纤毛是细胞表面的重要细胞器,广泛参与细胞运动、感知外界信号和维持器官功能等生理过程。纤毛的形成,即纤毛发生(ciliogenesis)是一个高度复杂且受精密调控的过程,涉及大量与纤毛结构和功能相关基因的表达与调控。近年来,随着基因组学和发育生物学的发展,越来越多的研究揭示了多种关键转录因子在纤毛发生中的调控作用,包括RFX家族、FOXJ1、MCIDAS、GEMC1、MYB、E2F等。这些转录因子共同构成了一个多层次、多通路交织的调控网络,调控纤毛组装、基体复制、纤毛定位和功能维持等多个方面。本文系统综述了纤毛相关基因转录调控的研究进展,特别是关键转录因子的功能、相互作用及其在纤毛病中的作用,为深入理解纤毛的发育机制和疾病治疗提供参考。
Cilia are crucial cell-surface organelles involved in cell movement,signal sensing,and organ function maintenance.Their formation,or ciliogenesis,is a complex and precisely controlled process that requires the expression and regulation of numerous cilia-related genes.Recent advances in genomics and developmental biology have uncovered the regulatory roles of key transcription factors like the RFX family,FOXJ1,MCIDAS,GEMC1,MYB,and E2F in ciliogenesis.These factors form a multi-level,interconnected regulatory network that oversees cilium assembly,basal body replication,ciliary positioning,and function preservation.This review systematically examines current research on transcriptional regulation of ciliary genes,with a focus on the roles,interactions,and contributions of these key transcription factors to ciliopathies,offering insights into ciliary development and disease treatment.