目的 探讨胆固醇胆囊息肉形成的高危因素。方法 将广州市第一人民医院住院的219例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除的患者按照术后胆囊病理结果分为胆固醇息肉组（162例）和非胆固醇息肉组（57例）。对所有研究对象的年龄、性别、血脂水平、肝功、超敏C反应蛋白、CA199、癌胚抗原（CEA）、胆囊结石病史、糖尿病病史、肝硬化病史进行数据收集及统计学处理。结果 经非参数检验方法Mann-Whitney U分析结果显示：1. 脂代谢相关指标在胆固醇息肉组和非胆固醇息肉组间比较差异有统计学意义;2. 总胆固醇指标在胆固醇息肉组高于非胆固醇息肉组,且高于参考值范围;3. 胆固醇息肉组和非胆固醇息肉组比较部分脂代谢指标有统计学意义,但均在参考值范围内。胆固醇息肉形成的Logistic回归分析：得到的Logistic模型差异有统计学意义,χ²=179.14,P<0.001。模型纳入的8个自变量中,总胆固醇每增加一个单位,发生胆固醇息肉的风险相比于非胆固醇息肉组将增加38.2倍（P<0.05）。结论 总胆固醇是胆囊胆固醇息肉形成的高危因素。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of cholesterol polyps formation．Methods The 219 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Guangzhou First People's Hospital were divided into cholesterol polyps group（162 cases）and non-cholesterol polyp group（57 cases）according to postoperative gallbladder pathological results．The age,gender,blood lipids levels,liver function,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,CA199,carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA）,history of gallstones,diabetes,and liver cirrhosis of all patients were collected and statistically processed．Results Mann-Whitney U analysis by nonparametric test method showed that the lipid metabolism-related indexes were significantly different between the cholesterol polyps group and the non-cholesterol polyp group．The total cholesterol indexes in the cholesterol polyps group were higher than those in the non-cholesterol polyp group,and higher than the reference range．The cholesterol polyps group and the non-cholesterol polyp group had statistical significance in some lipid metabolism indexes,but they were all in the normal range．Logistic regression analysis of cholesterol polyps formation showed the obtained Logistic model was statistically significant,χ²=179.14,P<0.001．Among the 8 independent variables included in the model,total cholesterol was statistically significant．For each unit increased in total cholesterol,the risk of developing cholesterol polyps increased by 38.2 times compared with the non-cholesterol polyp group．Conclusions Total cholesterol is a high risk factor for the formation of cholesterol gallbladder polyps．

目的 探讨K点刺激联合吞咽-摄食管理下颅脑外伤术后吞咽障碍患者康复的影响因素。方法 采用回顾性分析法,收集K点刺激联合吞咽-摄食管理下的516例颅脑外伤术后吞咽障碍患者临床资料,根据吞咽障碍疗效分为有效组和无效组,采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 516例患者中,有效者479例,占92.93%;无效者37例,占7.17%。2组在性别、年龄、文化程度、有无慢性病、有无留置鼻饲管、鼻饲管留置天数方面比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在吞咽障碍分级、有无并发症、管理依从性和知识掌握程度比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,吞咽障碍分级、有无并发症、管理依从性和知识掌握程度是影响康复效果的独立危险因素（OR分别为6.455、0.011、1.074、0.084,P<0.001）。结论 吞咽障碍分级、有无并发症、管理依从性和知识掌握程度是K点刺激联合吞咽-摄食管理下颅脑外伤术后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能康复的影响因素,神经外科医护人员应根据上述因素制定干预措施,以进一步提高干预效果,改善患者生活质量。

目的 明确上海市闵行区社区老人轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）发生现状,分析MCI发生的影响因素间的交互作用关系。方法 采用横断面研究方法,应用AD-8与CSI-D对该区2021年65岁以上老人MCI发生现状进行双量表评估。应用SPSS 26.0 软件,先后采用χ²检验分析受检老人吸烟、饮酒、慢性病等因素在不同检出情况的构成、二分类非条件Logistic回归分析MCI发生的影响因素,再将各因素依次纳入双因素交互作用分析模型,分析各变量对MCI发生的交互作用。结果 应用AD8与CSI-D双量表评估法具有较高的灵敏度,评估闵行区社区老人MCI阳性率为26.6%,高于其他研究,低年龄（OR=1.09,95%CI：1.04~1.14）、良好的健康心态（OR=1.67,95%CI：1.15~2.42）是减少老人MCI的保护因素,职业类型（OR=1.19,95%CI：1.04~1.38）、照料者类型（OR=1.56,95%CI：1.09~2.22）与老人MCI的发生存在相关关系。家庭月总收入与照料者类型之间、是否饮酒与照料者类型之间对老人MCI的发生存在交互作用（P均<0.05）。结论 保持良好的心态可以降低老人MCI发生风险,不同职业类型、照料者类型与老人MCI的发生具有相关关系,照料者选择保姆可能会增加老人MCI风险。

