目的 分析彩色多普勒超声在小儿阴囊急症诊断中的应用价值。方法 于2019年1月—2019年12月选取院内收治的100例以阴囊急症就诊的患儿作为研究对象,使用彩色多普勒超声对所有患儿进行诊断,分析患儿的超声影像学特点,并对彩色多普勒超声的诊断结果与手术和病理结果进行对比。结果 急性睾丸扭转患儿的影像学形态以睾丸肿胀(90.63%)、阴囊壁水肿(75.00%)、鞘膜积液(68.75%)、睾丸实质回声异常(59.38%)和附睾增大(53.13%)为主,其中睾丸肿胀和睾丸实质回声异常的患儿例数明显高于其他疾病类型(P＜0.05);急性睾丸附件扭转患儿的影像学形态以睾丸外结节(96.30%)、附睾增大(74.07%%)、阴囊壁水肿(70.37%)和鞘膜积液(51.85%)为主,其中睾丸外结节的患儿例数高于其他疾病类型(P＜0.05);急性附睾炎患儿的影像学形态以阴囊壁水肿(82.61%)、附睾增大(73.91%)和鞘膜积液(52.17%)为主;急性睾丸炎患儿的影像学形态也以阴囊壁水肿(83.33%)、附睾增大(83.33%)、和鞘膜积液(55.56%)为主,急性附睾炎和急性睾丸炎患儿的影像学形态相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);急性睾丸扭转患儿的睾丸内血流分布主要为减少或消失和精索扭转,与其他疾病类型患儿相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);急性睾丸附件扭转患儿的睾丸内血流分布主要为正常,与其他疾病类型患儿相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);急性附睾炎和睾丸炎患儿的睾丸内血流分布主要为增加,与其他疾病类型患儿相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),急性附睾炎和急性睾丸炎患儿的睾丸内血流分布情况相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);彩色多普勒超声在阴囊急症中的总诊断率为97%,与手术病理结果相比无差异(P＞0.05),在急性睾丸扭转中的诊断符合率为96.88%,在急性睾丸附件扭转中的诊断率为96.30%,在急性附睾炎中的诊断符合率为95.65%,在急性睾丸炎中的诊断率为100.00%,不同疾病类型阴囊急症患儿中的诊断率与手术病理结果相比均无差异(P＞0.05)。结论 彩色多普勒超声在小儿阴囊急症的诊断中发挥出了较好的临床诊断效果,在不同疾病类型阴囊急症中的诊断符合率均相对较高,应当作为小儿阴囊急症早期筛查的主要影像学方法,值得广泛应用及推广。

Objective To analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of scrotal emergency in children. Methods From January 2019 to December 2019,100 children admitted to the hospital with scrotal emergency were selected as the research objects. All patients were diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound and the characteristics of ultrasound imaging were analyzed. The diagnostic results of color Doppler ultrasound were compared with surgical and pathological results. Results The imaging morphology of children with acute testicular torsion was testicular swelling (90.63%),scrotal wall edema (75.00%),hydrocele (68.75%),abnormal testicular parenchymal echo (59.38%),and enlarged epididymis (53.13%) mainly. The numbers of children with testicular swelling and abnormal testicular parenchymal echo were higher than other disease types (P<0.05); the imaging morphology of children with acute testicular attachment reversal was extratesticular nodules (96.30%) and enlarged epididymis (74.07 %%),scrotal wall edema (70.37%),and hydrocele (51.85%) were predominant,and the numbers of children with extra testicular nodules were higher than other disease types (P<0.05); acute epididymis morphology of scrotal wall edema (82.61%),enlarged epididymis (73.91%),and hydrocele (52.17%) in children with inflammation are mainly; the morphology of scrotal wall edema in children with acute orchitis (83.33%) also,epididymis enlargement (83.33%),and hydrocele (55.56%) were the main factors. There was no significant difference in imaging morphology between children with acute epididymitis and acute orchitis (P> 0.05); Testicular blood flow distribution in children with acute testicular torsion was mainly reduced or disappeared and spermatic cord twisted,the difference was statistically significant compared with children with other disease types (P<0.05); blood distribution in the testis of children with acute testicular accessory torsion was mainly normal,compared with children with other disease types. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the distribution of blood flow in the testis of children with acute epididymitis and orchitis was mainly increased,and the difference was statistically significant compared with children with other disease types (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in testicular blood flow distribution between children with inflammation and acute orchitis (P> 0.05);The overall diagnosis rate of color Doppler ultrasound in scrotal emergency was 97%,and there was no significant difference compared with the surgical pathological results (P> 0.05). The diagnostic coincidence rate in acute testicular torsion was 96.88%,and in acute testis, the diagnostic rate of attachment reversal was 96.30%,the diagnostic coincidence rate in acute epididymitis was 95.65%,the diagnostic rate in acute orchitis was 100.00%. Compared with the diagnosis rates and surgical pathology results in children with scrotal emergency of different disease types,there were no significant differences (P> 0.05). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound has a good clinical diagnosis effect in the diagnosis of scrotal emergencies in children,and the diagnostic coincidence rate in different types of scrotal emergencies is relatively high. It should be used as the main early screening for scrotal emergencies. The imaging method is worthy of wide application and promotion.

