目的 探讨养老机构老年人死亡态度及其影响因素。方法 选取2018年1月—2022年12月广州市养老机构的593名老年人进行问卷调查,统计养老机构老年群体对死亡的态度,并分析其死亡态度发生的影响因素。结果 经过研究发现,对死亡的态度呈自然接受的老年人数量最少,为42例,占比为7.1%,其次从高到低依次为逃离接受老年人308例,占比为51.9%;死亡恐惧老年人83例,占比为14.0%;死亡逃避老年人81例,占比为13.7%;趋近接受老年人79例,占比为13.3%。患者的死亡态度与患者所患的疾病病种有关,影响死亡态度的因素包括：生理心理因素、文化思想因素、社会环境因素,其中发生概率最高的是生理心理因素,占比为50.9,其次从高到低依次为文化思想因素,占比为26.5%;社会环境因素,占比为22.6%。死亡态度中趋近接受维度的分值相对更高,其次依次为死亡恐惧、自然接受、死亡逃避以及逃离接受。单因素分析显示差异有统计学意义的项目包含家庭内讨论死亡、性别、健康自评状况、年龄、患病种数、经济结构。结论 在养老机构中,大多数老年人对死亡是无法自然接受的,大部分老年群体对死亡的态度是逃离接受,部分群体对死亡的态度是恐惧、逃避;而影响老年群体死亡态度的因素主要是生理心理因素。
Objective To explore the death attitudes and its influencing factors among the elderly in nursing institutions. Methods A questionnaire survey on death attitudes was conducted among 593 elderly individuals in nursing institutions in Guangzhou from January 2018 to December 2022,and their possible influencing factors were analyzed. Results There were 51.9% of the elderly individuals whose death attitudes were characterized by escape acceptance,while 7.1% demonstrated natural acceptance．However,the numbers of the elderly individuals with approaching acceptance,fear of death and escape from death showed no significant statistical difference,all being lower than the number of the elderly individuals with escape acceptance．The influencing factors of death attitude included physiological and psychological factors,cultural and ideological factors,and social environment factors．The probability of physiological and psychological factors influencing death attitudes was higher than that of other factors（P<0.05）．The score for the dimension of approaching acceptance in death attitudes was higher than that for other dimensions（P<0.05）. Conclusions In nursing institutions,the majority of elderly individuals cannot naturally accept death．Most elderly individuals exhibit an attitude of escape acceptance towards death,while some exhibit an attitude of fear and escape．However,the factors influencing the elderly's attitudes towards death are mainly physiological and psychological factors．
目的 分析护生死亡态度的潜在类别及其影响因素，为开设符合我国国情的死亡教育课程提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取唐山市高校护生为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表进行调查，基于潜在剖面分析护生死亡态度的类别及不同类别的影响因素。结果 共发放问卷520份，回收问卷516份，回收率为99.23%，剔除无效问卷11份，有效回收率为97.87%。护生死亡态度描绘量表得分为（96.91±13.20）分，经过剖面分析可划分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型（63.60%）和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型（36.40%）2个潜在类别。Logistic回归分析结果显示，陪伴临终亲友、未接触过死亡相关场所、半年内有亲友离世的护生属于死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型的概率较大，自身性格偏外向、研究生学历的护生属于死亡态度积极-自然接受型的概率较大（均P＜0.05）。结论 护生死亡态度存在明显的分类特征，可分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型2个潜在类别；相关院校可针对不同类别特征的护生开设死亡教育相关课程，以期帮助护生更深刻地认识死亡，树立科学死亡观。
Objective To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of nursing students’ death attitude，to provide reference for setting up death education courses in line with China’s situation．Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select nursing students in Tangshan．General data questionnaire and death attitude description scale were used to investigate the categories of nursing students’ death attitude and their influencing factors based on latent profiles．Results A total of 520 questionnaires were sent out and 516 were collected with a rate of 99.23%．Eleven invalid questionnaires were excluded with an effective rate of 97.87%．The score of the death attitude description scale of nursing students was（96.91±13.20），which could be divided into two potential categories：positive death attitude - natural acceptance type（51.49%）and negative death attitude - fear type（48.51%）after profile analysis．Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing students who accompanied their dying relatives and friends，had no visit to death-related places，and had relatives and friends who died within six months had a higher probability of negative death attitude - fear of death，while nursing students with extrovert personality and graduate degree had a higher probability of positive death attitude - natural acceptance（all P＜0.05）．Conclusions There were obvious classification characteristics of nursing students’ attitude towards death，which can be divided into two latent categories：positive attitude towards death - natural acceptance type and negative attitude towards death - fear type．Relevant colleges and universities can set up death education courses for nursing students with different characteristics，in order to help nursing students have a deeper understanding of death and establish a scientific view of death．
