目的 通过构建结构方程模型,分析某三级甲等综合医院腹股沟疝患者住院费用的影响因素,旨在为合理控制腹股沟疝单病种费用提供依据。方法 收集4 328份高州市人民医院2016—2022年主要诊断疾病名称为腹股沟疝且行腹股沟疝手术的患者的病历资料,预分析单个影响因素,采用AMOS28.0拟合构建模型。结果 结构方程模型拟合达到标准。性别、年龄、费别、住院次数、入院途径、伴随病、单双侧疝对总费用所产生的总效应数值分别为0.008、-0.044、0.062、0.014、-0.119、0.106、0.236;性别、年龄、费别、住院次数、入院途径、伴随病、单双侧疝通过住院时间间接对住院费用产生影响。结论 对住院费用产生的影响因素有性别、年龄、费别、住院次数、入院途径、伴随病、单双侧疝、住院时间,建议推行患者预住院模式及日间手术,在正式住院前完成相关检查,优化医疗服务流程,从而合理有效控制单病种住院费用。

Objective By utilizing a structural equation model, to analyze determinants that affect the hospitalization costs for individuals with inguinal hernia at a tertiary-level comprehensive medical center, offering insights for the potential management of costs associated with this specific ailment. Methods This study entailed the compilation of 4 328 patient files from individuals who received surgical treatment for inguinal hernia at a third-level general hospital over the period spanning 2016 to 2022. Preliminary analysis was conducted on isolated variables, followed by the development of a model using AMOS 28. 0 for fit assessment. Results The fitting of structural equation model reached the standard. The total effect values of gender, age, cost, number of hospitalizations, admission route, concomitant disease, unilateral and bilateral hernia on the total cost were 0. 008, -0. 044, 0. 062, 0. 014, -0. 119, 0. 106, 0. 236, respectively. Gender, age, cost, number of hospitalizations, admission route, concomitant disease, unilateral and bilateral hernia indirectly affected hospitalization expenses through hospitalization days. Conclusions Gender, age, cost, number of hospitalizations, of admission, concomitant diseases, unilateral and bilateral hernia, and length of hospital stay have an impact on hospitalization costs. It is suggested to implement the pre-hospitalization mode and day surgery, complete relevant examinations before formal hospitalization, and optimize the medical service process, so as to reasonably and effectively control the hospitalization cost of single disease.

目的 探讨肝癌根治术后恶心呕吐现状及影响因素。方法 选取2022年5月—2024年5月天津市第二人民医院收治的70例肝癌患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行肝癌根治术,分析其术后恶心呕吐情况。并依照恶心呕吐发生情况进行分组,将30例术后发生恶心呕吐的患者分为观察组,其余40例患者为对照组。对比两组患者临床病理特征及围术期指标。并建立Logistic回归模型以术后恶心呕吐为因变量分析肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐的影响因素。结果 肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐发生率为42.86%（30/70）,其中Ⅰ度14例（20.00%）、Ⅱ度10例（14.29%）、Ⅲ度4例（5.71%）、Ⅳ度2例（2.86%）;观察组与对照组性别、体质量指数（BMI）、病理类型、临床分期、术前禁食时间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组与对照组年龄及是否化疗情况对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组与对照组手术时间、术后VAS评分、麻醉方式、术后合并其他并发症情况对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组与对照组肝门阻断时间、术中失血量及术后腹胀情况对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;年龄、是否化学治疗、术中失血量、术后腹胀情况为肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 肝癌患者手术切除术后恶心呕吐发生率较高,且年龄、是否化疗、术中失血量及术后腹胀情况可能为恶心呕吐发生的影响因素,针对此类患者高风险患者需及时采取相关措施进行干预,预防患者术后恶心呕吐情况及减轻严重程度。

