目的 分析早产儿发生新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的临床特点及危险因素。方法 选取2021年3月—2023年3月在濮阳市人民医院出生的早产儿160例,根据有无NEC分为NEC组（40例）和非NEC组（120例）,总结和比较两组患儿的临床资料,分析早产儿NEC的危险因素。结果 NEC组早产儿的发病时间主要集中在出生后的3~21 d,平均发病时间为（12.84±3.5）d。主要临床症状包括肉眼便血23例（57.5%）、腹胀31例（77.5%）、呕吐18例（45.0%）、呼吸暂停7例（17.5%）、肠穿孔9例（22.5%）。Logistic回归分析发现,败血症、输血、呼吸窘迫综合征及新生儿窒息是早产儿发生NEC的危险因素（P<0.05）,而预防应用益生菌以及母乳喂养是NEC的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 NEC的主要临床表现包括肉眼便血、腹胀、呕吐、呼吸暂停、肠穿孔等;患儿出现NEC与败血症、输血、呼吸窘迫综合征及新生儿窒息等因素相关;母乳喂养和益生菌的应用是其保护因素。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）in premature infants. Methods A total of 160 premature infants born in Puyang People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected and divided into NEC group（40 cases）and non-NEC group（120 cases）according to the presence or absence of NEC．The clinical data were obtained and compared between the two groups．The clinical data of two groups were compared,and the related risk factors of NEC in premature infants were analyzed and summarized. Results The onset time of NEC premature infants is mainly between 3-21 days after birth,with an average onset time of（12.84±3.5）days．The main clinical symptoms included 23 cases（57.5%）of bloody stool,31 cases（77.5%）of abdominal distension,18 cases（45.0%）of vomiting,7 cases（17.5%）of apnea,and 9 cases（22.5%）of intestinal perforation．Logistic regression analysis found that sepsis,blood transfusion,respiratory distress syndrome,and neonatal asphyxia were risk factors for NEC in premature infants（P<0.05）,while prophylactic use of probiotics and breastfeeding were protective factors for NEC（P<0.05）. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of NEC include bloody stool,abdominal distension,vomiting,apnea,intestinal perforation,etc．NEC in infants is related to sepsis,blood transfusion,respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal asphyxia．Breastfeeding and the application of probiotics are its protective factors．