目的 探讨鼻—空肠营养管在小儿急性胰腺炎中的疗效观察及护理。方法 采用回顾性分析法,选取2013年2月—2015年5月期间我院收治的116例急性胰腺炎患儿的临床资料,按照营养支持方法的不同将患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组58例。对照组患儿肠功能恢复后给予经口进食,观察组给予鼻—空肠营养管进行营养支持;并给予患儿针对性的护理措施。比较分析两组患儿的治疗效果。结果 观察组患儿平均住院时间、平均花费、并发症发生率、手术率及死亡率等指标均低于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论 鼻—空肠营养管应用于小儿急性胰腺炎具有较好的效果,降低患儿并发症发生率、手术发生率,缩短住院时间,减少住院消费,促进患儿康复。
Objective To observe the clinical efficiency of nasal jejunal nutrition in children with acute pancreatitis and explore the effective nursing. Methods The clinical characteristics of 116 children with acute pancreatitis from February 2013 to May 2015 in our medical center were retrospectively analyzed. Based on nutritional support, the patients were divided into two groups: the control group consisted of 58 patients receiving oral feeding after the recovery of bowel function, and the experiment group consisted of 58 patients with nasal jejunal nutrition. And all the patients were treated with special care on case-by-case. The efficiency was then compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the length of hospital stay, cost of care, the incidence of complications, the surgical proportion and the mortality were significantly decreased in the experiment group (P<0.05). Conclusion In the children with acute pancreatitis, application of nasal jejunal nutrition is more effective, leading to decrease incidences of complications and surgical proportion, shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce patients' cost, and finally help rehabilitation.
目的 探讨ε-3多不饱和脂肪酸在胃肠道肿瘤患者化疗后的胃肠道毒性及生活质量的作用。方法 在研究前经过化疗筛选,按照WHO化疗副反应在2级或者以上的50名住院的胃癌或者直结肠癌患者,随机分为对照组(单纯化疗)(n=25)和研究组(化疗加ε-3多不饱和脂肪酸)(n=25),两组的化疗方案均为化疗筛选的方案。预防性每天静脉使用ε-3多不饱和脂肪酸 200 mg,连续5天,记录评估胃肠道并发症,如恶心、呕吐和腹泻,以及KPS评分、血清白蛋白、IL-2、IFN-γ和CRP。结果 与对照组比较,恶心、呕吐和腹泻评分、IL-2、IFN-γ和CRP低于于对照组,相反,生活质量评分研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 预防性使用ε-3多不饱和脂肪酸能够减轻胃肠道肿瘤患者化疗后的胃肠道毒性症状、降低全身炎症因子反应并改善生活质量。
Objective To explore the effect omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acid omega-3 FA on clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity and quality of life (QOL) induced by chemotherapy for patients with gastric or colorectal cancer. Methods After screening chemotherapy, Fifty patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, according to developing WHO side-effect grading system of grade 2 or higher were randomly divided into either control group (n=25) or omega-3 FAs group (n=25) during next cycle of chemotherapy. In the control group, the patients received the same chemotherapy regimens as screening cycle and in the omega-3 FA group, received chemotherapy and omega-3 FAs. Prophylactic intravenous 200 mL /d was given for 5 days. The gastrointestinal complications such as nausea,vomiting or diarrhoea and Karnofsky performance status(KPS ),IL-2,IFN-γandCRP,ect, were evaluated respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the scores of nausea vomiting and diarrhea and IL-2,IFN-γor CRP levels decreased , significantly,on the contrary, the score of QOL increased. There was significantly statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Prophylactic intravenous omega-3 FA can ameliorate clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) induced by chemotherapy and improve QOL for patients with gastric or colorectal cancer.