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of nausea and vomiting after radical resection of liver cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 liver cancer patients admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Tianjin from May 2022 to May 2024. All patients underwent radical surgery for liver cancer,and their postoperative nausea and vomiting conditions were analyzed. According to the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, 30 patients who experienced nausea and vomiting after surgery were divided into an observation group, and the remaining 40 patients were divided into a control group. The clinical and pathological characteristics as well as perioperative indicators between two groups of patients were compared. A logistic regression model was established to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients after surgical resection,with postoperative nausea and vomiting as the dependent variable. Results The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients was 42. 86%（30/70）, including 14 cases of grade I, accounting for 20. 00%, 10 cases of grade II, accounting for 14. 29%, four cases of grade III,accounting for 5. 71%, and two cases of grade IV,accounting for 2. 86%. There were no significant differences in gender,body mass index（BMI）, pathological type,clinical stage,and preoperative fasting time between the observation group and the control group（P>0. 05）. However, there were significant differences in age and chemotherapy status between the observation group and the control group（P<0. 05）. There were no significant differences in the operation time,postoperative VAS score,anesthesia method and postoperative complications between the observation group and the control group（P>0. 05）, but with differences in the portal block time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative abdominal distension between the observation group and the control group（P<0. 05）. Age, chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative abdominal distension were independent influencing factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients undergoing surgical resection（P<0. 05）. Conclusions The incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgical resection in liver cancer patients is relatively high, with age, chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative abdominal distension may be influencing factors for nausea and vomiting. Therefore, relevant measures should be taken in a timely manner to intervene in high-risk patients to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting and reduce its severity.

目的 探讨肾移植术后患者膀胱痉挛发生现状及影响因素。方法 选取广州医科大学附属第一医院2022年12月—2024年4月收治的80例肾移植患者为研究对象,记录术后膀胱痉挛发生情况,将15例术后发生膀胱痉挛的患者纳入膀胱痉挛组,其余65例患者纳入非膀胱痉挛组。对比两组一般人口学资料,术前临床资料、术中及术后情况。以合并膀胱痉挛作为因变量纳入Logistics回归模型分析肾移植术后膀胱痉挛发生的影响因素。结果 80例肾移植患者在术后共有15例患者发生膀胱痉挛,占比为18.76%。膀胱痉挛组与非膀胱痉挛组的性别、年龄、体质指数、文化程度、付费方式、家庭收入比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组原发疾病、合并基础疾病、透析方式比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组患者术前透析时间及术前贫血情况比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后尿管留置时间、术后尿潴留、术后视觉模拟量表评分、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、尿素氮、胱抑素C比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组使用尿管材质、术后7 d平均尿量比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;根据Logistics回归分析结果显示,术前透析时间（95%CI：1.327~9.846,OR：3.614,P=0.012）、术前贫血（95%CI：0.995~1.000,OR：0.997,P=0.045）、尿管材质（95%CI：1.498~3 199.687,OR：69.239,P=0.030）及术后7 d平均尿量（95%CI：1.058~334.543,OR：18.813,P=0.046）为肾移植术后膀胱痉挛发生的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 肾移植患者术前透析时间较长、术前贫血、应用尿管材质较硬、术后尿量少均可增加术后膀胱痉挛发生风险,因此需针对膀胱痉挛高风险患者增加护理评估,监测患者术后尿量,尽量选择软质尿管,预防肾移植术后膀胱痉挛的发生。

Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of bladder spasms in patients after kidney transplantation. Methods Selecting 80 kidney transplant patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 2022 to April 2024 as the research subjects, the occurrence of postoperative bladder spasm was recorded. Fifteen patients who experienced bladder spasm after surgery were included in the bladder spasm group, and the remaining 65 patients were included in the non bladder spasm group. The general demographic data,preoperative clinical data, intraoperative and postoperative conditions between two groups were compared. Incorporating bladder spasm as the dependent variable into the Logistics regression model to analyze the influencing factors of bladder spasm after kidney transplantation. Results A total of 15 out of 80 kidney transplant patients experienced bladder spasms after surgery, accounting for 18. 76%. By comparing general demographic data between the bladder spasm group and the non bladder spasm group, it was found that there were no significant differences in gender, age, Body Mass Index, education level, payment methods, and household income（P>0. 05）. There was no significant differences in primary disease, combined basic disease, and dialysis method between the two groups（P>0. 05）,while there were significant differences in preoperative dialysis time and preoperative anemia between the two groups（P<0. 05）. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss,postoperative urinary retention, postoperative visual analog scale score, C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, alkaline phosphatase, transaminase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, cystatin C were not different between the two groups（P>0. 05）. The difference in the mean urine volume after seven days and urinary catheter material were significant（P<0. 05）. According to the results of the Logistic regression analysis,preoperative dialysis duration（95%CI：1. 327-9. 846,OR：3. 614, P=0. 012）, preoperative anemia（95%CI：0. 995-1. 000,OR：0. 997, P=0. 045）, catheter material（95%CI：1. 498-3 199. 687,OR：69. 239, P=0. 030）, and mean urine output at seven days postoperatively（95%CI：1. 058-334. 543,OR：18. 813, P=0. 046）were identified as independent influencing factors for the occurrence of bladder spasms after kidney transplantation（P<0. 05）. Conclusions Renal transplant patients have a longer preoperative dialysis time, and the use of harder urinary catheter materials and lower postoperative urine output can increase the risk of postoperative bladder spasms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase nursing evaluation for high-risk patients with bladder spasms mentioned above, monitor postoperative urine output, and choose soft urinary catheters as much as possible to prevent the occurrence of bladder spasms after kidney transplantation.

       目的   分析原发性肾病综合征（PNS）患儿在糖皮质激素（激素）治疗后淋巴细胞亚群及免疫因子的水平变化，以探讨PNS耐药机制。方法   选取PNS患儿共71例，正常对照组108例，收集PNS患者在激素治疗前、后及正常对照组儿童的淋巴细胞亚群［CD4⁺ 、CD8⁺ 、CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ 、CD19⁺ 和自然杀伤（NK）细胞］及免疫因子水平，并分析激素治疗后激素敏感患儿和激素耐药患儿相关指标的差异。结果  PNS患儿淋巴细胞亚群及免疫因子水平异常，激素治疗后PNS患儿总免疫球蛋白E（IgE）水平［767.50（270.25，1 937.50）IU/mL vs 311.00（62.70，757.00）IU/mL］（P=0.008）下降，而CD4⁺ T细胞比例［（33.88±7.42）% vs（38.25±7.16）%］（P=0.004）升高，激素治疗敏感患儿NK细胞比例高于激素治疗耐药患儿［（8.39±4.60）% vs（4.72±1.99）%］（P=0.034），IgE水平低于耐药患儿［311.00（62.70，633.00）IU/mL vs783.00（88.05，1 290.00）IU/mL］（P＜0.001）。结论  PNS患儿淋巴细胞亚群分布及免疫球蛋白水平异常，激素治疗可影响患儿CD4⁺ T细胞比例及IgE水平，并且NK细胞比例和IgE水平与患儿激素耐药相关。

       Objective  To evaluate the changes of lymphocyte subsets and immune factors levels in children with primary nephrotic syndrome（PNS），and explore the pathogenesis of PNS．Methods  A total of 71 patients with PNS and 108 normal control cases were selected．Flow cytometry was used to detect the concentration of lymphocyte subsets（CD4⁺ ，CD8⁺ ，CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ ，CD19⁺  and natural killer［NK］ cells）and immune factors before and after treatment．The difference of  related factors between steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant children after therapy were analyzed．Results  Lymphocyte subsets and immune molecule levels were abnormal in children with NPS．The level of IgE（767.50［270.25，1 937.50］IU/mL vs 311.00［62.70，757.00］IU/mL，P=0.008）was significantly decreased after therapy（P＜0.05），while CD4⁺  T cells（［33.88±7.42］% vs［38.25±7.16］%，P=0.004）were significantly increased．The level of NK cells in steroid-sensitive children was significantly higher than that in steroid-resistant children（［8.39±4.60］% vs［4.72±1.99］%，P=0.034），while the level of  IgE was significantly lower than that of steroid -resistant children（311.00［62.70，633.00］IU/mL vs 783.00［88.05，1 290.00］IU/mL，P＜0.001）．Conclusions  The distribution of lymphocyte subsets and the level of immune factors in PNS children were abnormal．Steroid therapy could affect the levels of CD4⁺  T cells and IgE，and the levels of NK cells and IgE were related to steroid-resistance in PNS children．

