目的 探讨早期康复护理干预对胸腰椎骨折内固定术后患者的临床护理效果。方法 2014年6月—2016年12月,将94例胸腰椎骨折内固定术后患者按数字随机法,分为实验组51例和对照组43例,分别实进行早期康复护理和常规性护理。比较两组患者胸腰背部功能状况、胸腰背部疼痛情况、术后抑郁水平,以及护理满意度等相关指标,以评价早期康复护理的效果。结果 94例患者均获得3个月随访。与对照组比较,实验组患者平均住院天数减少4.1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平均住院费用也有所下降;实验组和对照组总并发症发生率分别为7.84%和20.9%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义;实验组的护理工作满意度高达90.20%,高于对照组的67.44%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,Oswestry功能障碍评分实验组为(14.74±3.25),低于对照组的(20.04±5.32)(P<0.05); SDS评分实验组的为42.35±3.68,低于对照组的(47.28±3.49)(P<0.05);胸腰背痛VAS评分实验组的为(1.07±0.67),低于对照组的(2.62±1.86)(P<0.05)。结论 早期康复护理干预是促进胸腰椎骨折内固定术后患者快速康复的有效方法,提高患者对护理工作的满意度,值得推广应用。

Objective To evaluate and compare the outcomes of early rehabilitation nursing and routine nursing care for patients with thoracolumbar bursting fracture after internal fixation. Methods From June 2014 to December 2016, this study enrolled ninety-four subjects who were randomly divided into observe group with fifty-one cases and control group with forty-three cases according to the digital random method. Patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing care, and early rehabilitation nursing care were used in the observe group. The physical function of thoracolumbar spine, psychological condition, pain of thoracolumbar spine, nursing satisfaction and soon. were compared between the two groups. Results The average days of hospital stay in the observation group was 4.10 days, it was less than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Average hospital costs were also declined. The total complication rate were 7.84% in observe group and 20.9% in control group, there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction was 90.20% in observe group, which was higher than 67.44% in that in control group (P<0.05). When follow-up three months after operation, the ODI score in experiment group was(14.74±3.25), which was lower than that (20.04±5.32)in control group (P<0.05). The SDS score in experiment group was (42.35±3.68), which was lower than that (47.28±3.49)in control group(P<0.05). And the VAS score in experiment group was (1.07±0.67), which was lower than that(2.62 ±1.86)in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Early rehabilitation nursing care is effective to the rapid functional recovery for patients with thoracolumbar bursting fracture after internal fixation, and improves the nursing satisfaction.

目的 评估大光斑低能量Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗黄褐斑的疗效和安全性。方法 采用Q开关Nd∶YAG激光器以波长1064 nm,光斑6～7 mm,能量2.0～2.5 J/cm²,对黄褐斑患者进行治疗,以治疗处呈现微红为治疗终点,每月1次,治疗5次,共治疗黄褐斑36例。结果 36例患者中基本治愈8 例(22.23%),显效15例(41.67%),好转9例(25%),无效4例(11.11%),前两者之和为总有效率,达63.89%。患者耐受性好,无明显副作用。结论 大光斑低能量Q开关Nd:YAG激光为治疗黄褐斑提供了安全有效的方法。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and security of Q-switched laser with Large Spot and Low Fluence for the treatment of melasma. Methods Thirty-six patients with melasma were enrolled in study. 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used with light spot of 6-7 mm and 2.0-2.5 J/cm² in fluence.Treatments are ended when the melasma area turns slight red. Subjects were received a total of 5 treatments at one month intervals. Results Thirty-six patients completed the trial. 22.23% of patients achieved 90% to 100% clearance and 41.67% achieved 60% to 90% clearance. The total efficient rate reached 63.89% .Side effects was minimal and all the patients tolerated the treatment well. Conclusion Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with Large Spot and Low Fluence provides a safe and effective treatment method for melasma.

目的 观察HB13对SD大鼠的一般生殖毒性。方法 SD大鼠,雌雄各100只,分为低、中、高剂量组(20、40和80 mg/(kg·d))和对照组(0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液),每组25只。雄鼠于交配前28 d给药,雌鼠于交配前14天给药,给药至妊娠第7天。雄鼠交配后处死,孕鼠于妊娠第14天颈椎脱臼处死,观察HB13对雌雄鼠一般情况、生育力和胚胎发育的影响。结果 与对照组相比,HB13高、中剂量组雄鼠给药期体重减轻,睾丸系数及附睾系数增大,异常精子率升高;高剂量组还使雄鼠生育力降低。给予高、中剂量HB13的雌鼠妊娠后体重较对照组减轻,着床后丢失率增高,吸收胎数增加,活胎数减少,连胎子宫重降低;高剂量组HB13还使雌鼠生育率及着床数降低,着床前丢失率升高。结论 HB13低剂量对雌、雄性大鼠无一般生殖毒性;中剂量对孕鼠早期胚胎发育有明显干扰作用;高剂量对雌、雄大鼠生育力有显著降低作用并且对早期胚胎发育有明显干扰作用。

Objective To study the general reproductive toxicity of HB13 in SD rats. Methods SD rats, 100 females and 100 males, were divided into low, medium and high dose groups 20, 40 and 80 mg/(kg·d) and the control group (0.5% CMC-Na), The rats were given HB13 for 28 days in male rats and 14 days in female rats respectively before mating, and then mated. The HB13 treatment continued until the 7th day of pregnancy. When the female rats were confirmed pregnant, the male rats were executed and the female rats were executed on the 14th day of pregnancy. Then we can observe the effect of HB13 on fertility and embryonic development in rats. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight of medium, high dose group reduced significantly, the coefficient of testicular and epididymis, abnormal sperm rate increased significantly. High dose group of HB13 also made the fertilityof male rats decline; The body weight, live births uterus weight (including the fetus) of pregnant rats in high and medium group decreased significantly. At the same time, the rate of lost oosperm and absorbed embryo increased. The high dose group of HB13 can also reduce the fertility of female rats. Conclusion The low dose group of HB13 didn't have general reproductive toxicity in rats, the medium dose group impaired early embryonic development, but the high dose group can significantly reduce the fertility of both male and female rats, and can impair the development of embryonic.