目的 运用网络药理学方法预测生白术活性成分、作用靶点及生物学意义,探讨其防治便秘的作用机制,并结合导师临床应用取得的疗效进行进一步的验证。方法 借助TCMSP在线数据库查找白术的药效成份并选择其生物利用度(OB)>30%且类药性(DL)>0.18的化合物,并查询每种成分所对应的靶标。通过Gene Cards、OMIM共2个疾病相关靶点的数据库检索便秘相关靶点信息。将二者靶基因相映射获得交集靶点。借助 cytoscape 3.7.1 软件对查询结果进行可视化。所得到的基因通过相互作用数据库(STRING)进行相互作用蛋白查询并构建蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络。使用R语言对关键靶点行GO和KEGG富集分析,以构建“成分-靶点-信号通路”的网络。结果 共得到白术人源靶蛋白7个,便秘相关的人源基因2 859个。发现其主要通过干预PGR、CHRM3、CHRM1、ACHE、CHRM2五个基因并参与胆碱能突触、钙信号通路、肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调控、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、cAMP信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路共6条信号通路以达到防治便秘的效果。结论 应用网络药理学方法分析预测得到重用生白术防治便秘的潜在药效成分、作用靶点及其信号通路,为临床应用提供了理论依据。

Objective To predict the active ingredients, targets and biological significance of Atractylodes macrocephala by network pharmacology, to explore the mechanism of its prevention and treatment of constipation, and to further verify its efficacy in combination with the clinical application of tutors. Methods The constituents of Atractylodes macrocephala were searched by TCMSP database and the compounds with bioavailability (OB) > 30% and drug-like property (DL) > 0.18 were screened, and the corresponding targets of each constituent were queried. Constipation-related target information was retrieved from two disease-related target databases of GeneCards and OMIM, mapping the two target genes to obtain intersecting targets, by visualization of query results with cytoscape 3.7.1. The resulting genes were queried by the interaction database (STRING) and the protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of key targets was carried out by R language in order to construct the network of “component-target-signal pathway”. Results Seven human target proteins and 2 859 constipation related human genes were obtained from Atractylodes macrocephala. It was found that the effect of prevention and treatment of constipation was mainly achieved by interfering with five genes of PGR, CHRM3, CHRM1, ACHE and CHRM2 and participating in six signaling pathways: cholinergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion The potential pharmacodynamic components, targets and signaling pathways of reuse Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the prevention and treatment of constipation can be predicted by network pharmacological method, which provides a theoretical basis for clinical application.

目的 探讨肺炎支原体核糖核酸恒温扩增技术(MP RNA-SAT)对儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)诊治的价值。方法 选择310例CAP的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)和非肺炎支原体肺炎各155例,比较这两组的MP RNA-SAT和MP-IgM的检测结果。结果 以临床诊断为标准,RNA-SAT的特异度(97.4%)及阳性预测值(92.2%)高于IgM(分别为72.3%、74.4%),而敏感度(30.3%)及阴性预测值(58.3%)则低于IgM(分别为80.6%、78.9%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);年龄＞3岁、检测前不使用大环内酯类药物以及选择肺泡灌洗液作为检测标本均能提高RNA-SAT的检出率(P＜0.05)。结论 RNA-SAT能特异度识别出MP的活动性感染,联合使用RNA-SAT和IgM检测,能更加快速、准确地诊断MP感染,对儿童肺炎的诊治具有较高的价值。尽量在使用大环内酯类药物治疗前进行RNA-SAT检测,必要时可选择肺泡灌洗液作为检测标本以提高检出率。

Objective To investigate the value of Mycoplasma pneumoniae RNA simultaneous amplification and testing(MP RNA-SAT)in the diagnosis and treatment of community acquired pneumonia(CAP) in children. Methods The clinical data of 310 children with CAP were selected for retrospective analysis,including 155 Mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia(MPP)and 155 non-MPP,and the results of MP RNA-SAT and MP-IgM in both groups were compared. Results With the results of clinical diagnosis as reference, the specificity (97.4%)or positive predictive value (92.2%)by RNA-SAT was higher than that by IgM (72.3% and 74.4%, respectively), while the sensitivity (30.3%)or negative predictive value (58.3%)was lower than that by IgM (80.6% and 78.9%, respectively).The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Age>3 years, no macrolide treatment before testing, or choosing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as testing samples, that can improve the detection rate of RNA-SAT(P<0.05). Conclusion RNA-SAT may specifically identify active infection of MP, and the combined use of RNA-SAT and IgM test may more quickly and accurately diagnose infection of MP.It has high value for the diagnosis and treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children. RNA-SAT should be performed before the application of macrolide treatment as early as possible. If necessary, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid could be chosen as testing samples to improve the detection rate of RNA-SAT.