        目的   探讨出生胎龄＜37周早产儿发生败血症时的临床特征及其不良结局的危险因素。方法   收集2020年1月—2023年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院本部新生儿科收治出生胎龄＜37周且发生败血症早产儿的临床资料；根据败血症发生时间分为早发型败血症（EOS）49例，晚发型败血症（LOS）150例；根据是否出现不良结局，分为结局不良组90例，结局良好组109例。分析EOS和LOS败血症的临床特征，并采用多因素Logistic回归分析早产儿败血症出现不良结局的危险因素。结果  早产儿败血症中EOS患儿出生胎龄更小，生后1 min Apgar评分更低，孕母羊水污染、胎膜早破≥18 h发生率较LOS更高（P＜0.05）；早产儿败血症临床表现无特异性，但LOS患儿休克发生率更高（P＜0.05）；早产儿易发生革兰阴性菌感染，合并先天性心脏病（OR=2.490，P＜0.05）、出生胎龄＜30周（OR=4.851，P＜0.05）、出生体质量小于1 500 g（OR=4.169，P＜0.05）是早产儿败血症发生不良结局的危险因素。结论  早产儿败血症临床表现无特异性，更易发生革兰阴性菌感染，出生胎龄越小、体质量越低发生不良结局的风险更高。

       Objective  To analyze the clinical characteristics and  risk factors of adverse outcomes of  sepsis in premature infants with gestational age ＜ 37 weeks．Methods  Clinical data of preterm infants ＜ 37 weeksof gestational age admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected．According to the timing of sepsis，49 cases with early-onset sepsis（EOS）and 150 cases with late-onset sepsis（LOS）were diagnosed．According to the outcome，90 cases were divided into the adverse outcome group and 109 cases were good outcome group．The clinical characteristics of EOS and LOS were analyzed，and the risk factors of adverse outcomes were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression．Results The gestational age of EOS infants was smaller at birth，the 1 minute Apgar score was lower ，and the incidence of amniotic fluid contamination and premature rupture of membranes ≥18h were higher than those in LOS infants（P＜0.05）．The clinical manifestations of sepsis in premature infants were not specific，but the incidence of shock was higher in LOS children（P＜0.05）．Preterm infants were more likely to develop gram-negative bacterial infection，congenital heart disease（OR=2.490，P＜0.05），gestational age ＜30 weeks（OR=4.851，P＜0.05），and birth weight ＜ 1 500 g（OR=4.169，P＜0.05）were identified as significant risk factors for adverse sepsis outcomes in preterm infants．Conclusions The clinical manifestations of septicemia in preterm infants are non-specific，and they are more likely to suffer from gram-negative bacterial infection．The younger the gestational age and lower the birth weight of preterm infants，the higher the risk of adverse outcomes after sepsis．

        目的   分析护生死亡态度的潜在类别及其影响因素，为开设符合我国国情的死亡教育课程提供参考。方法   采用便利抽样法，选取唐山市高校护生为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表进行调查，基于潜在剖面分析护生死亡态度的类别及不同类别的影响因素。结果   共发放问卷520份，回收问卷516份，回收率为99.23%，剔除无效问卷11份，有效回收率为97.87%。护生死亡态度描绘量表得分为（96.91±13.20）分，经过剖面分析可划分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型（63.60%）和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型（36.40%）2个潜在类别。Logistic回归分析结果显示，陪伴临终亲友、未接触过死亡相关场所、半年内有亲友离世的护生属于死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型的概率较大，自身性格偏外向、研究生学历的护生属于死亡态度积极-自然接受型的概率较大（均P＜0.05）。结论   护生死亡态度存在明显的分类特征，可分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型2个潜在类别；相关院校可针对不同类别特征的护生开设死亡教育相关课程，以期帮助护生更深刻地认识死亡，树立科学死亡观。

