目的 调查广州市市级(三级)妇幼医院与广州市农村地区区级(二级)妇幼医院护士离职意愿与工作满意度情况。方法 以广州市某三级甲等妇幼医院和4所(花都、南沙、从化、增城)地区二级妇幼医院的3 026名护士为研究对象。应用护士工作满意度量表(MMSS)及离职意愿量表(TIQ)进行问卷调查,并比较分析不同级别妇幼医院护士的离职意愿和工作满意度的差异。结果 相比二级妇幼医院,三级妇幼医院护士的平均年龄较大、学历、职称和奖金均较高、有编制人数所占比例较大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二、三级妇幼医院护士离职意愿平均得分依次为(2.38±0.682)分、(2.87±0.570)分,工作满意度平均得分依次为(3.34±0.702)分、(3.00±0.482)分。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 相比二级妇幼医院,三级妇幼医院护士离职意愿更强,工作满意度更低,护理管理者可采取有效措施提高护士工作满意度。

Objectives To investigate the current status of nurses' turnover intention and job satisfaction in secondary and tertiary women and children's hospitals in Guangzhou. Methods 3 026 nurses were enrolled in this study, which were from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou urban area and another 4 secondary hospitals located in rural districts, namely Huadu, Nansha, Conghua, Zengcheng. Systematic sampling was adopted. The Mueller/McCloskey Nurse Job Satisfaction Scale (MMSS) and Turnover IntentionQuestionaire(TIQ)were applied to carry out this investigation. Differences of nurses' turnover intention and job satisfaction between different levels' hospitals were compared and analyzed. Results Compared with those in the secondary hospitals, nurses in the tertiary maternity hospital were at higher average age, had better academic backgrounds with higher professional titles, more bonus and more positions of establishment. The differences all were statistically significant (P<0.05). The average scores of turnover intention for nurses from the secondary and tertiary hospitals were2.38±0.682 and 2.87 ±0.570 respectively. All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with those in the secondary maternal and child health hospitals, nurses in the tertiary hospitals were more willing to leave and had lower job satisfaction. Nurse's managers may take effective measurses to increase nurse's satisfaction.

目的 了解孕妇妊娠期运动现状及其影响因素,为优化妊娠期运动方案提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,使用自编《孕妇妊娠期运动现状及影响因素调查问卷》对广州市某三级甲等妇幼保健院214名孕周＞37周的孕妇进行调查。结果 妊娠期每次运动时长集中在30min~1 h的孕妇占43.0%;91.6%的孕妇选择散步和爬楼梯,仅有8.4%的孕妇接触过孕妇体操和瑜伽等其他运动形式;妊娠合并糖尿病与无合并症孕妇运动量相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);家人朋友为孕妇主要获取妊娠期运动信息来源。认为妊娠期运动不重要、缺乏安全感、家庭及社会支持为妊娠期运动的主要影响因素。结论 孕妇运动量总体处于较低水平,运动形式单一,受认知、心理、生理、社会因素影响;孕妇尤其是患有妊娠合并糖尿病的孕妇对妊娠期运动的重要性和必要性没有给予足够的重视;医护人员对于妊娠期运动的引导作用较弱。

目的 调查新疆疏附县基层医务人员对男童外生殖器畸形的认知及筛查能力,为制定新疆少数民族地区医务人员培训计划提供数据支持。方法 采用自行设计的问卷调查表,对新疆疏附县人民医院、乡卫生院及村医进行问卷调查,确定其对男童外生殖器畸形的认知程度。采用SPSS 13.0进行数据分析,比较维、汉两族医务人员的认知差异。结果 发放调查问卷400份,收回有效问卷365份,占91.25%。调查发现,新疆疏附县基层医务人员对外生殖器畸形相关知识认知正确率超50%的占参与问卷调查的54.79%。其中男性21.92%,女性32.87%。汉族医务人员对外生殖器畸形相关知识认知正确率超50%的占参与问卷调查的汉族医务人员50%,维族约57.40%,统计分析显示差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05);有关外生殖器畸形相关知识获取途径中,未参加相关知识培训占61.64%,参加过培训者38.36%;在临床实践中主动筛查新生儿外生殖器畸形者86.30%,发现外生殖器畸形病例者27.39%。结论 新疆疏附县基层医务人员普遍缺乏男童外生殖器畸形相关诊疗知识,在实际工作中发现并恰当处置此类疾病的能力亦相对欠缺。因此提高新疆少数民族地区基层医务人员对男童外生殖器畸形的诊断和治疗能力非常必要。

