Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of children with influenza（flu）．Methods The throat swab specimens of 394 children aged 1 to 10 years old who were diagnosed with influenza at the First People's Hospital of Xiangfu District,Kaifeng City from March 2020 to February 2023 were included．The samples were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction to complete influenza virus detection and analyze the virus types and distribution of age,season,gender,year,etc．among these 394 children with influenza were analyzed．Results Influenza A H1N1 virus was the influenza virus with the highest proportion detected in this study,accounting for 36.04%;there were differences in the proportions of influenza A H3,A H1N1,BV,and B BY influenza viruses between male and female children,with no statistical significance（P>0.05）;the proportion of children with influenza is the largest in spring and winter,41.12% and 35.53% respectively,and proportions of influenza A H3,A H1N1,B BV,and B BY influenza in different seasons were significantly different（P<0.05）．Children aged 7 to 10 accounted for the highest proportion of influenza patients,42.13%．Among children of different ages,the proportion of influenza A H3,A H1N1,B BV,B BY had no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）．The proportion of children with influenza in 2020 was the highest at 43.40%,followed by 29.70% in 2022 and 26.90% in 21;in different years there is a statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with influenza in winter（P<0.05）．There is no statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with influenza of all ages in different years（P>0.05）．The preportions of influenza A H3 and A H1N1,B BV and B BY viruses in each year,had no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）．Conclusions Children aged 7 to 10 years old are a high-risk group for influenza,and influenza A is the main type of infection in children．Influenza A viruses are more common in spring and winter．Changes in prevention and control policies during the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic have an impact on the epidemic of influenza．Therefore,prevention of influenza A for children aged 7 to 10 years old in spring and winter should be strengthened．