目的 分析2024年2月至2026年2月郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）患儿的病原体分布情况及其流行病学特征。方法 选取2024年2月—2026年2月于郑州人民医院就诊的193例ALRTI患儿为研究对象，采集患儿咽拭子样本，统计患儿病原体检测结果，比较不同性别、不同年龄段、不同发病季节患儿病原体分布情况。结果 193例患儿中，经病原体检测出阳性患儿165例，总阳性检出率85.49%，检出率最高的前三位为RSV（20.73%）、MP（19.69%）、HRV（15.54%）；婴儿期患儿RSV感染占比（44.83%）最高，其次为HRV感染（20.69%），幼儿期患儿RSV、HRV、MP感染占比（17.31%、17.31%、19.23%）均较高，学龄前、学龄期患儿MP感染占比（33.33%、26.32%）最高，婴儿期患儿混合感染占比（6.90%）较低，学龄前患儿混合感染占比（20.00%）较高；春季时，各病原体分布较均衡，HRV、MP、SP感染占比（14.58%、12.50%、14.58%）均较高，夏季、秋季时，MP感染率（31.82%、28.85%）较高，冬季时，RSV感染率（55.10%）较高，四个季节中混合感染患儿占比较接近，其中秋季感染率（17.31%）相对较高。结论 2024年至2026年郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿病原体中，RSV、MP为主要病原体，各呼吸道病原体随患儿年龄段、季节变化存在不同发病高峰，临床应结合实际情况早期鉴别病原体，以指导临床制定针对性治疗方案，改善患儿预后。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from February 2024 to February 2026. Methods: A total of 193 pediatric patients with ALRTI who visited Zhengzhou People’s Hospital between February 2024 and February 2026 were selected as study subjects. Throat swab samples were collected from the patients, and pathogen testing results were compiled to compare the distribution of pathogens across different genders, age groups, and seasons of onset. Results: Among the 193 children, 165 tested positive for pathogens, resulting in an overall positive detection rate of 85.49%. The top three most frequently detected pathogens were RSV (20.73%), MP (19.69%), and HRV (15.54%); RSV infection had the highest prevalence (44.83%) among infants, followed by HRV infection (20.69%). Among preschoolers, the prevalence of RSV, HRV, and MP infections (17.31%, 17.31%, and 19.23%, respectively) was relatively high. MP infections were most common among preschool and school-age children (33.33% and 26.32%, respectively); the proportion of mixed infections was lower among infants (6.90%) but higher among preschoolers (20.00%); In spring, the distribution of pathogens was relatively balanced, with high proportions of HRV, MP, and SP infections (14.58%, 12.50%, and 14.58%, respectively). In summer and fall, the MP infection rate was high (31.82% and 28.85%, respectively). In winter, the RSV infection rate (55.10%) was high. The proportion of children with mixed infections was relatively similar across the four seasons, with a relatively higher infection rate (17.31%) in autumn. Conclusion: Among the pathogens identified in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from 2024 to 2026, RSV and MP were the primary pathogens. The incidence peaks of various respiratory pathogens varied according to the children’s age groups and seasons. Clinicians should conduct early pathogen identification based on actual conditions to guide the development of targeted treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.

摘要：目的：分析西双版纳傣族自治州地中海贫血髓外造血组织瘤样增生与胸部髓脂肪瘤的临床与CT影像学特征，筛选出可鉴别地中海贫血胸部髓外造血组织瘤样增生与胸部髓脂肪瘤的独立性影响因素。方法：选择2020年1月至2024年12月我院接诊的40例地中海贫血胸部髓外造血组织瘤样增生患者为病例组，选择同期就诊的40例胸部髓脂肪瘤患者为对照组进行回顾性分析。收集并比较两组患者一般资料及CT影像学特征，以多因素Logisitc回归筛选出独立性影响因素。结果：病例组与对照组性别、年龄、BMI、病灶最大径差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），两组病灶部位、病灶数量、病灶形态、密度、强化情况差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：病灶数量（OR=4.526，95%CI=1.258~16.281）、病灶形态（OR=0.310，95%CI=0.104~0.927）、密度（OR=6.704，95%CI=1.145~39.256）、强化情况（OR=4.062，95%CI=1.078~15.308）为地中海贫血髓外造血组织瘤样增生的鉴别两种疾病的独立性影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：病灶数量、病灶形态、密度等CT影像学特征可用于鉴别地中海贫血胸部髓外造血组织瘤样增生与胸部髓脂肪瘤。