Objective To clarify the current situation of mild cognitive impairment（MCI）in the community elderly in Minhang District,Shanghai,and analyze the interaction relationship between the influencing factors of MCI．Methods A cross-sectional study method was used,and AD8 and CSI-D were used to evaluate the current situation of MCI in the elderly over 65 years old in this district in 2021．SPSS 26.0 software,chi-square test and binary unconditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the composition of smoking,drinking,chronic diseases and other factors in different detected conditions and the influencing factors of MCI occurrence in the elderly．A factor interaction analysis model was used to analyze the interaction of each variable on the occurrence of MCI．Results The AD8 and CSI-D double-scale evaluation method had high sensitivity．The positive rate of MCI in the community elderly in Minhang District was 26.6%,which was higher than other studies．Younger age（OR=1.09,95%CI：1.04~1.14）,good health mentality（OR=1.67,95%CI：1.15~2.42）were protective factors for reducing MCI in the elderly,occupation type（OR=1.19,95%CI：1.04~1.38）,caregiver type（OR=1.56,95%CI：1.09~2.22）were correlated with the occurrence of MCI in the elderly．There were interaction effects between the total monthly household income and the type of caregivers,whether drinking or not and the type of caregivers on the occurrence of MCI in the elderly（all P<0.05）．Conclusions Maintaining a good attitude can reduce the risk of MCI in the elderly．Different occupational types and types of caregivers are related to the occurrence of MCI in the elderly．Caregivers choosing nanny may increase the risk of MCI in the elderly．

目的 以单中心法研究心房颤动患者住院病死率的影响因素。方法 纳入2019年3月—2022年3月于我院住院治疗的338例心房颤动患者作为研究对象,统计住院病死率,并以单因素Logistic回归分析法,分析对患者病死率产生影响的风险因素。结果 统计结果显示,在338例患者中,住院死亡人数为13例,死亡率3.85%;经单因素分析发现,患者的年龄高龄、有慢性肾病病史以及机体贫血均是导致患者住院病死的主要影响因素;脂代谢异常、左房内径稍大、左室射血分数较高则是降低患者住院病死率的重要影响因素。结论 贫血、慢性肾病以及高龄均会提升房颤患者住院期间的病死率,而心功能较强的患者住院死亡率则明显降低,临床治疗期间需高度关注上述因素。

目的 了解门诊老年患者补充与替代医学（CAM）使用现状及影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年11月—2021年2月广东省某三甲医院老年科门诊就诊的老年患者作为研究对象,调查方法采用一般资料调查表和CAM使用情况调查表进行横断面调查。应用二元Logistics回归分析探讨门诊老年患者使用CAM的影响因素。结果 参与调查的123例老年患者中,有75例（61.0%）老年患者使用CAM,使用CAM的项目主要为中草药、药膳等中国传统医学项目。支付方式是门诊老年患者是否使用CAM的影响因素,使用医保支付的患者较公费、自费患者更愿意使用CAM（OR=5.054,95%CI：1.452~17.590,P<0.05）。结论 CAM在门诊应用广泛,我们应充分发挥我国传统医学优势,为老年人疾病防治提供更多的思路。政府层面也可进一步提高医保覆盖范围,让更多的患者有经济能力可以接受安全、有效的治疗。

Objective To investigate the current status of complementary and alternative medicine（CAM）use and the influencing factors of elderly patients in outpatient clinic．Methods Using the convenience sampling method,the elderly patients treated in the geriatric outpatient department of a Class A tertiary Hospital in Guangdong from November 2020 to February 2021 were selected．General data and the CAM usage questionnaire were collected．Binary logistics regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing CAM use in elderly patients．Results Seventy-five（61.0%）of 123 elderly patients used CAM．Chinese herbal medicine and medicinal diet were the most common CAM．Payment method was a factor affecting whether elderly outpatient patients use CAM．Insured patients were more willing to use CAM than self-funded patients（OR=5.054,95%CI：1.452-17.590,P<0.05）．Conclusions CAM is widely used in outpatient clinics．We should make full use of our country’s traditional medicine,to provide different thoughts of diseases prevention and treatment in elderly patients．The government can also further enlarge the coverage of health insurance,so that more patients can afford safe and effective treatment．