       Objective  To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of nursing students’ death attitude，to provide reference for setting up death education courses in line with China’s situation．Methods  Convenient sampling method was used to select nursing students in Tangshan．General data questionnaire and death attitude description scale were used to investigate the categories of nursing students’ death attitude and their influencing factors based on latent profiles．Results  A total of 520 questionnaires were sent out and 516 were collected with a rate of 99.23%．Eleven invalid questionnaires were excluded with an effective rate of 97.87%．The score of the death attitude description scale of nursing students was（96.91±13.20），which could be divided into two potential categories：positive death attitude - natural acceptance type（51.49%）and negative death attitude - fear type（48.51%）after profile analysis．Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing students who accompanied their dying relatives and friends，had no visit to death-related places，and had relatives and friends who died within six months had a higher probability of negative death attitude - fear of death，while nursing students with extrovert personality and graduate degree had a higher probability of positive death attitude - natural acceptance（all P＜0.05）．Conclusions  There were obvious classification characteristics of nursing students’ attitude towards death，which can be divided into two latent categories：positive attitude towards death - natural acceptance type and negative attitude towards death - fear type．Relevant colleges and universities can set up death education courses for nursing students with different characteristics，in order to help nursing students have a deeper understanding of death and establish a scientific view of death．

       目的   探讨电子计算机断层扫描（CT）增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析。方法   选取天津市肿瘤医院空港医院2020年10月—2023年10月收治的100例行CT增强出现碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者进行回顾性分析，将其分为观察组，另选取同期在我院行CT增强检查未发生不良反应的100例患者作为对照组。分析观察组患者碘对比剂急性不良反应情况，对比两组患者临床资料及碘对比剂注射情况，以急性不良反应作为因变量（发生急性不良反应=1，未发生急性不良反应=0）纳入Logistic回归模型，分析CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生的独立影响因素。结果  100例发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者中轻度65例（65.00%），中度34例（34.00%），重度1例（1.00%）；观察组与对照组性别、年龄、体质指数（BMI）、高血压史、糖尿病史、心功能不全史、甲状腺功能亢进史、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病史、碘对比剂使用史、食物过敏史对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），观察组与对照组哮喘史（9.00% vs 2.00%）、肾功能不全史（13.00% vs 3.00%）、碘对比剂不良反应发生史（21.00% vs  2.00%）、花粉过敏史（12.00% vs 4.00%）、药物过敏史（26.00% vs 7.00%）及其他过敏史（10.00% vs 2.00%），对比差异有统计学意义（χ ² =4.710，P=0.030；χ  ² =6.790，P=0.009；χ ² =17.740，P＜0.001；χ ² =4.350，P=0.037；χ ² =13.100，P＜0.001；χ ² =5.670，P=0.017）；观察组与对照组碘对比剂剂量对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），观察组与对照组碘对比剂注射速度（＜3 mL/min为55.00% vs 69.00%；≥3 mL/min为45.00% vs 31.00%）、碘对比剂类型（碘克沙醇为34.00% vs 34.00%，碘佛醇为47.00% vs 30.00%，碘海醇为19.00% vs  36.00%）对比差异有统计学意义（χ ² =4.160，P=0.041；χ ² =9.010，P=0.011）；肾功能不全史、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度为发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论  CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应多以轻度为主，且以往合并肾功能不全、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度过高可能为碘对比剂不良反应发生的影响因素。