Objective To survey on the recognition and diagnosis capability of frontline healthcare workers in boy's genital malformation in Shufu, Xinjiang. Thereby to provide data support for the healthcare workers training there. Methods We designed a questionnaire and carried out a survey in Shufu people's hospital, township clinics and village doctors. Based on SPSS 13.0 data analysis, we made comparison on recognition difference between the Han and Uygur healthcare workers. Results 400 questionnaires were handed out, among them 365 were valid which accounted for 91.25%. The survey showed that there were 54.79% survey participators whose recognition correct rate was over 50% in Shufu, Xinjiang (21.92% for man, 32.87% for woman), 50% Han healthcare workers whose recognition correct rate was over 50% and that of 57.4% in Uygur peers.There was no significant difference in statistics(P<0.05). It accounted for 38.36% that participating in training as the access to relevant knowledge of genital malformation,but 61.64% was not. In clinical practice, 86.3% of survey participators screen the possibility of newborn genital malformation. And 27.39% of screened newborn have genital malformation. Conclusion The frontline healthcare workers in Shufu, Xinjiang at large are short of diagnosis knowledge on boy's genital malformation, as a result that they are difficult to recognize and give proper treatment on such cases in practice. The status thereby shows that it is critical to improve the diagnosis and treatment capability of frontline healthcare workers in boy's genital malformation in Xinjiang ethnic group area.

目的 随着人们生活水平的提高,中医药在养生保健上的作用日益为人们所接受。由于人们对中医药养生保健知识和理论了解较少,本次调查为了解江苏地区居民对中医药保健知识的普及现状。方法 通过派发调查问卷,用随机抽样的方式了解中医药保健知识普及的现状。结果 了解了江苏地区人们对中医药保健知识普及的现状。结论 通过调查,团队得出中医药保健事业的弘扬与发展非一日之功,需要大家共同的努力,政府应当提高中医药保健人员的资格认定标准,各类医院也当负起宣传中医药保健知识的责任,媒体和出版机构宣传正规中医药养生保健知识。

Objective As people's living standards improved, traditional Chinese herbal medicine used in health care becomes well accepted by some fake Chinese herbal medicine doctors. So that, the knowledge of traditional medicine still needs to be popularized. The research is about how well the public know about traditional Chinese herbal medicine in Jiangsu area. Methods We random selected certain amount of citizens to be the informed of the cognition degree of traditional Chinese medicine in public by letting the finish questionnaire. Results We get to know about the current situation of Chinese medicine health care knowledge in Jiangsu area. Conclusion Through the investigation, we need common efforts, carrying and inheriting traditional Chinese medicine. The government should improve the personnel qualification standard of Chinese medicine health care. Hospital will also promote Chinese medicine health care knowledge, and the media and publishing agencies has responsibility to advocate correct Chinese medicine health care knowledge.

KOA是临床上最常见,发病起源于关节软骨的慢性退行性关节疾病。近年来,应用黄芪治疗KOA的报道不断增多,并且开展了大量的机制研究。本文综述了黄芪在KOA治疗中的应用现状及研究进展,同时指出从PPAR-γ信号通路探索黄芪干预KOA的具体分子机制具有积极的理论和实践意义。

目的 探讨肝癌根治术后恶心呕吐现状及影响因素。方法 选取2022年5月—2024年5月天津市第二人民医院收治的70例肝癌患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行肝癌根治术,分析其术后恶心呕吐情况。并依照恶心呕吐发生情况进行分组,将30例术后发生恶心呕吐的患者分为观察组,其余40例患者为对照组。对比两组患者临床病理特征及围术期指标。并建立Logistic回归模型以术后恶心呕吐为因变量分析肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐的影响因素。结果 肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐发生率为42.86%（30/70）,其中Ⅰ度14例（20.00%）、Ⅱ度10例（14.29%）、Ⅲ度4例（5.71%）、Ⅳ度2例（2.86%）;观察组与对照组性别、体质量指数（BMI）、病理类型、临床分期、术前禁食时间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组与对照组年龄及是否化疗情况对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组与对照组手术时间、术后VAS评分、麻醉方式、术后合并其他并发症情况对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组与对照组肝门阻断时间、术中失血量及术后腹胀情况对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;年龄、是否化学治疗、术中失血量、术后腹胀情况为肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐发生率较高,且年龄、是否化疗、术中失血量及术后腹胀情况可能为恶心呕吐发生的影响因素,针对此类患者高风险患者需及时采取相关措施进行干预,预防患者术后恶心呕吐情况及减轻严重程度。

