目的 调查重型β地中海贫血患儿照顾者的负担现状，并分析其影响因素，为医护人员制定干预方案提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法，于2024年1月—12月选取华南地区5家医院就诊的重型β地中海贫血患儿的主要照顾者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、Zarit照顾者负担量表、中文简化版家庭弹性量表和社会支持评定量表进行调查，并采用单因素分析、相关性分析及多重线性回归探究其影响因素。结果 共发放问卷242份，回收232份，回收率为95.87%。重型β地中海贫血患儿主要照顾者照顾负担的总体平均得分为（36.67±18.63）分。多重线性回归分析结果显示，患儿输血频率、输血相关性皮肤过敏和社会支持是患儿照顾负担的影响因素（P＜0.001），可解释总变异的23.9%。结论 重型β地中海贫血患儿照顾者负担程度以中重度为主。患儿曾出现输血不良反应、输血频率更高，其照顾者负担更重；而主要照顾者具有良好的社会支持水平有助于降低其照顾者负担。医护人员应针对以上因素制定干预方案，以减轻重型β地中海贫血患儿照顾者负担水平。

      Objective To investigate the current burden in caregivers of children with β thalassemia major and analyze its influencing factors，so as to provide a basis for medical staff to formulate intervention plans．Methods By using the convenience sampling method，primary caregivers of children with β thalassemia major from five hospitals in South China from January to December 2024 were selected as the survey subjects．The general information questionnaire，Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale，Simplified Chinese Family Resilience Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used for the survey．And univariate analysis，correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were adopted to explore its influencing factors．Results A total of 242 questionnaires were distributed and 232 were retrieved，with a recovery rate of 95.87%．The overall average score of care burden for primary caregivers of children with β thalassemia major was（36.67±18.63）．The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the frequency of blood transfusion in children，transfusion-related skin allergy and social support were the influencing factors of the care burden（P＜0.001），which could explain 23.9% of the total variation．Conclusions The burden level in caregivers of children with β thalassemia major is mainly moderate to severe．The children with adverse reactions to blood transfusion and higher frequency of blood transfusion impose a heavier burden on its caregivers．The primary caregivers who have good social support can help reduce the burden．Medical staff should formulate intervention plans based on the above factors to reduce the burden level of caregivers of children with β thalassemia major．

目的：探究基于互联网的急诊链式流程护理应用于高热惊厥患儿，对其转运效率、抢救效率及护理安全的干预效果。方法：回顾性选取2025年1月-2026年3月我院收治的95例急诊高热惊厥患儿。依据临床实施护理方案不同划分为传统护理组49例、链式护理组46例。传统护理组采用常规急诊护理模式，链式护理组实施基于互联网的急诊链式流程护理。两组均干预至患儿出院。对比两组分诊耗时、抢救操作时长、院内转运时长、惊厥控制时间、退热时间、干预前后生命体征变化，同时统计急救期间不良反应发生率及家属护理满意度。结果：链式护理组的分诊耗时、抢救操作时长、院内转运时长、惊厥控制时间、退热时间均短于传统护理组，差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。干预后，链式护理组体温、心率、呼吸频率、急救期间不良反应发生率均低于传统护理组，症状控制有效率、患儿家属护理总满意度高于传统护理组，差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：基于互联网的急诊链式流程护理可优化高热惊厥患儿急诊急救流程，缩短分诊、抢救及院内转运时长，快速缓解惊厥与高热症状，提升急救、转运效率及症状控制效果，减少急救不良事件，提高家属护理满意度，全面改善患儿急救质量。