目的 探讨雷火灸对于小儿下元虚寒型遗尿症的临床疗效。方法 采用回顾性分析,将60例遗尿症患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组给予基础治疗(包括调整作息饮食、膀胱功能锻炼、反射训练等),治疗组则在基础治疗外给予雷火灸温灸小腹部及温阳补肾的相应穴位,两组均连续治疗3周。比较两组治疗前后每周遗尿天数、每天遗尿次数、每天的睡眠深度及中医症候积分变化,观察两组临床疗效及6个月后的复发率。结果 治疗组使用雷火灸治疗小儿遗尿症的总有效率96.67%高于对照组的总有效率76.67%,治疗组中医症候积分减少优于对照组,治疗后6个月治疗组的复发率为10.34%,少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 雷火灸能有效减少下元虚寒型遗尿症患儿的遗尿次数,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of treating kidney deficiency-cold syndrome enuresis children with thunder-fire moxibustion. Methods 60 cases were randomly divided into a control group of 30 cases and a treatment group of 30 cases. Patients in the control group were treated with basic treatment (including adjusting diet, bladder function exercise, reflex training and so on); while patients in the treatment group were treated with thunder-fire moxibustion,three weeks for treatment. The research was aimed at assessing the clinical effect of the two groups,observing the number of enuresis days per week, the number of enuresis times per day,the sleep depth per day and the change of TCM symptom score, and recording the recurrence rate after 6 months of treatment. Results The clinical efficacy of treatment group was better than that of the control group,and the efficiency was 96.67%,which was higher than that of the control group 76.67%,and the TCM symptom score of the treatment group decreased than that of the control group, both of the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The recurrence rates at 6 months after treatment was 10.34% respectively,which were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The therapy has good effect,it can reduce the number of enuresis times and has low recurrence.

目的 本研究观察应用鼻喷激素联合白三烯受体拮抗剂在腺样体肥大患儿中治疗的效果。方法 选择2016年2月—2018年3月期间在广州市某区妇幼保健院耳鼻咽喉科确诊腺样体肥大的患儿,在患儿及家长知情同意的基础上,按照随机数字表法将87例耳鼻咽喉科诊断为腺样体肥大的儿童分为研究组和对照组。前者给予鼻喷激素联合白三烯受体拮抗剂进行治疗,后者独立使用白三烯受体拮抗剂进行治疗,比较两组患儿的临床治疗效果和不适症状的改善程度。结果 研究组腺样体肥大患儿临床症状得分小于对照组,优于对照组的治疗效果,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且对比对照组,研究组患儿经鼻呼吸困难、入睡时打鼾、鼻部阻塞感等不适症状明显减轻。结论 鼻喷激素联合白三烯受体拮抗剂治疗儿童腺样体肥大,临床症状改善较为明显,具有经济性,家属及患儿接受度较高,相比手术创伤小,在基层医院推广有一定的价值。

目的 分析小儿葫芦散应用于儿童喘息性支气管炎中的治疗效果。方法 在我院2015年8月—2018年12月诊治的喘息性支气管炎患儿中选取68例,并严格按照系统随机分配原则分为对照组和观察组,各34例。其中对照组采用常规治疗,观察组采用小儿葫芦散治疗,观察对比两组患儿治疗效果和临床症状消失时间。结果 对照组总有效率为76.47%,观察组总有效率为94.12%,对照组总有效率低于观察组,且对照组临床症状消失时间均长于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小儿葫芦散应用于喘息性支气管炎患儿中具有显著疗效,进一步改善肺功能情况,促进患儿康复,值得推广。

目的 总结预防接种认知干预对儿童预防接种效果的影响。方法 对2018年5—9月在东莞企石镇接种百白破疫苗的儿童家属按接种时间顺序分为对照组254名、实验组248名,对照组家属按常规方法进行预防接种,实验组在常规接种基础上,结合不按时接种、延迟接种等问题对幼儿家属开展多种多样的百白破疫苗预防知识、不良反应观察处理、接种注意事项等知识宣教和培训干预,总结两组儿童在按时接种、延迟接种、疫苗接种知识、不良反应表现与处理、接种注意事项知识的掌握、服务满意度等情况。结果 实验组幼儿按时接种率比对照组高,延迟接种率比对照组低,结果有差异(P＜0.05);家属对疫苗接种知识、不良反应表现和处理、接种注意事项等知识的掌握比对照组高,结果有差异(P＜0.05)。结论 实施家属预防接种认知干预管理能提高家属掌握预防接种知识和不良反应护理知识;提高儿童疫苗接种率和及时接种率,提高预防接种服务管理效果。

