Objective To analyze the occupational disease hazards in various workplaces in Jianxi District,Luoyang City,and to analyze the main causes of occupational disease occurrence,explore specific prevention and control strategies．Methods Monitoring information on occupational disease hazards in various workplaces within the jurisdiction from January 2021 to December 2022 was collected,Excel 2010 was used for data statistics．Two hundred key occupational employees within the jurisdiction were selected randomly for retrospective analysis．Based on the results of occupational health examinations,115 employees confirmed to have occupational diseases were included in the case group,while 85 employees who did not have occupational diseases were included in the control group．General and clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors that could lead to the occurrence of occupational diseases were summarized through statistical single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis． Combined with the analysis results,specific prevention and control measures were discussed．Results For 15 factories and mining enterprises within the jurisdiction,a total of 584 monitoring sites were established in 2021,and a total of 68 manganese and its compound hazards,48 silica dust hazards,4 benzene and its benzene series hazards,and 12 noise hazards were measured,which the exceeding rate was 22.60%（132/584）．In 2022,a total of 1 575 monitoring sites were established,with a total of 158 dust hazards,154 manganese and its compounds hazards,10 silica dust hazards,and 13 noise hazards detected,which the exceeding rate was 21.27%（335/1 575）．The results of statistical univariate analysis showed that there were certain differences in the age,years of work,occupational type,frequency of physical examinations,and results of physical examinations between the two groups of employees．Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥50 years old,working experience≥10 years,engaged in manufacturing and mining industries,irregular physical examinations,abnormal blood routine,immune differences,chest X-ray abnormalities,and binaural high-frequency hearing threshold≥40 dB were all important reasons for the occurrence of occupational diseases．Conclusions The occupational hazards in this jurisdiction are mainly dust,manganese,and their compounds．The risk of occupational diseases among elderly manufacturing and mining workers with long working years is relatively high．Optimizing occupational disease prevention and control measures and standardizing occupational health examinations for the above-mentioned key populations can achieve effective prevention and control of occupational diseases．