Objective To explore the distribution and awareness rate of Rh blood types for the different nations in Tumushuke City, the location of the third division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Methods Questionnaire was performed to get the information of distribution and awareness rate of Rh blood types for the different nations during from June of 2015 to February of 2016 in Tumushuke City, and 1325 respondents in total were interviewed. Results There were 1259 respondents with valid questionnaire who aged from 18 to 95 years old, with the average age of (56.57±38.34) years old. The Rh negative rate in Uyghur nationality was 3.5% (24/677), which was significantly higher than that of the Han's 0.7% (2/275, P<0.05). The total awareness rate of all the respondents was 53.5%, and the awareness rate of Han nationality was significantly higher than that of Uyghur ones (P<0.05). The awareness rate of the group who aged from 40 to 49 years old was apparently higher than that of the other age groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion The rate of Rh negative was higher in Uyghur nationality when compared to Han nationality. The awareness rate of Rh blood types is still low in Tumushuke City, where the health education is required.