Objective To summarize the effect of cognitive intervention on children's vaccination. Methods The family members of children vaccinated with DPT vaccine in Qishi Town of Dongguan City from May to September 2018 were divided into control group 254 and experimental group 248 according to the sequence of vaccination time. The family members of control group were vaccinated by routine methods. On the basis of routine vaccination, the experimental group carried out a variety of preventive knowledge and adverse reactions observation of DPT vaccine to the family members of children in combination with the problems of untimely vaccination and delayed vaccination. The knowledge propaganda and training intervention of treatment and vaccination precautions were summarized. The situation of two groups of children in timely vaccination, delayed vaccination, vaccination knowledge, adverse reaction performance and treatment, knowledge of vaccination precautions and service satisfaction were summarized. Results The vaccination rate of children in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the delayed vaccination rate was lower than that in the control group. The results showed statistical difference (P＜0.05). The knowledge of vaccination, adverse reactions, treatment and matters needing attention of family members were higher than that in the control group, and the results showed statistical difference (P＜0.05). Conclusion Implementing cognitive intervention management of family vaccination may improve family members'knowledge of vaccination and nursing of adverse reactions, improve children's vaccination rates and timely vaccination rates, and improve the management effect of vaccination service.

目的 分析儿童危重症乙型流感患者的临床特点,提高临床医师对此危重症的认识水平。方法 对2017年12月—2018年2月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心收治的7例儿童危重症乙型流感患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 危重患儿好发年龄以幼儿及学龄前期为主。5例表现为呼吸衰竭,1例表现为心源性休克,1例表现为急性坏死性脑病。起病初(3 d内)均未见白细胞减少,白细胞数最高28.1×10⁹/L。白细胞分类以中性粒细胞为主。痰培养出流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌各1例。3例存在塑型性支气管炎改变。经积极治疗,体温恢复正常最短2 d,最长7 d,平均(4.20±1.79) d。住院时间最短12 d,最长23 d,平均(16.71±3.90)d。结论 乙型流感危重患儿临床表现多样,可累及多个系统器官;呼吸道合并症最多见,可出现塑型性支气管炎改变;及早识别及积极治疗,预后良好。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of the children with severe influenza B and to provide reference for identifying severe cases. Methods Clinical data of 7 children with severe influenza B were retrospectively analyzed. Results The age ranged from 11 months to 7 years old, with an average was (4.13±2.06) years old. Five cases were characterized by respiratory failure, one by cardiogenic shock and one by acute necrotizing encephalopathy. No leukopenia was observed at the beginning of the disease(in 3 days), and the number of white blood cells was as high as 28.1×10⁹/L, White blood cell classification is dominated by neutrophils. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae were produced by sputum culture in 1 case for each. Three patients had plastic bronchitis changes. After active treatment, the body temperature returned to normal with minimum 2 days, longest 7 days and average (4.20+1.79)days. The length of stay was the shortest 12 days, the longest 23 days, and the average (16.71+3.90) days. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of severe influenza B are diverse and may involve multiple system organs. Respiratory complications were the most common, with plastic bronchitis changes. Early recognition and active treatment had a good prognosis.

目的 探讨布地奈德联合特布他林对中度哮喘患儿血清变态反应及Th相关指标的影响。方法 选择本院2016年3月—2017年4月收治的中度哮喘患儿100例,将其随机分为2组,各50例。对照组采用布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组采用布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗,比较两组临床疗效、血清变态反应与Th相关指标、药物不良反应。结果 1周后,观察组治疗总有效率较对照组高,MCP-1、IgE、IL-10及IL-6水平均较对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组药物不良反应率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 布地奈德联合特布他林可提高中度哮喘患儿临床疗效,减轻血清变态反应,改善Th相关指标,且用药安全性较高。

目的 研究参附注射液在小儿川崎病治疗中的应用价值。方法 将2015年1月—2016年12月期间在我院接受治疗的川崎病患儿120例作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为两组,对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组采取丙种球蛋白注射、口服阿司匹林、激素等常规治疗措施,观察组在对照组的基础上实施参附注射液治疗。对比2组患儿的退热时间、住院时间、C反应蛋白变化情况、红细胞沉降率,观察2组治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,观察组患儿的C-反应蛋白水平、红细胞沉降率与白细胞水平均小于对照组,血小板与血红蛋白水平高于对照组,退烧时间与治疗时间均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组的不良反应发生率相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 参附注射液可以有效降低川崎病患儿机体内的C-反应蛋白水平、红细胞沉降率,改善血常规指标,加快康复进程,且具有一定的安全性。