目的 利用靶向二代测序技术探究天津市发热呼吸道症候群病原特征,分析病原流行特征,总结规律,为发热伴呼吸道症候群患者治疗策略提供指导。方法 收集2023年1月—2023年12月天津地区某四家医院初诊为发热伴呼吸道症候群的4 039例病例,通过tNGS技术检测,分析鉴定病原微生物,研究不同标本类型病原微生物分布、年龄分布、性别分布、不同时间季节感染分布、微生物类型分布趋势等。结果 4 039例经tNGS技术检测,共检测出90种潜在病原体,总阳性率为94.80%（3 829/4 039）。包括36种细菌、29种病毒、5种非典型病原体和20种真菌。不同种类病原体检出频次排序：革兰阴性细菌（G-细菌）>RNA病毒>DNA病毒>革兰阳性细菌（G+细菌）>真菌>非典型病原体。男女性别阳性检出率比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.249,P=0.618）;不同年龄段人群病原体谱有异质性,且阳性患者多分布在0~10岁和>60岁,阳性也集中在该两类人群,阳性率分别为47.90%（1 834/3 829）和31.24%（1 196/3 829）。在单一感染中,肺炎支原体占比最高,为4.91%,其次为新型冠状病毒,占1.59%,再次为呼吸道合胞病毒,占1.23%。不同季节不同感染类型具有差异,整体呈现夏冬季混合感染率高的特点,即夏季新冠病毒合并细菌（鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎链球菌）,冬季肺炎支原体合并甲型、乙型流感病毒多见。肺炎支原体对大环内酯类药物耐药率随月份呈现增加趋势。结论 tNGS 技术在天津市发热呼吸道症候群样本中获得了较高的病原体检出率,病原体覆盖面广,通过提供更多的病原体信息,可以有效辅助鉴别混合感染和耐药信息。

Objective Using targeted next-generation sequencing technology to explore the composition of the pathogenic spectrum of febrile respiratory syndrome ,analyze the epidemic characteristics of the pathogen,summarize the rules,and provide accurate guidance for the treatment strategy of patients with febrile respiratory syndrome．Methods By tNGS detection of 4039 cases with fever with respiratory diseases in four hospitals in Tianjin in 2023,pathogenic microorganisms were analyzed and identified,and the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms,age distribution,gender distribution,infection distribution in different times and seasons,and distribution trend of microbial types in different specimen types were studied．Results In 4039 cases,90 potential pathogens were detected,the total positive rate was 94.80%（3 829/4 039）,including 36 kinds of bacteria,29 kinds of viruses,5 kinds of atypical pathogen and 6 kinds of fungi．The order of detection frequency of different types of pathogens：G-bacteria > RNA virus > DNA virus > G+ bacteria > fungi > atypical pathogens．There was no significant difference in the positive rate of male and female between the two groups（χ²=0.249,P=0.618）．The pathogen spectrum of different age groups was heterogeneous． The positive patients were mostly distributed in 0-10 years old [47.90%（1 834/3 829）] and >60 years old [31.23%（1 196/3 829）]．Among the single infection,Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for the highest proportion,4.91%（188/3829）,followed by 2019-nCoV,1.59%（61/3 829）,and respiratory syncytial virus,1.23%（47/3 829）．There were differences in different infection types in different seasons,and the overall characteristics of mixed infection rate in summer and winter were high． In summer,the new coronavirus was combined with bacteria（Acinetobacter baumannii,Streptococcus pneumoniae）,and in winter,Mycoplasma pneumoniae was combined with influenza A and B viruses．The resistance rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to macrolides showed an increasing trend with the time．Conclusions The tNGS technology had obtained a high pathogen detection rate in the samples of febrile respiratory syndrome in Tianjin．By providing more pathogen information,it can be effectively applied to the etiological diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases and assist in the identification of mixed infections and drug resistance information．

