目的 探讨无创血流动力学监测(non-invasive cardiac output monitoring,NICOM)在儿童脓毒性休克早期液体复苏的临床应用评价。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年6月期间在我院PICU患儿诊断为儿童脓毒性休克61例,随机分为对照组(未接受NICOM监测29例)和干预组(接受NICOM监测32例),记录液体复苏后6、12、24小时血气分析(pH值、剩余碱、乳酸)、尿量以及病死率、NICOM监测(CO、CI、SVR、SV、SVRI、HR、MAP)等结果。结果 液体复苏6 小时后两组HR、MAP、乳酸、剩余碱、尿量比较无统计学差异 (P>0.05),液体复苏12 h后干预组乳酸较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);液体复苏24 h后两组HR、MAP、乳酸、剩余碱及尿量比较,差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。干预组治疗后12 h在CO、CI、SVR、SV、SVRI、HR、MAP较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组治疗后24 h在CO、CI、SVR、SV、SVRI、HR、MAP较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 NICOM具有敏感度及准确率高,且操作简单,可有效用于指导脓毒性休克早期液体复苏,针对个体化治疗提供客观依据,正确指导容量管理,具有科学实用价值,值得推广。

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of non-invasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) for early fluid resuscitation in children with septic shock. Methods 61 children diagnosed with septic shock in the PICU at our hospital between January 2019 and June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group (29 without NICOM monitoring) and an intervention group (32 with NICOM monitoring), and the results of blood gas analysis (pH,lactate and residual base), urine volume, and mortality, and NICOM monitoring (CO, CI, SVR, SVRI, HR, and MAP) were recorded at 6, 12, and 24 h after fluid resuscitation. Results There was no statistically significant difference in HR, MAP, lactic acid, residual base and urine volume between the two groups after 6 h of fluid resuscitation (P>0.05), and lactic acid was lower in the intervention group than that in the control group after 12 h of fluid resuscitation (P<0.05); the differences in HR, MAP, lactic acid, residual base and urine volume between the two groups after 24 h of fluid resuscitation were all statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) in CO, CI, SVR, SVI, HR, and MAP at 12 h and at 24 h after treatment in the intervention group compared with that of the pre-treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion NICOM has high sensitivity and accuracy and it can be operated in simple processes. It may be effectively applied to guide the early fluid resuscitation of septic shock. It also provides Objective evidence for individualized treatment and correctly guides volume management. Its scientific and practical value makes it worth promoting.

目的 探讨联合镇静胃肠镜检查在安全性、可行性的效果以及优势方面的临床应用,为优化诊疗流程、方便患者提供科学依据。方法 纳入我院2017年6月—2018年3月行镇静胃肠镜检查的140例患者为研究对象,采用便利抽样法随机分为两组,观察组70例患者行联合镇静胃肠镜检查,对照组70例患者行胃肠镜分次检查。记录并对比分析两组患者的预约时间、检查时长、不适反应、疼痛程度、满意度、检查费用。结果 观察组在预约时间和检查时长、检查后心率变化,患者满意度和检查费用方面,与对照组相比有统计学差异(P＜0.05),而在血压、血氧、镇静及遗忘程度、疼痛程度及不适反应方面无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 联合镇静胃肠镜检查在临床应用方面安全可行,具有便宜、时间少、患者配合度好、符合患者意愿、而且满意度高的优势,值得推广。

Objective To explore the scientific evidence in optimization of diagnosis and treatment process for patients' convenience, we evaluated the clinical effect of gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation on the safety, feasibility and advantage. Methods We enrolled 140 patients who came to our hospital for gastrointestinal endoscopy from June 2017 to March 2018. We used the convenience sampling method that the patients were randomly divided into two groups: observation group of 70 patients with combined endoscopy, and the control group of 70 patients with seperate endoscopy. We recorded and compared the two groups of patients of appointment time, inspection time, pain degree, patient satisfaction, and cost. Results The two groups were different in the appointment time, inspection time, heart rate changes after endoscopy, patient satisfaction and the costs (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found in blood pressure, blood oxygen degree, sedation, pain degree and discomfort reaction(P>0.05). Conclusion Combined sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy is safe and feasible in clinical application, with the advantages of low cost, less time, good patient cooperation, in line with the wishes of patients, and high satisfaction, which is worthy of popularization.