目的 探讨清咳平喘颗粒联合乙酰半胱氨酸对痰热闭肺型大叶性肺炎（LP）患儿的治疗效果。方法 回顾性选取我院收治的118例痰热闭肺型LP患儿（选例时间：2023年1月~2025年11月）为研究对象，根据治疗方案分为参照组（59例，采用乙酰半胱氨酸治疗）、联合组（59例，采用清咳平喘颗粒联合乙酰半胱氨酸治疗）。对比两组临床疗效、不良反应及治疗前、后肺功能［潮气量（VT）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、吸呼比（Ti/Te）、达峰容积比（VPEF/VE）］、中医证候、免疫功能、炎症因子［白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、趋化因子配体3（CCL3）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）］水平。结果 联合组总有效率为96.61%，高于参照组的83.05%（P＜0.05）；与参照组相比，治疗后联合组各中医证候积分均较低（P＜0.05）；联合组治疗后VT、TPTEF/TE、Ti/Te、VPEF/VE水平均较参照组高（P＜0.05）；联合组治疗后CD8+水平较参照组低，CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平较参照组高（P＜0.05）；治疗后联合组血清IL-8、CCL3、TNF-α、HMGB1水平均较参照组低（P＜0.05）；不良反应发生情况组间比较，无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论 清咳平喘颗粒联合乙酰半胱氨酸可提高痰热闭肺型LP患儿治疗效果，减轻临床症状，改善肺功能、免疫功能，降低机体炎症反应程度。

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy of Qingke Pingchuan granules combined with acetylcysteine on children with lobar pneumonia (LP) of phlegm-heat obstructing lung type. Methods A total of 118 children with LP of phlegm-heat obstructing lung type admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to November 2025 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. According to different treatment regimens, they were divided into the control group (59 cases, treated with acetylcysteine) and the combined group (59 cases, treated with Qingke Pingchuan granules combined with acetylcysteine). The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, as well as the levels of pulmonary function indicators [tidal volume (VT), time to peak tidal expiratory flow ratio (TPTEF/TE), inspiration-expiration ratio (Ti/Te), volume to peak tidal expiratory flow ratio (VPEF/VE)], traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, immune function and inflammatory factors [interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)] before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the combined group was 96.61%, which was higher than 83.05% of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the combined group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of VT, TPTEF/TE, Ti/Te and VPEF/VE in the combined group were higher than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of CD8? in the combined group was lower, while the levels of CD3?, CD4? and CD4?/CD8? were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-8, CCL3, TNF-α and HMGB1 in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of Qingke Pingchuan granules and acetylcysteine can enhance the therapeutic efficacy on children with LP of phlegm-heat obstructing lung type, relieve clinical symptoms, improve pulmonary function and immune function, and reduce systemic inflammatory response.

目的 分析2024年2月至2026年2月郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）患儿的病原体分布情况及其流行病学特征。方法 选取2024年2月—2026年2月于郑州人民医院就诊的193例ALRTI患儿为研究对象，采集患儿咽拭子样本，统计患儿病原体检测结果，比较不同性别、不同年龄段、不同发病季节患儿病原体分布情况。结果 193例患儿中，经病原体检测出阳性患儿165例，总阳性检出率85.49%，检出率最高的前三位为RSV（20.73%）、MP（19.69%）、HRV（15.54%）；婴儿期患儿RSV感染占比（44.83%）最高，其次为HRV感染（20.69%），幼儿期患儿RSV、HRV、MP感染占比（17.31%、17.31%、19.23%）均较高，学龄前、学龄期患儿MP感染占比（33.33%、26.32%）最高，婴儿期患儿混合感染占比（6.90%）较低，学龄前患儿混合感染占比（20.00%）较高；春季时，各病原体分布较均衡，HRV、MP、SP感染占比（14.58%、12.50%、14.58%）均较高，夏季、秋季时，MP感染率（31.82%、28.85%）较高，冬季时，RSV感染率（55.10%）较高，四个季节中混合感染患儿占比较接近，其中秋季感染率（17.31%）相对较高。结论 2024年至2026年郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿病原体中，RSV、MP为主要病原体，各呼吸道病原体随患儿年龄段、季节变化存在不同发病高峰，临床应结合实际情况早期鉴别病原体，以指导临床制定针对性治疗方案，改善患儿预后。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from February 2024 to February 2026. Methods: A total of 193 pediatric patients with ALRTI who visited Zhengzhou People’s Hospital between February 2024 and February 2026 were selected as study subjects. Throat swab samples were collected from the patients, and pathogen testing results were compiled to compare the distribution of pathogens across different genders, age groups, and seasons of onset. Results: Among the 193 children, 165 tested positive for pathogens, resulting in an overall positive detection rate of 85.49%. The top three most frequently detected pathogens were RSV (20.73%), MP (19.69%), and HRV (15.54%); RSV infection had the highest prevalence (44.83%) among infants, followed by HRV infection (20.69%). Among preschoolers, the prevalence of RSV, HRV, and MP infections (17.31%, 17.31%, and 19.23%, respectively) was relatively high. MP infections were most common among preschool and school-age children (33.33% and 26.32%, respectively); the proportion of mixed infections was lower among infants (6.90%) but higher among preschoolers (20.00%); In spring, the distribution of pathogens was relatively balanced, with high proportions of HRV, MP, and SP infections (14.58%, 12.50%, and 14.58%, respectively). In summer and fall, the MP infection rate was high (31.82% and 28.85%, respectively). In winter, the RSV infection rate (55.10%) was high. The proportion of children with mixed infections was relatively similar across the four seasons, with a relatively higher infection rate (17.31%) in autumn. Conclusion: Among the pathogens identified in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from 2024 to 2026, RSV and MP were the primary pathogens. The incidence peaks of various respiratory pathogens varied according to the children’s age groups and seasons. Clinicians should conduct early pathogen identification based on actual conditions to guide the development of targeted treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.