目的 学习母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)的临床病理及免疫表型特征,总结该少见肿瘤的病理诊断经验。方法 回顾分析2例BPDCN患者临床资料,通过苏木素-伊红(HE)染色分析肿瘤组织及细胞形态,通过免疫组织化学染色分析肿瘤免疫表型,通过流式细胞学检测骨髓有无肿瘤侵犯,并结合文献分析。结果 本报道中1例为97岁女性,临床以皮肤瘀斑结节为首发症状,肿瘤细胞真皮内弥漫浸润,不侵犯表皮,细胞中等大小,核形不规则,核仁不明显。另1例为69岁男性,临床以淋巴结肿大为首发症状,淋巴结结构完全破坏,肿瘤细胞弥漫浸润,细胞呈中等大小的母细胞样,核仁明显。2例免疫表型均表达CD123、CD4、CD56、TDT,不表达B系、T系淋巴细胞及髓系标志物,肿瘤均累及骨髓。结论 BPDCN是一种罕见的淋巴造血肿瘤,临床常以皮肤病变或淋巴结肿大为首发症状,临床过程具高度侵袭性,通常伴有骨髓侵犯。该肿瘤需与具有母细胞形态的淋巴系肿瘤和白血病相鉴别,诊断需结合临床信息、HE形态及免疫组化结果综合判断。

Objective To summarize the diagnostic experiences of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) based on the study of its clinicopathological features and immunophenotypes. Methods The clinical data of 2 patients with BPDCN were collected, the structure alteration and cell morphology were observed by HE staining, the immunophenotype of tumor cells were studied by immunohistochemistry staining and flow cytometry was adopted to confirm the bone marrow involvement. Results Two patients, one of whom was a 97 year-old female, presented with cutaneous ecchymosis nodules as the first symptom. The epidermis, but not the dermal, was diffusedly infiltrated by tumor cells, which were medium-sized with irregular nuclei without prominent nucleoli. The other case was a 69 year-old male with lymph node enlargement as the first symptom. The skin was normal, but the lymph nodes were invasively destroyed by tumor cells, which were medium-sized blast-like with prominent nucleoli. The immunophenotypes of the two patients were both positive for CD123, CD4, CD56 and TDT, but negative for B, T lymphocyte derived and myeloid origin markers, both of which involved bone marrow. Conclusions BPDCN is a rare form of hematological neoplasm, skin symptoms or lymph node enlargement may be presented as the initial symptom, the clinical course were highly aggressive with high frequency of bone marrow involvement. The blastic-like lymphoma and leukemia entities should be considered into account for differential diagnose. The precise diagnosis of BPDCN should be established by integrating histomorphology, immunophenotype and clinical presentation information comprehensively.