目的 探讨以跨肺压导向的呼气末正压通气在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的临床应用效果。方法 将2020年1月—10月重症医学科收治的100例ARDS患者随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组采用小潮气量辅助控制通气治疗,观察组以跨肺压(transpulmonary pressure,Ptp)为导向选择最佳呼气末正压(positive end-expiratory pressure,PEEP)进行机械通气治疗,观察比较两组患者治疗前和治疗48 h的呼吸动力学指标、血气分析指标,随访28 d病死率。结果 治疗48 h,潮气量、PEEP、肺静态顺应性、PaCO₂、PaO₂、SaO₂、PaO₂/FiO₂观察组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);随访28 d病死率观察组和对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 以Ptp为导向选择最佳PEEP的机械通气治疗ARDS可以有效改善患者的呼吸动力学指标和血气分析指标,不增加ARDS的病死率,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) ventilation guided by transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods Between January and October 2020, 100 cases of ARDS treated in intensive care unit were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 50 cases each. Control group used auxiliary control small tidal volume ventilation therapy, and observation group used the best PEEP mechanical ventilation therapy with the guiding of Ptp. The respiratory dynamics index, blood gas analysis results, follow-up of 28d case fatality rate before and 48h after treatment between the two groups were compared. Results After 48h of treatment, tidal volume、PEEP、pulmonary static compliance、PaCO₂、PaO₂、SaO₂、PaO₂/FiO₂ of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the two groups at 28d follow-up (P＞0.05). Conclusion Mechanical ventilation with the best PEEP guided by Ptp could effectively improve the respiratory dynamic index and blood gas analysis results of patients with ARDS, without increasing the mortality of ARDS, which is worthy of clinical application.

目的 探讨食管胃静脉曲张精准断流术与改良“三明治”法治疗食管胃静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法 选取共50例食管胃底静脉曲张患者,按随机数字法分为精准治疗组和对照组,精准治疗组(n=25)行内镜下食管胃静脉曲张精准断流术,对照组(n=25)接受改良“三明治”法内镜治疗。分析对比两组的止血成功率、再出血率、治疗显效率、并发症发生率、聚桂醇和组织胶用量、治疗时间及住院天数等指标。结果 治疗后随访3个月,术后3天内止血率两组均为100％。再出血率精准治疗组为4%,对照组为32%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。静脉曲张治疗显效率精准治疗组为84%,对照组出血率为52%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。并发症发生率在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。聚桂醇和组织胶平均用量在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。精准治疗组平均治疗时间为(32.60±6.44)min,对照组为(40.60±7.26)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001);精准治疗组平均住院天数为(8.12±1.24)d,对照组为(9.12±1.39)d,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。结论 内镜下精准断流术治疗食管胃静脉曲张再出血率低、效果好、安全性高。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic selective varices devascularization and the modified Sandwich method on the treatment of esophagogastric varices. Methods 50 patients with esophagogastric varices were divided into therapy (endoscopic selective varices devascularization)group (n=25) and control group (n=25) by random number table method. The therapy group (n=25) received the treatment of endoscopic selective varices devascularization. The control group (n=25) was treated with modified Sandwich method injection. The success rate of hemostasis, rate of recurrent bleeding, rate of varices disappearance, complication rate, dosage of lauromacrogol and tissue adhesive, time of therapy and hospitalization days were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results During the 3-month followup, the success rates of hemostasis were 100% in both groups 3 days after the treatments. The rates of recurrent bleeding in therapy group and control group were 4% and 32% respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.010). The rates of varices disappearance in therapy group and control group were 84%and 52% respectively, the difference (P=0.015) was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the two groups(P>0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the average dosage of lauromacrogol and tissue adhesive between the two groups(P>0.05). The average time of therapy in therapy group and control group were(32.60±6.44)minutes and(40.60±7.26)minutes respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.000). The average hospitalization days in therapy group and control group were(8.12±1.24)days and(9.12±1.39)days respectively, which is statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.010). Conclusion Endoscopic selective varices devascularization has the obvious advantage of a significant efficacy, low recurrence rate and high safety.

