主要活性成分与相应核心靶点具有较好的结合能力。结论 中药复方治疗CPP多为滋阴清热、补虚类药物,与药性寒,药味苦、甘,归肝、肾经的药物配伍使用。其中高频药对“知母-黄柏”通过多成分、多靶点调控内分泌抵抗、雌激素信号通路发挥治疗作用。

Objective To explore the prescription rules and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） in the treatment of central precocious puberty（CPP）by using data mining,network pharmacology and molecular docking,so as to provide more evidence for clinical treatment．Methods Using the literature on the treatment of CPP with TCM compounds,which was retrieved from the databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and other databases from the establishment of the database to October 2022 as the data sources．Excel 2021 was used to collect and summarize the commonly used TCM prescriptions for CPP,and conducted frequency analysis and association rules analysis of CPP by Excel 2021,SPSS Modeler 18.0,SPSS Statistics 25.0 and other software,so as to study the composition rule of prescriptions for CPP．On the basis of these results,network pharmacology method was used to screen out the active ingredients and action targets of high-frequency drugs,and then screen out the disease related targets to construct PPI network．Mechanism of drugs was clarified through GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis．Finally,the molecular docking of autodock Vina（Vina）platform was used to verify the results．Results A total of 244 documents met the search criteria,including 133 prescriptions and 188 traditional Chinese medicines．It had been found that 18 high-frequency Chinese medicines were used more than 25 times．The drugs mainly focused on clearing heat and supplementing deficiency．The medicinal flavors were mainly cold and bitter,which belonged to the liver channel．Further correlation analysis yielded 14 high-frequency drug pairs and 4 core prescriptions．The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that 44 active components,200 drug targets,1 287 disease corresponding targets,70 common targets,573 GO enrichment entries and 136 KEGG pathways targets were obtained．It has been found that the main components of the drugs,such as quercetin,kaempferol and β-sitosterol,act on the core targets of ESR1,PGR and play a therapeutic role through endocrine resistance and estrogen signaling pathways．Finally,molecular docking results showed that the main active ingredients of the drug had good binding ability with the corresponding core targets．Conclusions In the treatment of CPP,traditional Chinese medicine is mainly used types of nourish Yin,clear heat and replenish deficiency,which is compatible with the drugs with cold properties,bitter and pliant taste,and the liver and spleen channels．Among them,high-frequency drug pair “ZhiMu-HuangBai” play a therapeutic role in the regulation of endocrine resistance and estrogen signaling pathways through multi-components and multi-targets．

目的 应用 Python语言对《圣济总录》中腰痛病篇中的中药进行用药规律分析,提取腰痛病治疗方法及用药特色指导临床腰痛病治疗思路。方法 运用 Python语言中的语言提取对《圣济总录》中腰痛篇章中的所有中药方剂识别,提取方剂组成,统计并分析方剂中中药的规律并将其结果可视化呈现。结果 最终共纳入62首方剂,包含药物86味。其中使用频次≥7次、频率≥1.6%的药物共20味,频次频率最高的为桂枝;所用中药四气以温性为主,占56.74%;五味以辛、甘、苦为主,共约占90%,归经以肝肾经为主;药物功效以补虚类为主,占27.13%;关联规则分析显示提升度最高的组合为麻黄-独活,置信度最高的组合为巴戟天-牛膝、牵牛子-牛膝,支持度最高的组合为川芎-当归、川芎-杜仲;通过聚类分析得到3个聚类结果。结论 《圣济总录》治疗腰痛病方面善用通法和补法,强调活血通络,补益肝肾,尤擅长治疗肝肾亏虚或风寒所客等腰痛病证。