目的 观察广州花都地区新冠疫情发生前后呼吸道肺炎支原体（MP）感染的流行病学特征,分析2018年—2019年（疫情前）和2020年—2021年（疫情后）期间的流行病学特点,为降低本地区的MP感染提供预防医学依据。方法 收集2018年1月—2021年12月于广州市中西医结合医院就诊的呼吸道感染患者51 005例,采用胶体金法检测血Mp- IgM抗体,对疫情前后年度、季节、性别和年龄段MP感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果 51 005例呼吸道感染患者中,MP感染总阳性率12.03%（6 134/5 1005）,新冠疫情发生前（2018—2019）阳性率为19.11%（5 161/27 010）,高于新冠疫情后（2020—2021）MP阳性率为4.06%（973/23 995）（χ²=2 721.32,P<0.001）。2018年和2019年（疫情前）不同季节MP检出率分别为：春季11.87%和17.76%,夏季13.26%和22.21%,秋季17.93%和24.59%,冬季14.20%和14.47%,以夏秋季阳性率高于春季和冬季;疫情后两年四季MP感染率均低于疫情前（P<0.001）,春季和冬季阳性率略高于夏秋季节。4年来呼吸道感染患者中MP感染率男性（13.87%）与女性（14.09%）比较差异无统计学意义。且疫情前（18.91%,19.28%）显著高于疫情后（2.49%,2.69%）,同时期不同性别阳性率比较差异无统计学意义。婴幼儿组（0~6岁）,学龄儿童组（>6~14岁）,青少年组（>14~30岁）,中青年组（>30~60岁）及老年组（>60岁）MP阳性检出率分别为20.89%、29.98%、9.29%、5.55%和4.57%,不同年龄组间MP感染率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以学龄期儿童多见,其次为婴幼儿。结论 新冠疫情前后4年MP感染流行特点为：新冠疫情前后MP感染无性别差异;学龄期儿童和婴幼儿是高发人群;一年四季均可发病,疫情前两年夏秋季高发,疫情后两年四季发病率均较低且差异变小;新冠疫情下广州花都地区MP感染率显著低于疫情前,2019-nCov防控措施（佩戴口罩等）也减少了MP感染。

目的 探讨广州地区儿童2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)感染筛查/疑似病例的流行病学特点、发病特点、可能的原因及防控建议。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月20日—2020年2月29日广州市唯一一家儿童2019-nCoV感染隔离定点医疗单位隔离病房收治住院的符合儿童2019-nCoV感染筛查/疑似病例129例,对其流行病学、发病特点、临床特征、实验室检查及转归、随访等进行总结分析。 结果 男 79例,女 50例,最小1个月,最大13岁,中位数2岁,51例(39.5%)有武汉疫区旅游或居住史,20例(15.5%)有与来自疫区有呼吸道症状人员接触史,17例(13.1%)周边或社区有确诊病例,3例(2.3%)有确诊病人接触史(其中2例为家庭确诊病例密切接触史),38例(29.5%)为临床符合或聚集性发病;临床症状:发热121例(93.8%),咳嗽92例(71.3%),流涕50例(38.8%),32例伴有腹泻、呕吐/腹痛(24.8%),102例(79.0%)白细胞降低或正常,C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)＜20 mg/L有103例(79.8%),57例(44.2%)胸片或CT示肺部斑片状影或实变;病原学检查:2019-nCoV实时荧光定量反转录PCR检测结果:所有患儿及陪同家属都有行咽拭子检查,只有21例患儿(16.3%)有行肛拭子检查,仅有1例(0.78%)家庭确诊病例密切接触者肛拭子阳性,但连续多次咽拭子结果阴性,余患者肛拭子和咽拭子及陪同家属咽拭子结果均阴性。其他病原学检查结果61例(47.3%),包括14例RSV阳性,9例流感病毒A,8例人偏肺病毒,6例肠道病毒,6例流感病毒B,6例肺炎支原体,4例副流感病毒1型,1例副流感病毒3型,2例人博卡病毒,3例腺病毒,1例肺炎克雷伯菌,1例人型葡萄球菌,其中1例合并副流感病毒1型及人博卡病毒。跟踪唯一1例确诊患者咽拭子多次检查均阴性,肛拭子持续19天后才转阴,一直无任何症状。其余患者好转出院后第3天、7天及14天进行随访,无异常发现。结论 儿童2019-nCoV感染筛查/疑似病例临床多表现为呼吸道或消化道症状,确诊主要依靠核酸检测,新冠病毒感染确诊率极低,而其将近50%病例能找到除新冠病毒外的其它相关病原体;高危患者为密切接触者,但存在漏诊的可能,肛拭子阳性率或高于咽拭子。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics, onset characteristics, pathogenic mechanism of 2019-nCoV infection in children, and its control and prevention in Guangzhou. Methods From January 20, 2020 to February 29, 2020, a retrospective analysis was carried out on 129 suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection admitted to the isolation ward of the only medical unit designated for children in Guangzhou. The epidemiology, disease characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, outcome and follow-up were summarized and analyzed. Results There were 79 males and 50 females, with a minimum age of 1 month and a maximum age of 13 years. Anong them, 51 cases (39.5%) had a history of tourism or residence in the epidemic area of Wuhan, 20 cases (15.5%) had a history of contact with people with respiratory symptoms from the epidemic area, 17 cases (13.1%) with a confirmed case in the surrounding area or community, 3 cases (2.3%) had a history of contact with a confirmed patient (2 of them were family clustering cases), 38 cases (29.5%) were clinically suspected cases. Clinical symptoms: 121 cases with fever (93.8%), 92 cases with coughing (71.3%), 50 cases with runny nose (38.8%), 32 cases with diarrhea, vomiting or abdominal pain (24.8%). In 102 cases (79.0%), white blood cells were decreased or normal, 103 cases (79.8%) with CRP＜20 mg/L, and 57 cases (44.2%) showed focal infection on chest X-ray or CT scan. Etiological examination: only one case (0.78%) of the family confirmed cases had positive anal swab result, but the throat swab results were negative all the time. The anal swab and throat swab results of other patients and the throat swab results of their accompanying family members were negative. Other pathogens were detected in 61 cases (47.3%), including 14 RSV positive cases, 9 influenza A positive cases, 8 human metapneumovirus positive cases, 6 enterovirus positive cases, 6 influenza B positive cases, 6 Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive cases, 4 parainfluenza virus type 1 positive cases, 1 parainfluenza virus type 3 positive cases, 2 human bocavirus positive cases, 3 adenovirus positive cases, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae positive cases, 1 Human Staphylococcus positive case, and 1 case with parainfluenza virus type 1 and human bocavirus. The only confirmed patient was followed up while multiple pharyngeal swab results were negative, and the positive anal swab results lasted for 19 days before turning negative and remained asymptomatic. Other patients were followed up on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after discharge, and no abnormal findings were found. Conclusion Screening/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection in children were mostly clinically manifested as respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnosis rate of nucleic acids was extremely low, and there was a possibility of missed diagnosis. Nearly 50% of cases could find other relevant pathogens excluding the 2019-nCoV. The positive rate of anal swab results was higher than that of pharyngeal swab.