目的 对老年心血管疾病患者膳食行为改善情况进行综合调查,并分析其相关影响因素。方法 通过随机抽样的方法,抽取2021年10月—2022年10月桥南街社区卫生服务中心≥65岁心血管疾病患者570例为本次研究样本,通过调查问卷的方式,收集其一般资料、对健康膳食知识与态度及膳食行为改善情况进行全面调查,根据膳食行为改善情况分为改善良好组及改善差组,并分析其膳食行为改善的相关影响因素。结果 570例患者,膳食行为改善良好480例（84.21%）,膳食行为改善差90例（15.79%）。其中近一年中日常增加果蔬摄入489例（85.79%）,增加奶类摄入355例（62.28%）,增加豆类摄入312例（54.74%）,减少食用盐摄入452例（79.30%）,减少油脂摄入415例（72.81%）,减少糖类摄入378例（66.32%）;2组患者在文化程度、居住方式、人均月收入、合并疾病种类、健康膳食知识知晓、健康膳食态度、社会环境支持等方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic线性回归分析显示,文化程度、居住方式、合并疾病种类、健康膳食知识知晓、健康膳食态度、社会环境支持等为影响老年心血管疾病患者膳食行为改善的主要因素（P<0.05）。结论 该地区老年心血管疾病患者的膳食行为改善较好,但还有一定进步空间,目前存在知行不一致的情况,因此当地相关部门要加强宣教力度,促使其养成健康的膳食态度,共建健康的社会环境,使其膳食行为得以更好改善。

目的 探讨癫痫患者疾病进展恐惧水平的影响因素。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年8月本院收治的82例癫痫患者,评估所有患者的疾病进展恐惧水平,设计基线资料调查表,详细统计所有患者的基线资料,比较不同资料特征癫痫患者的恐惧疾病进展简化量表（FoP-Q-SF）评分,重点分析癫痫患者疾病进展恐惧水平的影响因素。结果 经评估,82例癫痫患者的FoP-Q-SF评分为（34.73±5.16）分;不同年龄、社会支持、希望水平、发作频率及受教育程度癫痫患者的FoP-Q-SF评分比较差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,其他不同资料特征癫痫患者的FoP-Q-SF评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;多元线性回归分析结果显示,低龄、发作频率高、低希望水平、社会支持低下及受教育程度低均为癫痫患者疾病进展恐惧水平的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 癫痫患者疾病进展恐惧呈中高水平,低龄、发作频率高、低希望水平、社会支持低下及受教育程度低均为癫痫患者疾病进展恐惧水平的影响因素。

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折（GHF）患者围术期隐性失血的影响因素及护理措施。方法 回顾性分析2020年3月—2023年3月我院收治的86例老年GHF患者,所有患者均采取手术治疗,计算所有患者围术期失血量,并收集所有患者的一般资料及围术期相关治疗情况,分析不同一般资料患者围术期隐性失血情况,不同手术方式及麻醉方式围术期隐性失血情况,不同术后处理方式围术期隐性失血情况,随后采取Logistic回归分析老年GHF患者围术期隐性失血的影响因素,最后针对结果制定老年GHF隐性失血的护理措施。结果 不同性别和是否合并冠状动脉粥样硬化、高血压患者围术期隐性失血量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,不同年龄、合并糖尿病、骨折类型患者围术期隐性失血量比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同手术方式、麻醉方式患者围术期隐性失血量比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同术后引流、使用肝素情况患者围术期隐性失血量比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果表明：年龄、合并糖尿病、手术方式、麻醉方式、术后引流、使用肝素都是造成GHF老年患者围术期隐性失血的影响因素（P<0.05）。患者经相关护理后,恢复较佳。结论 老年GHF患者围术期会存在大量隐性失血情况,同时年龄、合并糖尿病、手术方式、麻醉方式、术后引流、使用肝素与围术期隐性失血量密切相关,临床上可采取针对性措施减少GHF患者隐性失血。

Objective To explore the influencing factors and nursing measures of perioperative hidden blood loss in elderly patients with geriatric hip fractures（GHF）．Methods From March 2020 to March 2023,86 elderly patients with GHF admitted to our hospital were selected as the study objects for retrospective analysis．All patients were treated with surgery．The perioperative blood loss of all patients was calculated,general information and perioperative treatment status of all patients were collected,the hidden blood loss of patients with different general information,different surgical and anesthesia methods and different postoperative treatment methods were analyzed．Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hidden blood loss of elderly GHF patients during the perioperative period．Nursing measures for hidden blood loss in elderly hip fractures were developed based on the results．Results There was no statistical difference in the amount of perioperative hidden blood loss among patients with different gender,complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension or not（P>0.05）,but there was statistical difference in the amount of perioperative hidden blood loss among patients with different ages,complicated with diabetes and fracture types（P<0.05）．There was statistically significant difference in the amount of hidden blood loss during the perioperative period among patients with different surgical and anesthesia methods（P<0.05）．There was statistically significant difference in the amount of hidden blood loss during the perioperative period among patients with different postoperative drainage and use of heparin（P<0.05）．The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that age,complicated with diabetes,operation methods,anesthesia methods,postoperative drainage and heparin use were independent risk factors for perioperative hidden blood loss in elderly patients with GHF（P<0.05）．Conclusions There will be a lot of hidden blood loss in the perioperative period of elderly patients with GHF．At the same time,age,complicated with diabetes,operation methods,anesthesia methods,postoperative drainage and heparin use are closely related to the amount of hidden blood loss in the perioperative period．Targeted measures can be taken clinically to reduce the hidden blood loss in patients with GHF．