目的 探讨动态社交行为技巧练习联合生物反馈对学龄注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿临床症状和社会功能的影响。方法 回顾性选取我院2021年1月~2024年3月收治的81例学龄ADHD患儿作为研究对象，按照治疗方法不同分为对照组（40例）、观察组（41例），对照组接受生物反馈治疗，观察组接受动态社交行为技巧练习联合生物反馈治疗。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状、社会功能、脑电波频率[β波、θ波、感觉运动节律（SMR）波]。结果 观察组总有效率90.24%较对照组的72.50%高（P＜0.05）；治疗后观察组对抗性行为、多动-冲动、注意力不集中评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗后观察组家庭、学习与学校、生活技能、自我管理、社交活动及风险活动评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗后观察组β波、SMR波均高于对照组，θ波低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 动态社交行为技巧练习联合生物反馈对学龄ADHD患儿临床疗效确切，可进一步改善患儿临床症状、社会功能。

Objective To explore the effect of dynamic social behavior skills training combined with biofeedback on clinical symptoms and social function in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A total of 81 school-age children with ADHD admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to March 2024 were retrospectively selected as the research objects. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group (40 cases) and observation group (41 cases). The control group received biofeedback therapy, and the observation group received dynamic social behavior skills training combined with biofeedback therapy. The clinical efficacy, clinical symptoms, social function, brain wave frequency [β wave, θ wave, sensorimotor rhythm ( SMR ) wave] were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 90.24% higher than that of the control group (72.50%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of antagonistic behavior, hyperactivity-impulsion and inattention in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of family, learning and school, life skills, self-management, social activities and risk activities in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the β wave and SMR wave in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the θ wave was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Dynamic social behavior skill training combined with biofeedback has definite clinical efficacy in school-age children with ADHD, which can further improve their clinical symptoms and social functioning.

目的 评估中医穴位疗法结合康复护理对脑瘫患儿的积极价值。方法 选取某社会福利院康复医院2024年12月至2025年12月间儿科收治的40例脑瘫患儿，通过随机数字表分为两组，对照组（20例）接受常规康复护理，观察组（20例）则联合应用中医穴位疗法，对比两种方案的康复效果。结果 观察组患儿的临床痉挛指数（包括肢体腱反射、肌张力及阵挛等维度）评分低于对照组，差异具统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组血清CD4+和CD4+/CD8+免疫功能指标均高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组在躯干控制测量量表（TCMS）、儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）评估中的分数改善较对照组更优（P<0.05）。结论 将中医穴位疗法融入康复护理，对脑瘫患儿实施综合干预，有助于优化其睡眠质量，减轻肌张力异常，提升免疫力和平衡功能，为其康复提供有效支持。

目的 评估中医穴位疗法结合康复护理对脑瘫患儿的积极价值。方法 选取某社会福利院康复医院2024年12月至2025年12月间儿科收治的40例脑瘫患儿，通过随机数字表分为两组，对照组（20例）接受常规康复护理，观察组（20例）则联合应用中医穴位疗法，对比两种方案的康复效果。结果 观察组患儿的临床痉挛指数（包括肢体腱反射、肌张力及阵挛等维度）评分低于对照组，差异具统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组血清CD4+和CD4+/CD8+免疫功能指标均高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组在躯干控制测量量表（TCMS）、儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）评估中的分数改善较对照组更优（P<0.05）。结论 将中医穴位疗法融入康复护理，对脑瘫患儿实施综合干预，有助于优化其睡眠质量，减轻肌张力异常，提升免疫力和平衡功能，为其康复提供有效支持。