目的 分析76例工业区来源的结核性胸膜炎患者的患病相关因素及临床特征。方法 回顾性收集2018年1月—2020年12月于深圳市中西医结合医院住院的76例工业区来源的结核性胸膜炎患者(观察组)的病历资料和57例同期同区域来源的健康体检者(对照组)的病历资料。运用统计学分析工业区结核性胸膜炎的患病相关因素及临床特征。结果 2组的比较当中,年龄、白蛋白水平、身高、体质量、体质量指数之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄及白蛋白水平则是工业区结核性胸膜炎的独立保护因素(P<0.001,OR=0.728,95% CI:0.634～0.836以及P<0.001,OR=0.908,95% CI:0.874～0.944);工业区结核性胸膜炎的临床症状为咳嗽(71.05%)、发热(48.68%)、胸痛(47.37%),发病季节以春秋季节(27.63%和32.90%)为主。结论 工业区结核性胸膜炎的独立影响因素是年龄及白蛋白水平,临床症状主要为咳嗽、发热、胸痛,好发于春秋季节。

Objective To analyze the relative factors and clinical characteristics of 76 patients with tuberculous pleurisy from industrial area. Methods The medical records of 76 patients with tuberculous pleurisy from industrial areas (observation group) and 57 healthy subjects from the same period and region (control group) who were hospitalized in Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. The correlative factors and clinical characteristics of tuberculous pleurisy in industrial area were analyzed by statistics. Results There were statistically significant differences in age, albumin level, height, weight and body mass index between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and albumin level were independent protective factors for tuberculous pleurisy in industrial areas (P<0.001, OR=0.728, 95% CI: 0.634~0.836 and P<0.001, OR=0.908, 95% CI: 0.874~0.944). The clinical symptoms of tuberculous pleuritis in industrial areas were cough (71.05%), fever (48.68%) and chest pain (47.37%), and the onset season was mainly in spring and autumn (27.63% and 32.90%). Conclusions The independent influencing factors of tuberculous pleuritis in industrial area are age and albumin level. The main clinical symptoms are cough, fever and chest pain, which usually occur in spring and autumn.