目的 了解广州市社区居民对中医“治未病”的认知现状,分析其影响因素,并为中医“治未病”的进一步发展提出可行建议。方法 采用多阶段整群抽样法,对广州市不同区域的652名居民进行问卷调查,通过描述性分析和χ²检验分别对基本认知情况与影响因素进行阐述。结果 广州市居民对“治未病”服务了解情况不太理想（67.80%）,接受“治未病”服务的意愿情况较好（77.91%）,对于中医“治未病”服务的认知还比较片面,主要通过手机、网络、社区等方式了解相关内容。影响居民接受意愿的因素主要是年龄、学历、户口、职业类型等。结论 目前广州市社区中医“治未病”服务具有一定群众基础和发展潜力,但是还存在居民认知不足、宣传力度不够、服务能力不足等问题,应当着重从这些方面进行改进。

Objective To understand the current cognitive status of community residents in Guangzhou regarding traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）pre-treatment,analyze its influencing factors,and provide feasible suggestions for the further development of TCM pre-treatment．Methods By multi-stage cluster sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 652 residents in different regions of Guangzhou．Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to elucidate the basic cognitive situation and influencing factors．Results The understanding of TCM pre-treatment services among residents in Guangzhou was not ideal（67.8%）,and their willingness to receive TCM pre-treatment services was good（77.91%）．Their understanding of TCM pre-treatment services was quite one-sided,mainly through mobile phones,internet,communities and other means．The main factors affecting residents' willingness to accept this service were age,education level,household registration and occupation．Conclusions At present,the TCM pre-treatment service in the community of Guangzhou has a certain mass basis and development potential．However,there are still problems such as insufficient residents' awareness,insufficient publicity,and insufficient service capabilities,which should be improved in the future．

目的 通过关注追踪中老年人口腔健康问题对生活质量的影响,系统梳理中老年人口腔健康的相关影响因素及其关系,为此类人群的口腔健康及其相关生活质量的活动开展提供调研依据。方法 随机抽取2022年10月—2023年5月之间的266名中老年人参与调查,按照“病因链”收集该类人群的社会学特征、日常口腔保健行为、身体健康状况,分析评价中老年人口腔健康相关生活质量。结果 266名中老年人口腔健康常识和行为得分平均为（30.69±8.98）分,口腔健康评估平均为（8.59±3.68）分,口腔健康相关生活质量GOHAI总分为（25.65±8.10）分。单因素分析显示,人口学特征与一般身体健康状况、口腔健康常识和行为以及口腔健康情况与中老年人的口腔健康相关生活质量的GOHAI得分密切相关（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,女性、年龄>45岁、患慢性病、日常生活习惯是影响中老年口腔健康和生活质量的独立危险因素（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 口腔健康作为全身健康的基础,其影响因素多种多样,通过控制干预主要影响因素来提高社区口腔健康和相关生活质量,以改善社区居民生活幸福值。

Objective By focusing on and tracking the impact of oral health problems of middle-aged and elderly people on the quality of life,the relevant influencing factors and relationships of oral health were systematically sorted out to provide a research basis for the development of oral health and related quality of life of such people．Methods A total of 266 middle-aged and elderly people were randomly selected from October 2022 to May 2023 to participate in the survey,and the sociological characteristics,daily oral health care behaviors and physical health status of this population were collected according to the “etiological chain”,so as to analyze and evaluate the quality of life related to the oral health of middle-aged and elderly people．Results The 266 middle-aged and elderly people had a mean score of（30.69±8.98）for general knowledge and behavioral scores of oral health,a mean score of（8.59±3.68）for oral health assessment,a total score of（25.65±8.10）for oral health-related quality of life GOHAI．The univariate analysis showed that demographic characteristics,general body health state,oral health cognition and behavior and oral health state were closely associated with the GOHAI score related to the oral health associated quality of life in the middle-aged and elderly people（P<0.05）．The multivariate analysis indicated that female,age >45 years old,presence of chronic diseases and daily living habits were indepdent risk factors of the oral health and quality of life of the middle-aged and elderly（P<0.05）．Conclusions Oral health,as the basis of systemic health,has various influencing factors,by controlling the main influencing factors can improve the community oral health and related quality of life,and improve the happiness of community residents．