目的 分析基于快速康复外科（ERAS）理念的医护一体化全程护理在先天性巨结肠手术患儿中的护理效果。方法 回顾性选取我院97例HSCR手术患儿（2018年5月—2025年7月）作为研究对象，依照护理模式不同分为对照组（49例）、观察组（48例）。对照组采用常规护理干预，观察组在上述基础上采用基于ERAS理念的医护一体化全程护理。比较2组术后恢复情况、并发症发生率、疼痛程度[FLACC疼痛评分法（FLACC）]、家属照护能力[家属照顾者照顾能力测量表（FCTI）]、家属满意度。结果 干预后，观察组胃管拔除时间、尿管拔除时间、肛管拔除时间、经口进食时间、术后首次排便时间、术后排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间与住院时长均显著短于对照组，FCTI得分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；干预后，观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组，家属护理满意度高于对照组（P＜0.05）；术后3d、7d，观察组FLACC得分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 基于ERAS理念的医护一体化全程护理可缓解HSCR手术患儿疼痛程度，提高家属照护能力，降低并发症发生率，促进术后恢复，提升家属满意度。

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of novel light-cured TheraCal LC pulp capping agent in children receiving deciduous teeth pulpotomy. Methods A retrospective study was performed on clinical data of 90 children who underwent deciduous teeth pulpotomy from August 2023 to May 2025. Subjects were divided according to different capping materials: 45 cases using TheraCal LC as study group, another 45 cases treated with iRoot BP Plus as control group. The treatment success rate, pain score, masticatory efficiency, gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3)], root resorption, dentin bridge formation and adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference was found in treatment success rate at 12 months after operation between groups (P>0.05). At postoperative 3 months, the study group had lower pain score and higher masticatory efficiency than the control group (P<0.05), whereas no intergroup differences were observed at 6 and 12 months (P>0.05). The levels of gingival crevicular fluid IL-6 and MMP-3 in study group were significantly lower at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in root resorption degree and dentin bridge formation rate at postoperative 12 months (P>0.05). No pulp inflammation, tooth discoloration or secondary caries occurred in either group. Conclusion The novel light-cured TheraCal LC shows favorable overall efficacy and safety in deciduous teeth pulpotomy; it can effectively suppress early gingival inflammation, relieve early postoperative pain and improve early masticatory function.

目的：探讨小儿腹部术后患儿父母压力感知、心理弹性与创伤后成长的关系，并检验心理弹性在压力感知与创伤后成长间的中介效应。方法：采用回顾性研究设计，选取2024年3月至2025年12月在河南省儿童医院小儿外科行腹部手术的286名患儿父母。采用一般资料调查表、压力感知量表（PSS-10）、心理弹性量表（CD-RISC）和创伤后成长量表（PTGI）进行问卷调查。运用Pearson相关分析变量间相关性，采用Hayes PROCESS宏程序模型4检验中介效应，Bootstrap法抽样5 000次计算间接效应95%置信区间。结果：患儿父母压力感知得分为（22.84±5.61）分，心理弹性得分为（63.57±12.42）分，创伤后成长得分为（58.92±15.33）分。母亲压力感知得分高于父亲，心理弹性得分低于父亲（均P<0.001）。压力感知与心理弹性呈显著负相关（r=-0.46，P<0.01），与创伤后成长呈显著负相关（r=-0.39，P<0.01）；心理弹性与创伤后成长呈显著正相关（r=0.51，P<0.01）。控制术后时间与疾病类型后，心理弹性在压力感知与创伤后成长间起部分中介作用，间接效应值为-0.58（95%CI：-0.74～-0.43），占总效应的54.7%。结论：小儿腹部术后患儿父母的压力感知可直接影响创伤后成长，亦可通过心理弹性的中介作用间接影响创伤后成长。临床护理中应重视评估父母心理弹性水平，通过心理干预增强其应对资源，从而促进创伤后成长。