目的 探讨鼻咽癌个案管理模式,并评价临床中运用的效果。方法 回顾性将2017年8月—2018年4月93例新确诊的鼻咽癌患者作为对照组,按鼻咽癌患者的一般护理常规进行护理。2018年5月—2019年8月新确诊的鼻咽癌患者96例为实验组,实施个案管理比较两种方法的临床运用效果。结果 与对照组比,实验组诊断期完成检查时间和首次住院天数短、既定治疗计划完成率和治疗期间复诊依从性高,Ⅳ度骨髓抑制发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 鼻咽癌个案管理模式可为患者提供全程、连续性、高品质的护理,提高患者复诊依从性、提高治疗计划完成率,提高医疗护理质量,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To explore the case management mode of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and evaluate the effect of clinical application. Methods 93 patients newly diagnosed NPC from August 2017 to April 2018 were used as the control group,and the general nursing routine was followed. 96 patients newly diagnosed NPC from May 2018 to August 2019 were taken as the experimental group,and accepted case management. Results Compared with the control group,the test time of the experimental group was shorter,the first hospital stay was shorter,the completion rate of treatment was higher,the patient's compliance of follow-up during treatment was better,incidence of grade Ⅳ myelosuppression was lower.The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion The case management mode of NPC may provide seamless and high-quality nursing for NPC patients,improve the completion rate of treatment,improve the patient's compliance of follow-up and improve the quality of medical care,which is worthy of clinical application.

目的 探究骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折治疗中3D打印技术的应用及其效果。方法 选取我院2016年1月—2018年10月收治的90例行经皮椎体成形术治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为常规组45例和实验组45例。常规组采用MR+常规穿刺方法,通过MR引导,注入骨水泥;实验组采用CT+3D打印技术,在应用CT的基础上,借助制作模型的引导,实施精准定位并实施手术治疗,对两组各项围术期治疗指标(手术时间、射线暴露次数、后凸Cobb角改善)和治疗前后的VAS评分、ODI评分以及骨水泥渗漏情况。结果 在手术时间、射线暴露次数、后凸Cobb角改善等围术期治疗指标方面,实验组均要优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在骨水泥渗漏发生率方面,常规组为17.78%(8/45),实验组为4.44%(2/45),实验组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在VAS评分、ODI评分方面,常规组和实验组治疗前、治疗后相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗中,配合3D打印技术能够有效提升治疗的有效性,促进患者的健康恢复,值得推广应用。

目的 评价Turbohawk定向斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中临床应用价值。方法 对于术前超声以及下肢动脉CTA检查诊断为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的8例患者,行Turbohawk斑块旋切以及药物涂层球囊治疗,术后行常规抗凝治疗,定期行彩超复查。结果 8例患者下肢动脉均全部再通成功,技术成功率为100%,术后缺血症状明显改善,术后平均踝肱指数为0.78±0.06,高于术前的0.31±0.12(P<0.05)。住院期间无并发症发生,随访3～18个月,患者保肢均获得成功。结论 Turbohawk定向机械旋切系统联合药物涂层球囊治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,具有创伤小、疗效好以及安全性高等优点,值得临床推广使用。

Objective To evaluate clinical application of using Turbohawk atherectomy device in combination with drug-coated balloon in treatment of atreriosclerosis obliterans in lower extremity. Methods Turbohawk atherectomy device and DCB was performed in 8 patiments with atreriosclerosis obliterans in lower extremity. All patients were diagnosed by ultrasound and CTA. Routine anticoagulation drugs were used after the operation. Follow-up was carried out with color Doppler ultrasound. Results Revascularization was gained in 8 patients. The technically successful rate was 100% and ischemic symptoms relieved significantly immediately after the operation. The post-operative ankle brachinal index(ABI) was 0.78±0.06,which was higher than that of before operation(0.31±0.12). No obvious complications occurred after operation. The follow-up range was 3~18 months and limbs were salvaged successfully. Conclusion With minimal invasive, safe and few complications, Turbohawk atherectomy device in combination with drug-coated balloon is proved to be a very effective treatment atreriosclerosis obliterans in lower extremity and it is worth to popularize.