目的 了解广州市肾综合征出血热住院病例临床表现和流行病学特征,分析患者出现重症的影响因素,为加深疾病认知和识别重症提供科学依据。方法 回顾性选取2014年1月以来在广州市二级及以上医疗机构住院的明确诊断为肾综合征出血热的患者572例作为本研究研究对象,自行设计问卷,收集患者流行病学史、临床表现和实验室检测结果,采用多因素Logistic回归分析识别患者重症HFRS的影响因素。结果 572例患者中男406人,女166人,男女比2.45:1,年龄最小者14岁,最大89岁,平均年龄(41.21±14.16)岁。临床表现以发热、起病急、乏力为主,三者分别占比96.33%、88.29%和82.32%,重症病例93例,重症率16.26%,不同颈红、胸红、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、眼睑浮肿、黄疸、少尿或无尿、低血压、休克、白细胞计数减少、尿膜状物情况和鼠类暴露情况的患者重症发生率差异有统计学意义(均 P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄为40～49岁、呕吐、休克、房内有老鼠及食物粮食无防鼠设备是患者发生重症的危险因素,其OR值和95%CI分别为2.712(95%CI:1.039~7.077)、2.99(95%CI:1.462~6.114)、5.822(95%CI:1.891~17.927)和3.292(95%CI:1.479 ~7.327)。结论 临床表现有呕吐和休克症状以及有明确的啮齿类动物暴露史者重症的风险更高,在今后的防治中,应进一步加强健康宣传教育,广泛开展灭鼠活动,临床上对存在高危风险的病例进行早期干预以提高患者的预后效果。

Objective To understand the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Guangzhou, analyze the influencing factors of patients with severe illness, and provide scientific basis for deepening disease recognition and identifying severe illness. Methods A retrospective selection of 572 patients with a clear diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome who were hospitalized in second-level and higher medical institutions in Guangzhou since January 2014 were selected as the research objects. Questionnaires were designed and the epidemiological history clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of patients were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of patients with severe HFRS. Results Among the 572 patients, there were 406 males and 166 females. The male-to-female ratio was 2.45:1. The youngest was 14 years old, the oldest was 89 years old, and the average age was (41.21±14.16)years old. The clinical manifestations were mainly fever, acute onset, and fatigue, which accounted for 96.33%, 88.29% and 82.32%. There were 93 severe cases with a severe rate of 16.26%. Different neck redness, chest redness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and nausea, vomiting, eyelid edema, jaundice, oliguria or anuria, hypotension, shock, decreased white blood cell count, urine membranes and rodent exposure, there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of severe illness (all P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis of factors showed that the age of 40-49 years, vomiting, shock, the presence of rats in the room, and food without rodent-proof equipment were risk factors for severe illness. The OR values and 95%CI were 2.712 (95 %CI: 1.039-7.077), 2.99 (95%CI: 1.462-6.114), 5.822 (95%CI: 1.891-17.927) and 3.292 (95%CI: 1.479-7.327). Conclusion Patients with clinical manifestations of vomiting and shock symptoms and a clear history of rodent exposure are at higher risk of severe illness. In the future prevention and treatment, health promotion and education should be further strengthened, rodent control activities should be carried out extensively, and early intervention is taken clinically to improve the patient's healing effect.