       Objective  To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of iodine contrast agents in enhanced computed tomography（CT）．Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents during CT enhancement．They were divided into an observation group and another 100 patients who underwent CT enhancement examination in our hospital during the same period without any adverse reactions were selected as the control group．The acute adverse  reactions of iodine contrast agent in the observation group of patients were analyzed，the clinical data and injection of iodine contrast agent between the two groups of patients were compared，and include acute adverse reactions as the dependent variable（occurrence of acute adverse reactions=1，absence of acute adverse reactions=0）was used in the Logistic regression model to analyze the independent influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of CT enhanced iodine contrast agent．Results  Among the 100 patients who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents，65 were mild reactions，accounting for 65.00%，34 cases had were moderate reactions，accounting for 34.00%，and one cases had severe reactions，accounting for 1.00%．There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in gender，age，body mass index（BMI），history of hypertension，diabetes，heart dysfunction，hyperthyroidism，coronary heart disease，use of iodine contrast agent，and food allergy（P＞0.05）．The history of asthma（9.00% vs 2.00%），renal insufficiency（13.00% vs 3.00%），adverse reactions of iodine contrast（21.00 % vs 2.00%），pollen allergy（12.00% vs  4.00%），drug allerg（26.00% vs  7.00%）and other allergies（10.00 % vs  2.00%）were significantly different（χ ² =4.710，P=0.030；χ ² =6.790，P=0.009；χ ² =17.740，P＜0.001；χ ² =4.350，P=0.037；χ ² =13.100，P＜0.001；χ ² =5.670，P=0.017）．There was no significant difference in the dosage of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group（P＞0.05）．The injection rate of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group（＜ 3 mL/min was 55.00% vs  69.00%；≥3 mL/min was 45.00% vs 31.00%），and the types of iodoxanol （iodoxanol［34.00% vs 34.00%］，iodoxanol［47.00% vs 30.00%］，iodohexanol［19.00% vs 36.00%］） were significantly different（χ ² =4.160，P=0.041；χ ²  =9.010，P=0.011）．History of renal insufficiency，adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents，drug allergies，other allergies，and injection speed of iodine contrast agents were independent risk factors for the occurrence of acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents in CT enhancement are mostly mild．Previous history of  renal insufficiency，history of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents，history of drug allergies，other allergic histories，and high injection speed of iodinated contrast agents may be influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse  reactions to iodinated contrast agents．

       目的  探讨泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素。方法  选取我院2020年12月—2023年12月泌尿外科收治的90例采用达芬奇机器人辅助手术的患者进行回顾性分析。依照术中是否发生低体温分为低体温组（n=30）及非低体温组（n=60），对比其基本资料，术前相关基础指标及围术期相关资料，采用Logistics回归模型分析泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素。结果  低体温组与非低体温组患者性别、疾病类型、美国麻醉师协会（ASA）分级对比无明显差异，低体温组年龄高于非低体温组，体质指数低于非低体温组（P＜0.05）；低体温组与非低体温组患者术前血红蛋白、舒张压、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、肌酐对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），低体温组术前白蛋白水平低于非低体温组（P＜0.05）；低体温组与非低体温组患者麻醉方式、气腹时间、入室时体温、入室时平均动脉压、术中出血量对比无明显差异，低体温组麻醉总时间、手术时间、入室时心率、术中输液量高于非低体温组，术中保温措施持续时间低于非低体温组（P＜0.05）；术前白蛋白、麻醉总时间、手术时间、术中输液量、术中保温措施持续时间为泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论  泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的发生可能受患者术前白蛋白水平、麻醉总时间、手术时间、术中输液量及术中保温措施持续时间影响，因此需针对上述术中低体温高风险患者增加干预评估，并制定针对性干预措施，预防患者术中低体温的发生。