目的 探讨联合运用透明质酸钠及雌激素预防人工流产术后子宫内膜炎的临床疗效。方法 选择2015年1月—2015年6月在我院接受人工流产术者97例,随机分为观察组48例及对照组49例。对照组术后服用雌激素,观察组同时服用雌激素及透明质酸钠。于术后1周、3周时检测两组患者子宫内膜炎症状评分及宫颈分泌物炎症指标。结果 经过21天的干预之后,两组患者子宫内膜炎症状相比较,观察组患者下腹疼痛、白带增多及发热得分都低于观察组(P<0.05)。宫颈分泌物的CRP、IL-6、IL-9水平检测,术前两组患者之间差异不显著;治疗1周时,两组炎症因子水平均升高,但对照组变化更为明显;干预3周后,两组炎症因子水平较之1周时有所下降,但观察组基本降至正常水平,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 透明质酸钠联合雌激素预防人工流产术后子宫内膜炎效果明显,值得临床推广。
目的 对ChiTaS BSS1200血液核酸检测系统(简称“ChiTaS ”)主要分析性能进行验证,确定该系统是否稳定、准确、可靠。方法 参照美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)相关文件要求,对在ChiTaS上开展的HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA、HIV-RNA项目进行检出限、精密度、准确度及抗干扰等方面验证。结果 ChiTaS 分析系统HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA、HIV-RNA最低检出限分别为3.63(3.16~6.26)IU/mL、12.71(10.37~21.63)U/mL、25.49(21.43~37.48)IU/mL;HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA、HIV-RNA阳性样本总变异系数分别为2.56%、1.03%、3.36%;22个阴性样本和10个阳性样本进行8混样模式检测结果为反应性,拆分检测结果:阳性样本符合率100%、阴性样本符合率100%;溶血血浆(血红蛋白含量为5 g/L)、脂肪血浆(甘油三酯大于6.3 mmol/L)对低浓度HBV(6.3 IU/mL)、HCV(23.3 IU/mL)、HIV(47.6 IU/mL)样本检出无显著影响。结论 ChiTaS检出限、精密度、准确度等均达到生产商的检测性能的要求,实验室该系统的检测能力可以满足本血站对无偿献血者样本的常规核酸检测要求。
目的 对比观察罗哌卡因及布比卡因应用于患有妊娠期高血压的产妇行剖宫产时腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法 将103例择期行剖宫产手术的妊娠期高血压患者随机分为罗哌卡因组51例及布比卡因组52例分别采用对应药物进行麻醉,研究两组阻滞效果、心血管系统变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果 两组间麻醉镇痛效果及优良率比较,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。罗哌卡因组感觉及运动阻滞起效时间较布比卡因组长,运动阻滞恢复时间较布比卡因组短(P<0.05)。心血管系统变化情况比较,麻醉5min、10min时两组收缩压及平均动脉压均降低,但布比卡因组波动更大,两组间比较差异显著(P<0.05),心率及血氧饱和度比较无差异(P>0.05)。罗哌卡因组不良反应出现时间较布比卡因组晚,同时其不良反应发生率较布比卡因组低(χ2=4.1599,P<0.05)。结论 罗哌卡因及布比卡因在阻滞时间上略有差异,麻醉镇痛效果相当,但鉴于妊高症产妇本身心血管系统存在基础问题,运用罗哌卡因对心血管系统的影响较小,安全性更高,更值得推荐使用。
目的 了解河源市无偿献血者的人群结构特征及其与血液检测结果的关系,为完善该地区安全血源招募和献血者筛查策略提供依据。方法 收集2014年1月1日—2014年12月31日该市15184例首次无偿献血者登记表及检测结果,统计分析无偿献血者的年龄、性别、职业、文化程度等分布情况及其血液检测结果不合格率。结果 该地区无偿献血者以男性(78.91%)、年龄以35岁以下(63.44%)、在职职员(34.08%)、大学专科以上文化程度(39.59%)为主体;献血模式以个人自愿(53.58%)和团体自愿(38.41%)为主。该市无偿献血者血液检测结果总体不合格率为4.29%,其中不同性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、献血模式的无偿献血者组间不合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为 19.079、38.103、61.042、41.191、44.079,P值均<0.05);多因素Logistic 回归分析显示性别、年龄、职业、文化程度和献血模式为血液检测结果不合格率的主要影响因素。结论 应根据无偿献血者人群结构特点有效开展献血知识宣传教育,认真做好献血前筛查。
目的 探讨女性医务人员月经改变的影响因素及与心理状态的相关性。方法 对深圳市3家医院女性医护人员进行随机抽样得到869份问卷调查样本,均为知情自愿参与本项调查研究。统计女性医务人员出现女性月经改变的比率和月经改变的基本特征,并采用单因素和多因素分析的方法分析影响月经改变因素。并以抑郁症筛查量表(PHQ-9)评估女性医护人员的心理状态,分析女性医务人员月经改变与心理状态评分间相关性。结果 869名女性医护人员中有293例发生月经改变,改变率为33.72%,其中月经周期改变94例、经期时间改变86例、月经量改变68例、痛经改变45例。将869例女性医护人员分为月经正常组和月经改变组,经单因素分析,两组间的年龄、职业、值夜班频率、既往病史、新冠感染等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。月经改变组的护士占58.36%高于月经正常的24.48%,月经改变组的新冠一线抗疫人员占64.51%高于月经正常的27.08%,月经改变组合并妇科疾病史的占比20.82%(61例)高于月经正常组的占比11.98%(69例)。而月经改变组的护士、新冠一线抗疫人员、合并妇科疾病史、新冠感染的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,职业为护士、合并妇科疾病史、新冠一线抗疫人员的P值分别为0.001、0.004、<0.001,故而职业为护士、合并妇科疾病史、新冠一线抗疫人员是女性医务人员月经改变的危险因素。