目的 研究脊柱经皮内镜椎间孔入路和椎板间入路治疗腰椎间盘突出的临床应用效果。方法 本次选取的研究对象为2016年1月—2017年12月期间在我院进行治疗的腰椎间盘突出患者,将60例患者根据红蓝球分组法分为两组,30例/组。将实施脊柱经皮内镜椎间孔入路椎间盘切除术的患者纳入PETD组,将采用椎板间入路椎间盘切除术的患者设为PEID组。将两组腰椎间盘突出患者的手术相关指标、治疗优良率、ODI评分、VAS评分进行比对。结果 观察组腰椎间盘突出患者的手术时间、C型臂透视次数同对照组相比存在差异(P＜0.05);术后卧床时间和住院时间、治疗优良率组间对比无统计学意义;两组术后三个月时的ODI评分、VAS评分均较术前更优(P<0.05)。结论 在腰椎间盘突出治疗中脊柱经皮内镜椎间孔入路、椎板间入路的效果相当,临床上需患者的实际情况和解剖特点选择适合的入路方式和手术方法。

目的 分析基于中医针灸的康复训练对小儿脑瘫的临床疗效。方法 选择我院2016年2月—2017年3月接受治疗的脑瘫患儿88例,根据患儿入院接受疗法不同分为研究组(n=45)和对照组(n=43)。对照组给予康复训练治疗,研究组给予康复训练联合中医针灸治疗。比较两组患者治疗3个月后的临床效果,以及治疗前后粗大运动功能、生活质量评分变化。结果 治疗3个月后,研究组总有效率95.56 %明显高于对照组69.76 %(P<0.05);两组患儿粗大运动功能、生活质量、认知功能及自理动作评分均有提高,但研究组以上指标评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于康复训练联合针灸干预脑瘫患儿可改善患儿粗大运动功能,提高患儿生活质量,效果显著。

目的 分析无创产前基因检测(NIPT)在胎儿染色体非整倍体疾病诊断中的检出效率及临床应用价值。方法 选取2016年4月—2018年3月在我院接受无创产前基因检测的3 759例孕妇作为研究对象,利用二代测序AR550平台结合生物信息学进行无创产前基因检测,NIPT 的检测范围包括21、18、13 及性染色体非整倍体。对 NIPT 高风险的孕妇,建议行羊水或脐血穿刺染色体核型分析,比较两者结果的一致性,并随访妊娠结局。结果 3759例孕妇中NIPT提示高风险27例,阳性率为0.71%。其中24例孕妇行染色体核型分析,确诊为 21-三体14例、18-三体1例、13-三体1例和性染色体数目异常4例,阳性预测值分别为100%、50%、100%和66.7%。其中NT增厚中无创孕妇99例,检出高风险为5例,检出率为5.05%（5/99）,明显高于总体检出率。结论 NIPT 对 21-三体和 18-三体具有较高的敏感性和特异性,能提高产前筛查和诊断效率,具有较好的临床应用价值.

Objective To analyze the efficiency and clinical value of noninvasive prenatal gene test (NIPT) in the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy. Methods From April 2016 to March 2018, 3 759 pregnant women who underwent noninvasive prenatal gene testing in our hospital were selected as subjects. The second generation sequencing AR550 platform combined with bioinformatics was used for noninvasive prenatal gene testing. The NIPT detection ranged from 21, 18, 13 to sex chromosome aneuploidy. For pregnant women at high risk of NIPT, amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood puncture karyotype analysis was recommended to compare the consistency of the two results, and follow-up pregnancy outcomes. Results Among 3 759 pregnant women, NIPT showed 27 cases of high risk, with a positive rate of 0.71%. Twenty-four pregnant women were diagnosed as 21-trisomy in 14 cases, 18-trisomy in 1 case, 13-trisomy in 1 case and abnormal sex chromosome number in 4 cases. The positive predictive values were 100%, 50%, 100% and 66.7% respectively. Among them, 99 cases were non-invasive pregnant women with NT thickening, and 5 cases were at high risk of detection. The detection rate was 5.05% (5/99), which was higher than the overall detection rate. Conclusion NIPT has high sensitivity and specificity to 21-trisomy and 18-trisomy, can improve the efficiency of prenatal screening and diagnosis, and has good clinical application value.