       Objective  To explore the influencing factors of hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci  robotic surgery in urology department．Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 patients who underwent da Vinci  robot assisted surgery in the urology department of our hospital from December 2020 to December 2023．According to whether  hypothermia occurred during surgery，patients were divided into a hypothermia group（n=30）and a non hypothermia group（n=60），and their basic data，preoperative related basic indicators，and perioperative related data were compared．A logistics  regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery．Results  There were no significant differences in gender，disease type，and ASA grading between the hypothermia group and the non hypothermia group．The age of the hypothermia group was higher than that of the non hypothermia group，and the body mass index was lower than that of the non hypothermia group（P＜0.05）．There was no significant difference in preoperative hemoglobin，diastolic blood pressure，systolic blood pressure，low-density lipoprotein，high-density lipoprotein，total cholesterol，triglycerides，fasting blood glucose，and creatinine between the hypothermia group and the non hypothermia group．The preoperative albumin level in the hypothermia group was lower than that in the non hypothermia group（P＜0.05）．There was no significant difference in anesthesia method，pneumoperitoneum time，temperature at entry，mean arterial pressure at entry，and intraoperative blood loss between the hypothermia group and the non hypothermia group．The total anesthesia time，surgical time，heart rate at entry，and intraoperative infusion volume were higher in the hypothermia group than in the non hypothermia group，and the duration of intraoperative insulation measures was lower in the hypothermia group than in the non hypothermia group（P＜0.05）．Preoperative albumin，total anesthesia time，surgery time，intraoperative infusion volume，and duration of intraoperative insulation measures were independent influencing factors of intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  The occurrence of hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery in urology may be affected by preoperative albumin levels，total anesthesia time，surgery time，intraoperative infusion volume，and duration of intraoperative insulation measures．Therefore，it is necessary to increase nursing evaluation for high-risk patients with hypothermia during surgery and develop targeted intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of hypothermia in patients．

       目的   对比分析双极半髋关节置换术（BHA）与全髋关节置换术（THR）治疗股骨颈骨折（FNF）的效果。方法   回顾性收集北京中医药大学东直门医院洛阳医院2019年6月—2023年4月90例FNF患者临床资料，依照手术治疗方案差异分为两组，BHA组（45例）行BHA治疗，THR组（45例）行THR治疗，比较两组围术期指标、术前及术后3 d炎症因子水平、术后6个月髋关节活动度、术前及术后6个月生活质量［欧洲生活质量评分（EQ-5D评分）］。结果  THR组手术时间（108.76±15.33）min、下床活动时间（40.37±10.24）h、住院时间（19.02±5.11）d均较BHA组［（53.49±10.12）min、（25.92±7.15）h、（15.16±4.87）d］长（t分别为20.184、7.761、3.668，均P＜0.05），术中失血量（318.69±35.14）mL、术后引流量（129.74±21.03）mL均较BHA组［（224.07±29.35）mL、（90.35±17.48）mL］多（t分别为13.863、9.663，均P＜0.001）；组间并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；术后3 d，BHA组血清白细胞介素-1为（17.35±3.06）pg/L、白细胞介素-6为（24.82±4.31）pg/L、C-反应蛋白为（26.17±4.59）pg/L，低于THR组的（20.16±3.48）pg/L、（27.04±5.06）pg/L、（28.90±5.12）pg/L（t分别为4.068、2.241、2.663，均P＜0.05）；两组术后6个月髋关节内旋、屈曲、外旋、外展、内收活动度及EQ-5D评分对比差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论   与THR相比，BHA能减少FNF患者围术期失血量，降低术后炎症因子表达水平，缩短手术及下床活动时间，促进恢复。

      Objective  To compare and analyze the effects of bipolar hemihip replacement（BHA）and total  hip replacement（THR）in the treatment of femoral neck fracture（FNF）．Methods  The clinical data of 90 patients with FNF in the Luoyang Hospital，Dongzhimen Hospital，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，from June 2019 to April 2023 were retrospectively collected．The patients were divided into two groups according to the difference in surgical treatment plan．The BHA group（45 cases）received BHA treatment，and the THR group（45 cases）received THR treatment．The perioperative indicators，preoperative and postoperative inflammatory factor levels，postoperative hip joint mobility at six months，preoperative and postoperative quality of life ［European Quality of Life Scale（EQ-5D score）］were compared between the two groups．Results  The operation time（108.76±15.33）min，ambulation time（40.37±10.24）h，and hospitalization time（19.02±5.11）d in the  THR  group were longer than those in the BHA group ［（53.49±10.12）min，（25.92±7.15）h，（15.16±4.87）d］（t=20.184，8.630，3.668，respectively，all P＜0.05）．The intraoperative blood loss（318.69±35.14）mL and  postoperative  drainage volume（129.74±21.03）mL were both higher than those in the BHA group ［（224.07±29.35）mL，（90.35±17.48）mL］（t=13.863，9.663，respectively，all P＜0.001）．There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the groups（P＞0.05）．Three days after surgery，the serum levels of interleukin-1，interleukin-6，and C-reactive protein in the BHA group were（17.35±3.06）pg/L，（24.82±4.31）pg/L，and（26.17±4.59）pg/L，respectively，which were lower than those in the THR group（20.16±3.48）pg/L，（27.04±5.06）pg/L，and（28.90±5.12）pg/L（t=4.068，2.241，2.663，respectively，all P＜0.05）．There was no significant difference in the range of motion of internal rotation，flexion，external rotation，abduction，and adduction of the hip joint and EQ-5D scores between the two groups at six months after surgery（all P＞0.05）．Conclusions  Compared with THR，BHA can reduce perioperative blood loss in FNF patients，reduce postoperative inflammatory factor expression level，shorten operation and ambulation time，and promote recovery．

