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广州医药杂志服务号
临床诊疗

701例经直肠彩超引导前列腺穿刺活检结果及影响因素分析

The Positive Rate and Influencing Factors of Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostatic Biopsy in 701 Cases

:96-98
 
目的 分析经直肠彩超引导下不同前列腺穿刺方式的阳性率及其相关因素,探讨安全的穿刺方案。方法 回顾性分析接受经直肠彩超引导下前列腺穿刺的701例患者临床资料,所有患者均接受系统性13点穿刺活检,并假设13点穿刺中减少前列腺中线3个穿刺点为10点穿刺术式,加之标准的6点穿刺术式。比较上述穿刺术式的阳性率,分析T-PSA、前列腺体积、PSA体积密度(PSAD)、有无前列腺结节对穿刺阳性率的影响。结果 随前列腺穿刺针数的增加,活检阳性率增高。同一穿刺方式,不同T-PSA组间、不同前列腺体积组、不同PSAD组阳性率有差异。T-PSA>100 ng/mL时,三种穿刺方式的阳性率无差异;T-PSA<100 ng/mL时,6点穿刺法阳性率较低,而10点穿刺、13点穿刺阳性率无差异。前列腺体积>80 mL时,不同穿刺法阳性率有差异。PSAD<0.5 ng/mL2时,10点、13点穿刺阳性率无差异。结论 前列腺穿刺活检阳性率随穿刺针数增多而增加,可根据PSA水平、前列腺体积、PSAD选择个体化穿刺方案。
综述

儿童孤立性直肠溃疡综合征的诊治进展

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of isolated rectal ulcer syndrome in children

:1175-1181
 
        儿童孤立性直肠溃疡综合征(SRUS)是一种较为罕见的慢性直肠疾病,儿童发病率低且缺乏明确统计学数据。该病主要表现为便血、排黏液便和排便不尽感,临床诊断较为困难,常易误诊为其他疾病。其发病机制尚不明确,可能与排便习惯异常、直肠黏膜异常、血管异常以及遗传易感性等多种因素有关,其中 CHEK2 基因的 p.H371Y 突变可能在发病机制中起关键作用。诊断需综合病史、体格检查以及排粪造影、超声内镜、肠镜检查与组织病理活检等多种辅助检查手段。治疗上目前尚无统一指南,主要包括改善饮食和排便习惯、生物反馈治疗、药物治疗、内镜下治疗和外科手术治疗等,但总体治疗难度较大且复发率较高。本文对儿童 SRUS 的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断和治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在提高临床医师对该病的诊疗水平,为未来进一步的研究提供参考依据。
       Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)in children is a chronic and benign disease of the rectum characterized by ulcers. The clinical incidence of SRUS in children is not high, but it is prone to misdiagnose and miss diagnosis,which can delay the optimal treatment opportunity. This article reviews the research progress on the epidemiology,pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of SRUS in children, aiming to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic level of clinicians.
论著

窄带成像结合放大内镜和超声内镜评估在早期结直肠癌内镜下治疗前的价值

Application value of magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band imaging and ultrasonic endoscopy system before endoscopic treatment in patients with early colorectal cancer