目的 了解早产儿母亲群体的知识需求和情感特征,为延续性护理提供证据支持。方法 创建早产儿妈妈群,群成员共43人,通过整理并计量分析2018年9月—2019年1月的该微信群群聊记录,对群聊记录进行主题分类,归纳出对话频次最多及参与人数过半的聊天主题,并统计分析不同孕妇情况不同早产儿情况下早产儿母亲的关注内容。结果 早产儿母亲对早产儿照护相关知识需求较大,尤其在早产儿生长发育管理及疾病管理知识方面。此外,不同家庭月均收入水平、不同文化程度、不同分娩孕周、新生儿出生体质量不同、新生儿住院天数不同,其对话主题明显不同,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 延续性护理工作中应加强早产儿照护相关知识宣教,根据孕妇和早产儿情况给予更加针对性的指导,同时不能忽视早产儿母亲的心身需求。此外,对群聊记录进行资料分析的方法可靠,建议在未来的研究中应用。

Objective To investigate the knowledge needs and psychological characters of the mothers of premature infants, providing the basis for continuous nursing. Methods WeChat group of mothers of premature infants was established and 43 group members were included. Chatting records of the WeChat group from September 2018 to January 2019 were extracted and classified into relevant topics. The topics with the most conversations or more than half of the participants and the topic related to the psychological experiences of mothers of premature infants were further analyzed. Results Mothers of premature infants had a large knowledge need for the care for premature infants, especially the knowledge about the growth and development management of premature infants and disease management of premature infants. Moreover, some mothers of premature infants had negative psychological feelings. Mothers with different family monthly income, educational levels, pregnancy duration, different weight and hospitalization cycles of their infants, had different chatting topics, which differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In continuous nursing for mothers of premature infants, education on the care for premature infants should be strengthened and comprehensive measures of mental health should be undertaken. Additionally, the method of analyzing chatting records seems reliable and can be applied in future studies.

目的 探讨广州市区小学生的性格发展状况,为了解和促进广州市儿童的性格和身心健康发展提供科学依据和建议。方法 采取横断面调查研究,通过整群随机抽样的方法抽取广州市区两所小学三年级学生共405名,采用儿童艾森克个性问卷(Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, JEPQ)量表进行问卷调查,采用两独立样本t检验比较性别、年龄组、不同地区间的JEPQ各维度得分,采用卡方检验比较不同地区间JEPQ各维度的高分比例。 结果 广州市区小学生JEPQ的内外向(extroversion and introversion, E)、神经质(neuroticism, N)、精神质(psychoticism, P)、掩饰性(lie, L)维度标准分T分分别为50±11、50±16、42±18、50±10。其中,20.6%的儿童情绪不稳定(N维度T分>61.5);22.3%和32.7%的儿童分别为内向(E维度T分<43.3)和外向(E维度T分>56.7)倾向;6.3%的儿童性格孤僻或有攻击性(P维度T分>61.5)。与重庆、滁州、和西安地区相比,广州地区男女生的E维度得分较高(除西安女生,P<0.05)。结论 广州市区的两成小学生有焦虑、紧张的倾向,与其他城市相比更为外向。建议打造学校-社区-家庭“三位一体”的支持网络,为儿童的身心健康发育保驾护航。

Objective To explore the personality status of urban primary school students in Guangzhou, to provide evidence and suggestions for personality traits, as well as physical and psychological health improvement of children in Guangzhou city.Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling was applied to the survey of personality traits in 405 grade-3 pupils from two primary schools of Guangzhou, using Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ). Independent t test was used to compare scores of all the dimensions in JEPQ between genders, age groups, and districts. Chi-square was used to compare proportion of high score in each dimension between districts. Results The standard T points of JEPQ in the dimensions of extroversion & introversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), lie (L) of Guangzhou city pupils were 50±11, 50±16, 42±18 and 50±10, respectively. Among them, 20.6% of subjects were emotionally unstable (T score＞61.5 in N dimension). 22.3% and 32.7% of children were introverted (T score＜43.3 in E dimension) and extroverted (T score＞56.7 in E dimension) respectively, and 6.3% of children were unsocial or aggressive (T score＞61.5 in P dimension). Compared with Chongqing, Chuzhou and Xi-an cities, the scores of E dimension were higher in both boys and girls of Guangzhou city (except for Xi-an girls, P<0.05). Conclusion Around twenty percent of Guangzhou city primary students tend to be anxious and nervous. Compared with the other cities, pupils in Guangzhou city are more extroverted. We suggested a three-in-one support network of school-community-family should be built to facilitate the children's physical and mental health development.