目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）合并呼吸衰竭机械通气患者发生撤机相关性肺水肿（WIPE）的影响因素，以指导临床早期制定个体化干预方案。方法 前瞻性选取2022年5月～2025年5月于本院接受机械通气治疗的AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者209例为研究对象，依据自主呼吸试验（SBT）开始后1 h内是否发生WIPE将其分为发生组73例、未发生组136例。统计两组临床资料，通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析确定WIPE发生的影响因素，基于回归分析构建预测模型，并验证模型的预测效能。结果 发生组年龄、入院时急性生理与慢性健康评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分、浅快呼吸指数、入院时肺部超声评分、糖尿病占比、机械通气治疗24 h后动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）≥80 mmHg占比、机械通气时间≥7 d占比、吸烟史占比、合并多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）占比、合并左心室舒张功能障碍占比高于未发生组，撤机前6 h血清高迁移率蛋白B1（HMGB1）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、乳酸（Lac）/白蛋白（Alb）高于未发生组（P＜0.05）；入院时APACHEⅡ评分、糖尿病、机械通气治疗24 h后PaCO2、机械通气时间、吸烟史、合并MODS、入院时肺部超声评分及HMGB1、Lac/Alb、CRP为WIPE发生的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）；预测模型预测WIPE发生风险的AUC值为0.880，敏感度、特异度分别为86.30%、72.79%，Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示该模型与观测值拟合度良好，DCA曲线显示风险阈值在0.05～0.91时该模型具有良好的临床净获益。结论 入院时APACHEⅡ评分、糖尿病、机械通气治疗24 h后PaCO2、机械通气时间、吸烟史、合并MODS、入院时肺部超声评分及HMGB1、Lac/Alb、CRP为AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭机械通气患者发生WIPE的独立危险因素，基于以上危险因素构建的预测模型预测效能良好，临床应制定针对性干预方案，以降低WIPE发生风险。

目的 观察经鼻高流量氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭对患者肺功能、血气分析指标的影响。方法 收集2020年3月—2022年3月我院收治的AECOPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者92例,随机分为常规通气组（46例,无创正压通气）、经鼻氧疗组（46例,经鼻高流量氧疗）,测量记录治疗前及治疗后2组患者心率及呼吸频率、血气分析指标、肺功能指标,评估患者舒适度及呼吸困难情况,记录治疗期间并发症。结果 治疗后经鼻氧疗组心率、呼吸频率低于常规通气组（P<0.05）;治疗后经鼻氧疗组二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）低于常规通气组,动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）高于常规通气组（P<0.05）;治疗后经鼻氧疗组第1秒用力呼出气容积（FEV₁）、用力呼气容积（FVC）高于常规通气组（P<0.05）;治疗后经鼻氧疗组Borg评分低于常规通气组,舒适率高于常规通气组（P<0.05）;经鼻氧疗组并发症发生率低于常规通气组（P<0.05）。结论 给予AECOPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者经鼻高流量氧疗可改善患者肺功能、血气分析指标,促进呼吸困难症状缓解,且可提高患者舒适度,降低并发症发生率。

Objective To observe the effect of nasal high-flow oxygen therapy on pulmonary function and blood gas analysis indexes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（AECOPD）with type Ⅱ respiratory failure．Methods From March 2020 to March 2022,92 patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅱ respiratory failure who were treated in our hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into conventional ventilation group（46 cases,non-invasive positive pressure ventilation）and nasal oxygen therapy group（46 cases,nasal high-flow oxygen therapy）．The heart rate and respiratory rate,blood gas analysis indexes,pulmonary function indexes of the two groups of patients before and after treatment were measured and recorded,the comfort level and dyspnea situation of the patients were evaluated,and the complications during the treatment were recorded．Results After treatment,the heart rate and respiratory rate in the nasal oxygen therapy group were significantly lower than those in the conventional ventilation group（P<0.05）．The partial pressure of carbon dioxide（PaCO₂）in the nasal oxygen therapy group was significantly lower than that in the conventional ventilation group,partial pressure of oxygen（PaO₂）was significantly higher than the conventional ventilation group（P<0.05）．The nasal oxygen therapy group forced expiratory volume in one second,（FEV₁）,forced vital capacity（FVC）were significantly higher than the conventional ventilation group（P<0.05）．The Borg score of nasal oxygen therapy group was significantly lower than the conventional ventilation group,the comfort level was significantly higher than the conventional ventilation group（P<0.05）．The incidence of complications in the nasal oxygen therapy group was significantly lower than that in the conventional ventilation group（P<0.05）．Conclusions Nasal high-flow oxygen therapy for AECOPD patients with type Ⅱ respiratory failure can significantly improve the pulmonary function and blood gas analysis indicators,promote the relief of dyspnea symptoms,improve the comfort level of patients,and reduce the incidence of complications．