:957-962
 
       目的   分析早期结直肠癌内镜下治疗前行窄带成像结合放大内镜 (ME-NBI)和超声内镜技术的评估价值。方法   采用回顾性分析方法,以2021年1月— 2023 年 12月中山市第五人民医院收治的102例早期结直肠癌患者为观察对象,所有患者均接受内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)或内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗,根据内镜下治疗前是否进行ME-NBI和超声内镜检查分为研究组与对照组各51例。比较两组年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、直乙结肠占比及组织病理特征;比较两组治疗时间、ESD治疗后非治愈性切除发生率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生情况及再次ESD或外科手术治疗率。结果   两组年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、直乙结肠占比及组织病理比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组中37例行ESD治疗,治疗时间为(120.6±140.3)min,12例行EMR治疗,治疗时间为(11.6±9.3)min,有2例不符合内镜下治疗指征,转外科手术治疗。对照组有38例行ESD治疗,治疗时间为(128.8±144.5)min,13例行EMR治疗,治疗时间为(12.5±9.5)min,两者治疗时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组非治愈性切除率为7.84,低于对照组27.45;治愈性切除率为88.24,高于对照组72.55;研究组ESD手术并发症为8.11%,低于对照组31.58;ESD或外科手术率为6.12,低于对照组25.49P<0.05),结论  ME-NBI和超声内镜对早期结直肠癌患者行内镜下治疗指征评估更准确,可提高治愈性切除率
       Objective  To  study the application value of magnifying endoscopy combined with  narrow  band imaging (ME-NBI)and ultrasonic endoscopy system before endoscopic treatment in patients with early colorectal cancer.Methods  A retrospective analysis was carried out on  102  patients with early-stage colorectal cancer who were admitted to Zhongshan Fifth People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.All patients were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESO).The patients were divided into study group(51 cases)and control group(51 cases)according to whether ME-NBI and ultrasonic endoscopy was performed before endoscopic treatment or not.The patient age,sex,volume of tumor,location of tumor and pathological result of the tumor were compared between two groups.Time for treatment,curative resection rate,non-curative resection rate and the complication incidence of ESD,incidences of second ESD or surgery were compared between the two groups.Results  There were no statistical differences in age,sex,volume of tumor,location of tumor and pathological result of the tumor(P>0.05).In the study group,37 patients received ESD treatment,operation time was(120.6±140.3)minutes,and 12 patients received EMR treatment,operation time was(11.6±9.3)minutes,two cases were transferred to surgery due to endoscopic ultrasonography combined with magnifying endoscopy showed that they did not meet the indications for ESD treatment.In the control group,38 patients received ESD treatment,operation time was(128.8±144.5)minutes,13 patients received EMR treatment,operation time was(12.5±9.5)minutes.There was no significant difference in treatment duration between the two groups.The non-curative resection rate of the study group was 7.84%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(27.45%),and the curative resection rate(88.24%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(72.55%).The complications of ESD surgery in the study group were 8.11%,lower than 31.58% in the control group.The rate of second ESD or surgery was 6.12%,lower than 25.49% in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions  ME-NBI and endoscopic ultrasound are more accurate in the evaluation of endoscopic indications for early colorectal cancer patients,and can improve the curative resection rate.
论著

贝伐珠单抗联合化疗对晚期结直肠癌患者 MSH2、MLHI、MSH6 和 PMS2 水平影响

The effect of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy on the levels of MSH2,MLHI,MSH6 and PMS2 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer

:809-814
 
       目的   分析贝伐珠单抗与化疗对晚期结直肠癌患者4种错配修复蛋白(MSH2、MLHI、MSH6、PMS2)水平影响。方法   选择2022年1月—2024年1月江苏省宿迁市中医院肿瘤科102例晚期结直肠癌患者,按抽签法分成两组,即化疗组及联合组,各51例。化疗组应用FOLFOX(亚叶酸钙+奥沙利铂+氟尿嘧啶)方案进行化疗,联合组采取贝伐珠单抗联合FOLFOX方案治疗。对比其肿瘤控制效果、免疫功能及MSH2、MLHI、MSH6和PMS2水平变化,并对比组间不良反应发生率。结果   联合组客观缓解率、疾病控制率高于化疗组(P<0.05);治疗后联合组患者CD4+ 、CD3+ 、CD8+ 、和CD4+ /CD8+数值高于化疗组,且两组治疗后均低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者MSH2、MLHI、MSH6和PMS2缺失率对比无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其阳性、阴性表达情况对比差异有统计学意义,联合组MSH2、MLHI、MSH6和PMS2阳性率低于化疗组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论   对晚期结直肠癌在化疗基础上增加贝伐珠单抗抗肿瘤效果显著,改善其免疫功能,虽无法改善患者错配修复蛋白缺损,但可辅助降低其阳性率,且不影响安全性。
       Objective  To analyze the effects of bevacizumab and chemotherapy on the levels of four mismatch  repair proteins(MSH2,MLHI,MSH6,PMS2)in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.Methods  A total of 102 patients with advanced colorectal cancer from the Oncology Department of Suqian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in  Jiangsu Province from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected,and were divided into two groups according to the drawing method,namely the chemotherapy group and the combination group,with 51 patients in each group.The chemotherapy group received FOLFOX(calcium folinate+oxaliplatin+fluorouracil)regimen for chemotherapy,while the combination group received bevacizumab combined with FOLFOX regimen for treatment.Tumor control effect,immune function,and changes in MSH2,MLHI,MSH6,and PMS2 levels,and its incidence of adverse reactions were compared.Results  The objective remission rate and disease control rate of the combined group were higher than those of the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).After treatment,the CD4+ ,CD3+ ,CD8+ and CD4+ /CD8+ values in the combination group were higher than those in the chemotherapy group,and those after treatment were lower than those before treatment in both groups(P<0.05).After treatment,there were no significant differences in the deletion  rates of MSH2,MLHI,MSH6,and PMS2 between the two groups of patients(P>0.05),but there was a significant difference in their positive and negative expression.The positive rates of MSH2,MLHI,MSH6,and PMS2 in the combination group were lower than those in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse  reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions  Adding bevacizumab on the basis of chemotherapy has a significant anti-tumor effect on advanced colorectal cancer,improving its immune function.Although it cannot improve the mismatch  repair protein defect in patients,it can assist in reducing its positivity rate and has high safety.
专家述评

结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制及临床治疗的研究进展

Advances in the emerging mechanisms and treatment progress on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

:288-299
 
       结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大最常见的癌症,也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)是导致CRC患者死亡的主要原因,根治性肝切除术是目前有望治愈CRLM的唯一途径,但大部分患者不能进行根治性肝切除术。通过早期发现并进行针对性干预,能够改善患者的治疗效果及预后。文章通过综述CRLM的发病机制、诊疗现状及最新纳米诊疗方法,为深入探索高效诊疗方法提供思路。
      Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC.Radical hepatectomy is the only way to cure CRLM so far,while most patients cannot undergo radical hepatectomy.CRLM treatment efficacy and prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis and specialized intervention.This paper reviews the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment status of CRLM and the latest nano-diagnosis and treatment methods so as to provide ideas for in-depth exploration of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods.
论著

ZEB1、LAMP5 在结直肠癌组织中的表达水平分析及预后预测价值分析

Expression levels and prognostic value of ZEB1 and LAMP5 in colorectal cancer tissues