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of nausea and vomiting after radical resection of liver cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 liver cancer patients admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Tianjin from May 2022 to May 2024. All patients underwent radical surgery for liver cancer,and their postoperative nausea and vomiting conditions were analyzed. According to the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, 30 patients who experienced nausea and vomiting after surgery were divided into an observation group, and the remaining 40 patients were divided into a control group. The clinical and pathological characteristics as well as perioperative indicators between two groups of patients were compared. A logistic regression model was established to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients after surgical resection,with postoperative nausea and vomiting as the dependent variable. Results The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients was 42. 86%（30/70）, including 14 cases of grade I, accounting for 20. 00%, 10 cases of grade II, accounting for 14. 29%, four cases of grade III,accounting for 5. 71%, and two cases of grade IV,accounting for 2. 86%. There were no significant differences in gender,body mass index（BMI）, pathological type,clinical stage,and preoperative fasting time between the observation group and the control group（P>0. 05）. However, there were significant differences in age and chemotherapy status between the observation group and the control group（P<0. 05）. There were no significant differences in the operation time,postoperative VAS score,anesthesia method and postoperative complications between the observation group and the control group（P>0. 05）, but with differences in the portal block time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative abdominal distension between the observation group and the control group（P<0. 05）. Age, chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative abdominal distension were independent influencing factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients undergoing surgical resection（P<0. 05）. Conclusions The incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgical resection in liver cancer patients is relatively high, with age, chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative abdominal distension may be influencing factors for nausea and vomiting. Therefore, relevant measures should be taken in a timely manner to intervene in high-risk patients to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting and reduce its severity.

目的 探讨肾移植术后患者膀胱痉挛发生现状及影响因素。方法 选取广州医科大学附属第一医院2022年12月—2024年4月收治的80例肾移植患者为研究对象,记录术后膀胱痉挛发生情况,将15例术后发生膀胱痉挛的患者纳入膀胱痉挛组,其余65例患者纳入非膀胱痉挛组。对比两组一般人口学资料,术前临床资料、术中及术后情况。以合并膀胱痉挛作为因变量纳入Logistics回归模型分析肾移植术后膀胱痉挛发生的影响因素。结果 80例肾移植患者在术后共有15例患者发生膀胱痉挛,占比为18.76%。膀胱痉挛组与非膀胱痉挛组的性别、年龄、体质指数、文化程度、付费方式、家庭收入比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组原发疾病、合并基础疾病、透析方式比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组患者术前透析时间及术前贫血情况比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后尿管留置时间、术后尿潴留、术后视觉模拟量表评分、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、尿素氮、胱抑素C比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组使用尿管材质、术后7 d平均尿量比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;根据Logistics回归分析结果显示,术前透析时间（95%CI：1.327~9.846,OR：3.614,P=0.012）、术前贫血（95%CI：0.995~1.000,OR：0.997,P=0.045）、尿管材质（95%CI：1.498~3 199.687,OR：69.239,P=0.030）及术后7 d平均尿量（95%CI：1.058~334.543,OR：18.813,P=0.046）为肾移植术后膀胱痉挛发生的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 肾移植患者术前透析时间较长、术前贫血、应用尿管材质较硬、术后尿量少均可增加术后膀胱痉挛发生风险,因此需针对膀胱痉挛高风险患者增加护理评估,监测患者术后尿量,尽量选择软质尿管,预防肾移植术后膀胱痉挛的发生。

Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of bladder spasms in patients after kidney transplantation. Methods Selecting 80 kidney transplant patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 2022 to April 2024 as the research subjects, the occurrence of postoperative bladder spasm was recorded. Fifteen patients who experienced bladder spasm after surgery were included in the bladder spasm group, and the remaining 65 patients were included in the non bladder spasm group. The general demographic data,preoperative clinical data, intraoperative and postoperative conditions between two groups were compared. Incorporating bladder spasm as the dependent variable into the Logistics regression model to analyze the influencing factors of bladder spasm after kidney transplantation. Results A total of 15 out of 80 kidney transplant patients experienced bladder spasms after surgery, accounting for 18. 76%. By comparing general demographic data between the bladder spasm group and the non bladder spasm group, it was found that there were no significant differences in gender, age, Body Mass Index, education level, payment methods, and household income（P>0. 05）. There was no significant differences in primary disease, combined basic disease, and dialysis method between the two groups（P>0. 05）,while there were significant differences in preoperative dialysis time and preoperative anemia between the two groups（P<0. 05）. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss,postoperative urinary retention, postoperative visual analog scale score, C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, alkaline phosphatase, transaminase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, cystatin C were not different between the two groups（P>0. 05）. The difference in the mean urine volume after seven days and urinary catheter material were significant（P<0. 05）. According to the results of the Logistic regression analysis,preoperative dialysis duration（95%CI：1. 327-9. 846,OR：3. 614, P=0. 012）, preoperative anemia（95%CI：0. 995-1. 000,OR：0. 997, P=0. 045）, catheter material（95%CI：1. 498-3 199. 687,OR：69. 239, P=0. 030）, and mean urine output at seven days postoperatively（95%CI：1. 058-334. 543,OR：18. 813, P=0. 046）were identified as independent influencing factors for the occurrence of bladder spasms after kidney transplantation（P<0. 05）. Conclusions Renal transplant patients have a longer preoperative dialysis time, and the use of harder urinary catheter materials and lower postoperative urine output can increase the risk of postoperative bladder spasms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase nursing evaluation for high-risk patients with bladder spasms mentioned above, monitor postoperative urine output, and choose soft urinary catheters as much as possible to prevent the occurrence of bladder spasms after kidney transplantation.