月经改变组PHQ-9评分为9.10±2.57,月经正常组PHQ-9评分为5.98±1.06,月经改变组PHQ-9评分高于月经正常组(P<0.001)。两组受试者PHQ-9评分比较差异具有统计学意义,月经改变组PHQ-9评分中0~4分受试者为26.3%,月经正常组为47.2%,月经改变组PHQ-9评分中0~4分者比例小于月经正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 女性医务人员中职业为护士、合并妇科疾病史、新冠一线抗疫人员是月经改变的主要危险因素,且月经改变与心理状态有密切的相关性,需引起医疗机构的关注。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of menstruation changes of female medical staff and the correlation with their psychological status.Methods The female medical staff in three hospitals of Shenzhen were randomly sampled to get 869 questionnaires,with informed and willing to participate in this research.The rate of female menstruation changes and the basic characteristics of menstruation changes in female medical staff were calculated,and the influencing factors of menstruation changes were analyzed by single factor and multi factor analysis.And the psychological status of female medical staff was using the Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9),and the correlation between menstrual changes and psychological status scores of female medical staff were analyzed.Results Among 869 female medical staff,293 had hemorrhagic menstrual disease,with a change rate of 33.72%.Among them,94 had changes in menstrual cycle,86 had changes in menstrual period days,68 had changes in menstrual volume,and 45 had changes in dysmenorrhea.These 869 female medical staff were divided into normal menstruation group and menstrual change group.Through single factor analysis,there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of age,careers,night shift frequency,previous medical history,COVID-19 infection (P>0.05).The percentage of nurses in the menstrual change group was 58.36%,higher than that of 24.48% in the normal menstruation group.The percentage of frontline medical staff combating COVID-19 in the menstrual change group was 64.51%,higher than that of 27.08% in the normal menstruation group.And the percentage of menstrual change group with a history of combined gynecological diseases was 20.82% (61 cases),higher than that of the normal menstruation group was 11.98% (69 cases).And the difference was statistically significant when comparing the ratio of nurses,the frontline medical staff combating COVID-19,the history of gynecological diseases,and COVID-19 infection in the menstrual change group (P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the occupation of nurses,frontline medical staffs combating COVID-19,and history of gynecological diseases were the risk factors for menstrual changes.The PHQ-9 score of the menstrual change group was higher than that of the normal menstrual group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions The main risk factors for menstrual changes are nurses,frontline anti-epidemic staff,and women with gynecological disease history.Menstrual changes are closely related to mental status,attention from healthcare organizations.