:228-234
 
       目的  探讨转录因子E盒结合锌指蛋白1(ZEB1)、溶酶体相关膜蛋白5(LAMP5)在结直肠癌组织中的表达水平分析及预后预测价值。方法  选取驻马店市中心医院2018年1月—2020年1月收治的120例结直肠癌患者,分别采取所有患者的结直肠癌组织及癌旁组织进行免疫组化染色,对比ZEB1、LAMP5阳性率。对比不同病理特征结直肠癌患者ZEB1、LAMP5表达水平差异。对所有患者进行4年随访,依照随访结果将患者分为2个亚组,即预后不良组(n=35)和预后良好组(n=85),对比两组患者一般临床特征及ZEB1、LAMP5表达水平,应用Logistic回归分析ZEB1、LAMP5对结直肠癌预后的预测价值。结果 结直肠癌组织ZEB1、LAMP5相对表达量(38.26±5.49、26.77±3.85)与ZEB1、LAMP5阳性率(86.67%、72.22%)高于癌旁组织(15.46±2.54、8.04±1.59、23.33%、15.56%],对比差异有统计学意义(t=41.280,χ2=25.437;t=49.255,χ 2 =16.071;P<0.05)。不同TNM分期[Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(35.55±4.13)、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(42.32±4.75)]、淋巴结转移患者[是(44.37±4.28)、否(35.84±3.77)]、肿瘤分化程度[低分化(35.27±4.57)、中高分化(41.34±4.60)]ZEB1相对表达量对比差异有统计学意义(t=-8.281,P<0.001;t=10.746,P<0.001;t=-7.253,P<0.001);不同TNM分期[Ⅱ期(24.88±3.37)、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(29.61±2.57)]、淋巴结转移[是(30.72±2.19)、否(25.21±3.19)]、肿瘤分化程度[低分化(24.57±3.62)、中高分化(29.04±2.55)]患者LAMP5相对表达量对比差异有统计学意义(t=-8.254,P<0.001;t=9.227,P<0.001;t=-7.797,P<0.001);预后良好组与预后不良组患者性别、年龄、大体类型、肿瘤大小对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),预后良好组与预后不良组患者TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、ZEB1、LAMP5阳性比例对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示:淋巴结转移、ZEB1阳性、LAMP5阳性为结直肠癌预后不良独立预测因素(P<0.05)。结论  ZEB1、LAMP5在结直肠癌组织中呈现高表达状态,且与结直肠癌的发生有关,同时ZEB1、LAMP5是结直肠癌预后的独立预测因素,两者有希望成为结直肠癌的治疗靶点。
       Objective  To investigate the expression levels and prognostic value of transcription factor E-box binding to zinc finger protein 1(ZEB1)and lysosomal associated membrane protein 5(LAMP5)in colorectal cancer tissues.Methods  A total of 120 colorectal cancer patients admitted to a hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of all patients,and the positivity rates of ZEB1 and LAMP5 were compared.The expression levels of ZEB1 and LAMP5 in colorectal cancer patients with different pathological characteristics were compared.All patients were followed up for 4 years and divided into two subgroups based on the follow-up results,namely the poor prognosis group(n=35)and the good prognosis group(n=85).The general clinical characteristics and expression levels of ZEB1 and LAMP5 were compared between the two groups.Logistic  regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of ZEB1 and LAMP5 for the prognosis of colorectal cancer.Results The relative expression level of ZEB 1 and LAMP 5 in colorectal cancer tissues [(38.26±5.49),(26.77±3.85)] and the positive rate of ZEB 1 and LAMP 5(86.67%,72.22%)were significantly higher than that of adjacent tissues [(15.46±2.54),(8.04±1.59),23.33%,15.56%],the contrast  difference was statistically significant(t=41.280,χ2=25.437;t=49.255,χ 2 =16.071;P<0.05).Relative ZEBI expression levels in different TNM stages [I-Ⅱstage(35.55±4.13),Ⅲ-Ⅳstage(42.32±4.75)],lymph node metastasis[Yes(44.37±4.28),No(35.84±3.77)],degree of tumor differentiation [hypodifferentiated(35.27±4.57),and middle or high differentiated (29.04±2.55)],those differences were statistically significant(t=-8.254,P<0.001;t=9.227,P<0.001;t=-7.797,P<0.001).The relative expression of LAMP 5 between different TNM stages [I-Ⅱstage(24.88±3.37),Ⅲ-Ⅳstage(29.61±2.57)],lymph node metastasis [yes(30.72±2.19),no(25.21±3.19)],degree of tumor  differentiation [hypodifferentiated(24.57±3.62),and middle or high differentiated(29.04±2.55)],the contrast was statistically significant(t=-8.254,P<0.001;t=9.227,P<0.001;t=-7.797,P<0.001).There were no differences in gender,age,gross type,and tumor size between the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group(P>0.05),while there were differences in TNM stages,lymph node metastasis,tumor differentiation degrees,ratio of ZEB 1 and LAMP 5(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,ZEB 1 positive,and LAMP 5 positive were independent predictive factors of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer(P<0.05).Conclusions  ZEB1 and LAMP5 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer.ZEB1 and LAMP5 are independent prognostic factors for colorectal cancer,and they have the potential to become therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
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