       处方前置审核工作是推动临床合理用药的重要措施，对转变医院药学服务模式具有重要意义。传统处方点评为回顾性的事后点评，存在滞后性和局限性，不能实时监控合理用药。相比而言，处方前置审核可以及时、有效地干预问题处方，简化不合格处方修改流程，提高就诊患者的取药效率，而人机结合更能发挥药学信息智能化等多重优势。前置审核工作在各医院开展形式及发展水平不一，探讨新型模式，建立自主维护知识库，制定基本化原则，完善个性化原则，对前置审核系统进行全面人工筛查，可从源头上拦截或干预医生的不合理处方，促进用药规范性，提高处方或医嘱合理率，实现药学智慧信息化，辅助临床合理用药。

       Pre-prescription audit is an important measure to promote clinical rational use of drugs，which is of great significance to the transformation of hospital pharmaceutical care mode．Traditional prescription review for retrospective review has lag and limitations，can not real-time monitoring rational drug use．By contrast，pre-prescription audit can timely and effective intervene problem prescription，simplify the unqualified prescription modification process，improve the efficiency of patients take medicine，and man-machine combination can make more pharmaceutical information intelligent multiple advantages．Advanced audit work in various hospitals presents different forms and development level，exploring the new mode，establishing independent maintenance knowledge base，developing basic principles，perfecting personalized principle，comprehensive check of advanted audit system，can intercept or intervene doctors unreasonable prescription from the source，contribute to normative，improve the prescription or advice reasonable rate，realize pharmaceutical wisdom informatization，auxiliary clinical rational use of drugs．

      目的   旨在通过实证了解广东省青年中医人才岗位胜任力现状，探讨青年中医人才岗位胜任力素质特征，为青年中医人才培养提供策略。方法   通过专家咨询制定《青年中医人才岗位胜任力评价框架》并开展问卷调查，采用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析。结果   构建了包含8个一级指标、76个二级指标的《青年中医人才岗位胜任力评价框架》；广东省青年中医人才岗位胜任力自评总分整体处于及格以上水平。女性在职业价值和职业素养、临床技能、交流与沟通技能、管理能力和团队合作、批判性思维与学术科研能力的评分高于男性；不同职称在其他附加维度的评分比较具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论   构建的评价框架能够有效评估青年中医人才岗位胜任力；广东省青年中医人才岗位胜任力整体处于及格水平，需重视补强短板；女性青年中医人才岗位胜任力多个维度的得分优于男性，着重提升各人群的弱项维度岗位胜任力；进一步建立健全职称评聘制度，以破五唯为导向构建符合不同级别职称的青年中医人才评价机制。

      Objective  To understand the current job competence status of young TCM talents in Guangdong Province through empirical research，to explore the characteristics of job competence and quality of young TCM talents，providing strategy for cultivating young talents in TCM．Methods The “Competency Evaluation Framework for Young TCM Talents” was developed through expert consultation and a questionnaire survey was conducted．SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis．Results  “Job Competency Evaluation Framework for Young TCM Talents” was constructed，which included 8 primary indicator items and 76 secondary indicator items．The overall self-evaluation score of the overall job competence of young TCM talents in this study was above the passing level．Female score was higher than male in terms of professional value and professional ethics，clinical skills，communication and interpersonal skills，management ability and teamwork，critical thinking and academic research ability．There were statistically significant differences in the scores of different job titles in other additional dimensions（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  The constructed evaluation framework can effectively assess the job competence of young TCM talents．The overall competence of young TCM talents in Guangdong Province is at a passing level，and attention  should paid to  strengthening their weaknesses．Female young TCM talents have better multidimensional scores in job competence than males，and efforts should be made to focus on improving the weak dimensional job competence of various groups of people．The professional title evaluation and appointment system needs to be established and improved．A talent evaluation mechanism should be built for young TCM talents that meets different levels of professional titles，guided by the principle of breaking the five criteria．