目的 探讨职业性噪声暴露对广州市黄埔区某企业噪声作业工人听力损失状况的影响。方法 观察2016年8月—2018年8月,广州市黄埔区某企业噪声作业工人年度职业健康体检1 600例为调查对象,对该群体的纯音听阈测试检查结果进行分析。结果 随工龄不同听力损失发生率相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),还会随着工龄的增长而增加听力损失几率;佩戴听力防护用品工人听力损失发生率低于不佩戴听力防护用品的工人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 噪声作业工人工龄时间越长听力损失发生率越高,防护听力用品的使用可有效降低听力损伤发生率,故在噪声作业时,企业应做好听力损伤防护措施,保障工人身心健康。

目的 通过听力筛查,了解新生儿听力障碍的发病状况,探讨新生儿听力损失的危险因素。方法 采用耳声发射仪(OAE)和听觉脑干诱发电位仪(ABR)进行听力筛查,收集听力损失患儿,采用1:2配对的χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选新生儿听力损失的危险因素。结果 20661例新生儿进行了听力损失初筛,初筛通过率88.99%(18386/20661);2231例进行了复筛,复筛通过率96.51%(2153/2231);对78例复筛未通过者进行ABR检查,确诊听力损失59例,听力损失发病率为2.86‰。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,新生儿头颅五官先天畸形(OR=3.435,95%CI:1.473~8009,P=0.004)和听力损失家族史(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.107~8.083,P=0.009)是新生儿轻中度听力损失的危险因素;新生儿头颅五官先天畸形(OR=2.213,95%CI:1.322~3.712,P=0.003)、NICU监护史(OR=1.524,95%CI:1.358~1.714,P=0.005)和听力损失家族史(OR=8.954,95%CI:1.783~45.128,P=0.008)是新生儿重度和极重度听力损失的高危因素。结论 母亲羊水异常、新生儿头颅五官先天畸形、NICU监护史和听力损失家族是新生儿听力损失的高危因素,应采取普遍筛查措施早期发现并给予相应干预,减少新生儿听力损失的发生率。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of hearing loss in newborns. Methods through screening, screening, diagnostic evaluation of 3 procedures to collect hearing loss in children, with 1:2 matching test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis in screening neonatal hearing loss risk factors. Results 20,661 cases of hearing loss in newborn screening, screening pass rate 88.99% (18386/20661); 2231 cases were re-screened for rescreening pass rate 96.51% (2153/2231); 78 patients who did not pass for rescreening ABR examination, diagnosed 59 cases of hearing loss, hearing loss incidence rate 2.86 ‰. Logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal facial congenital malformations (OR=3.435, 95%CI: 1.473~8009, P=0.004) and a family history of hearing loss (OR=2.681, 95%CI: 1.107~8.083, P=0.009) neonates with mild to moderate hearing loss is a risk factor; Neonatal facial congenital malformations (OR=2.213, 95%CI: 1.322~3.712, P=0.003), NICU care history (OR=1.524, 95%CI:1.358~1.714, P=0.005) and a family history of hearing loss (OR=8.954, 95%CI: 1.783~45.128, P=0.008) in neonates with severe and very severe hearing loss risk factors. Conclusion amniotic fluid anomalies neonatal cranial features mother, congenital malformation, NICU care history and hearing loss family is newborn hearing loss risk factors, should be taken to universal screening for early detection and appropriate intervention measures, reduce the incidence of neonatal hearing loss.