Objective Python language was used to analyze the rules of traditional Chinese medicine in the chapter of low back pain in Shengji Zonglu,and to extract the treatment methods and medication characteristics of low back pain to guide the clinical treatment of low back pain．Methods The language extraction in Python language was used to identify all the Chinese medicine prescriptions in the chapter of low back pain in Shengji Zonglu,extract the composition of the prescription,and analyze the rules of Chinese medicine in the prescription to visually present the results．Results A total of 62 prescriptions were included,including 86 drugs．Among them,with there were 20 kinds of drugs,the frequency of use ≥7 times,the frequency ≥1.6%,and cmnamomi Mmulus highest frequency．Four gas used in traditional Chinese medicine is given priority to with warm,accounted for 56.74%．The five flavors were mainly pungent,sweet and bitter,accounting for about 90%,and the liver and kidney meridians were the main meridians．The drug efficacy was mainly deficiency tonic,accounting for 27.13%．The association rule analysis showed that the combination with the highest improvement was Ephedrae Herba- Angelicae Pubescentis Radix,the combination with the highest confidence was Morindae Officinalis Radix- Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Pharbitidis Semen- Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix．and the combination with the highest support was Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Eucommiae Cortex．Three clustering result is obtained by cluster analysis．Conclusions In the treatment of low back pain,Shengji Zonglu is good at using both blocking methods and reinforcing methods,emphasizing circulating blood and unblocking meridians supplementing liver and kidney,especially in the treatment of low back pain syndrome caused by liver and kidney deficiency or wind and cold．

目的 探讨远程药学管理模式联合延续护理在2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并冠状动脉病变患者居家用药中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年6月—2023年6月在广州医科大学附属第三医院诊治的200例T2DM合并冠状动脉病变患者为研究对象,根据干预方式不同分为常规组100例和研究组100例。常规组患者给予院内院外常规护理,研究组在常规组的基础上给予远程药学管理模式联合延续护理。评估患者用药依从性、饮食依从性、运动依从性、自我管理能力、生活质量[36条目简明健康量表（SF-36）]及心血管事件发生情况。结果 研究组用药、饮食、运动依从性均高于常规组（P<0.05）。相较于干预前,两组患者在干预后的自我管理机能、自我责任感、自我概念及健康知识分值均升高,且研究组高于常规组（P<0.05）。相较于干预前,两组患者在干预后的活力（VT）、精神健康（MH）、情感职能（RE）、躯体疼痛（BP）、生理功能（PF）、社会功能（SF）、生理职能（RP）、总体健康（GH）分值均升高,且研究组高于常规组（P<0.05）。研究组与常规组患者心血管不良事件发生率分别为2例（2.00%）、15例（15.09%）,研究组高于常规组（χ²=10.865,P<0.05）。结论 远程药学管理模式联合延续护理能够提高T2DM合并冠状动脉病变患者的用药管理依从性,提高患者自我管理能力,改善生活质量,降低不良心血管事件的发生率。

Objective To explore the application effect of remote pharmacy management mode combined with continuous nursing in the home medication of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）patients with coronary artery disease．Methods A total of 200 patients with T2DM complicated with coronary artery diseases who were diagnosed and treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects．They were divided into a conventional group of 100 patients and a study group of 100 patients based on different intervention methods．The patients in the conventional group received routine care both in and out of the hospital,while the study group received remote pharmaceutical management mode combined with continuous care on the basis of the conventional group．Patient medication compliance,dietary compliance,exercise compliance,self-management ability,quality of life[36 item concise health scale（SF-36）] and incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were assessed．Results The compliance of medication,diet and exercise in the study group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）．Compared to before intervention,the self-management function,sense of responsibility,self-concept and health knowledge scores of both groups of patients were significantly increased after intervention,and the scores of the study group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）．Compared to before intervention,the Vitality（VT）,Mental Health（MH）,Emotional Function（RE）,Physical Pain（BP）,Physiological Function（PF）,Social Function（SF）,Physiological Function（RP）and Overall Health（GH）scores of both groups of patients were significantly increased after intervention,and the scores of the study group was significantly higher than those of the conventional group（P<0.05）．The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the study group and the conventional group were 2 cases（2.00%）and 15 cases（15.09%）,respectively,with the study group significantly higher than the conventional group（χ²=10.865,P<0.05）．Conclusions The combination of remote pharmaceutical management mode and continuous care can significantly improve the medication management compliance of T2DM patients with coronary artery disease,improve their self-management ability,improve the quality of their life and reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events．