近几十年来，全球近视患病率不断上升，已成为全世界主要的公共卫生问题之一。众多研究表明户外活动能有效控制近视的发生和发展。本文综述了户外活动对近视防控作用的研究进展及其作用机制，以期为近视防控提供新的思路。

     In recent decades, the prevalence of myopia has been increasing globally, becoming one of the major public health issues worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that outdoor activities can effectively control the onset and progression of myopia. This article reviews the research progress on prevention and control effect and mechanism of outdoor activities on myopia, hoping to provide new insights for myopia prevention and control. 

       目的  识别医院在医患沟通、服务态度、医疗服务和医疗质量方面存在的问题，研究提升医院医疗质量与安全的对策。方法   通过收集和整理2024年1-6月某三甲医院医患沟通科处理的医疗诉求数据，包括患者投诉、咨询、建议及求助调查结果，采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法，对134件医疗诉求数据进行详细分类和统计，深入分析投诉事由，并结合实际有责投诉量与诊疗总人数，计算投诉千人发生率。投诉千人发生率与2023年同期对照。结果   共处理医疗诉求134件，其中投诉116件（占86.56%）、求助11件（8.21%）、咨询5件（3.73%）、建议2件（1.5%）。投诉中，医患沟通不畅和服务态度问题占42%，医疗服务问题32%，医疗质量问题占26%。实际有责投诉量为63件，投诉千人发生率约为0.12‰。通过对诉求数据的深入分析，识别出医疗服务过程中的薄弱环节和改进点。结论   针对分析结果及同期对照，提出相应的对策建议，包括加强医患沟通培训，改善服务态度，优化医疗服务流程，并对投诉高发科室进行特别关注和改进等措施，以提高患者满意度和医院整体医疗质量。

Objective To identify issues in hospital communication, service attitude medical services, and medical  quality and to explore strategies for enhancing hospital medical quality and safety.  Methods  By collecting and organizing medical  appeal data processed by the Medical Communication Department of a tertiary hospital from January to June 2024, including patient  complaints, inquiries, suggestions, and requests for help. A combined qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted on 134  medical appeal cases. Detailed classification and statistics were performed on these cases, and an in-depth analysis of the  reasons  for complaints was carried out. Furthermore, the actual number of  responsible complaints was compared with the total number of  treated patients to calculate the complaint rate per thousand people. This complaint  rate was then compared with the same period  in 2023.  Results  A total of 134 medical appeals were processed including 116 complaints（accounting for 86. 56%）, 11  requests for help（8. 21%）, 5 inquiries（3. 73%）, and 2 suggestions（1. 5%）. Among the complaints, issues  related to poor  communication between doctors and patients and service attitude accounted for 42%, medical service issues accounted for 32%, and  medical quality issues accounted for 26%. The actual number of responsible complaints was 63, and the complaint rate per thousand  people was approximately 0. 12‰. Through in-depth analysis of the appeal data, weak links and improvement points in the medical  service process were identified.  Conclusions Based on the analysis results and comparisons with the same period, corresponding  countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, including strengthening communication training between doctors and patients,  improving service attitude, optimizing medical service processes, and paying special attention to and improving departments with high  complaint rates in order to improve patient satisfaction and overall hospital medical quality.