       目的   探讨影响急性脑梗死患者接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗决策延迟的因素，并提出减少溶栓决策时间的建议。方法   采用回顾性分析方法，对泉州市第一医院2023年通过急诊收治的120例急性脑梗死患者及其家属的资料进行分析。根据溶栓决策时间，以5 min为界限，将患者分为非延迟组（62例）和延迟组（58例），并对两组资料进行比较分析。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件分析数据，运用t检验（针对连续变量）和χ ² 检验（针对分类变量）比较组间的差异。此外，通过Logistic回归分析，确定影响急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗决策的危险因素。结果   对比两组患者数据后发现，籍贯地区、冠心病史、外院转入、发病到入院时间以及决策家属数量比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析进一步揭示，非泉州籍贯地区［OR（95%CI）：9.29（2.21~38.97），P=0.002］、决策家属人数≥2人［OR（95%CI）：18.73（5.96~58.80），P＜0.001］、从外院转入［OR（95%CI）：10.26（2.09~50.42），P=0.004］以及发病到入院时间3.0~4.5 h［OR（95%CI）：4.09（1.45~11.48），P=0.008］是导致治疗决策延迟的独立危险因素。结论   患者非泉州籍贯地区、外院转入、溶栓决策家属人员≥2个、发病到入院时间3~4.5 h是溶栓决策延误的影响因素，提出优化卒中急诊抢救流程以及通过卒中宣教以缩短溶栓决策时间的建议。

       Objective  To investigate the factors influencing delays in decision-making for intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator（rt-PA）in patients with acute cerebral infarction and to propose  recommendations for reducing thrombolysis decision-making time．Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 120 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the emergency department at Quanzhou First Hospital in 2023，including information from their families．Patients were divided into non-delay group （62 cases） and delay group （58 cases） based on a 5-minute threshold for thrombolysis decision-making time．Comparative analysis between the two groups was performed using SPSS 23.0 statistical software，with t-tests for continuous variables and χ ²  tests for categorical variables．Logistic  regression analysis was employed to identify  risk factors affecting decision-making for intravenous thrombolysis in these patients．Results  Statistical analysis  revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of native region，history of coronary heart disease，transfer from other hospitals，time from onset to hospital admission，and number of family members involved in decision-making（P＜0.05）．Multivariate Logistic regression identified independent risk factors for delayed treatment decisions：non-Quanzhou native region （OR［95%CI］：9.29［2.21-38.97］，P=0.002），having two or more decision-making family members （OR［95%CI］：18.73［5.96-58.80］，P＜0.001），transfer from other hospitals （OR［95%CI］：10.26［2.09-50.42］，P=0.004），and a time from onset to hospital admission of 3-4.5 hours （OR［95%CI］：4.09［1.45-11.48］，P=0.008）．Conclusions  Factors  such as non-Quanzhou native region，transfer from other hospitals，having two or more family members involved in decision-making，and a time from onset to hospital admission of 3-4.5 hours are associated with delays in thrombolysis decision-making．Optimizing the emergency  rescue process for stroke and shortening the thrombolytic decision-making time through stroke education are suggested．