目的 汇总分析肝硬化患者消化道出血风险预测模型，为今后模型的建立和优化提供参考。方法   系统检索中国知网、维普、PubMed数据库在2025年4月22日前公开发表的所有肝硬化患者消化道出血风险预测模型，按纳入标准筛选文献，对最终纳入文章分析摘录并系统汇总，包括模型特征、危险因素及模型预测评估效果等信息。结果   共检索3 603篇预测模型相关研究论文，最终纳入30篇，其中中国27篇、韩国1篇、印度1篇、埃及1篇。22项研究收集了肝硬化病因，其中病毒性肝病最多（72.94%，2 922/4 006），药物性肝病及非酒精性脂肪性肝病最少（均为0.02%，1/4 006）。在研究类型上，有28篇单中心研究，2篇为多中心研究，其中有12个模型未进行验证，只有1个模型进行了外部验证，其余模型只进行了内部验证，曲线下面积（AUC）范围0.680~0.994。根据模型纳入因素特点，分为血常规指标、凝血指标、生化指标、影像学指标、复合指标、其他指标共6种，其中纳入因素最多为影像学指标，最少为凝血指标。在纳入危险因素中，第1位为门静脉直径，第2位为血小板计数，第3位为血红蛋白水平及脾脏硬度，所有因素中与脾脏相关的指标最多。结论   肝硬化患者消化道出血风险预测模型研究质量有待提升，影像学指标应用最广，脾脏相关指标重要性突出，门静脉直径、血小板计数、血红蛋白水平及脾脏硬度为最常用的危险预测因素。

       Objective  To  summarize and analyze the  prediction models for gastrointestinal  bleeding  risk in  patients with cirrhosis，providing references for the establishment and optimization of future models．Methods  A systematic search was conducted in CNKI，VIP，and PubMed for all published prediction models for gastrointestinal bleeding risk in patients with cirrhosis before April 22，2025．Articles were screened according to the inclusion criteria，and the finally included articles were analyzed and summarized，including model characteristics，risk factors，and model prediction evaluation effects．Results  A total of 3 603 related research papers on prediction models were initially retrieved，and 30 were finally included，with 27 from China，one from South Korea，one from India，and one from Egypt．Among the 22 studies that collected the etiology of cirrhosis，viral hepatitis was the most common（72.94%，2 922/4 006），while drug-induced liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were the least common（0.02%，1/4 006）．In terms of study type，28 were single-center studies and two were multicenter studies．Among them，12 models were not validated，only one model was externally validated，and the rest were only internally validated，with an area under the curve range of 0.680-0.994．According to the characteristics of the factors included in the models，they were divided into six types of indicators：blood routine，coagulation，biochemistry，imaging，composite，and others，among which imaging indicators were the most common and coagulation indicators were the least．In the included risk factors，the first was portal vein diameter，the second was platelets count，and the third was hemoglobin level and spleen stiffness，with the most factors related to the spleen．Conclusions  The quality of studies on prediction models for gastrointestinal bleeding risk in cirrhosis patients needs to be improved．Imaging indicators are the most widely used，and spleen-related indicators are of prominent importance，with portal vein diameter，platelets count，hemoglobin level，and spleen stiffness being the most commonly used risk prediction factors．

目的 评价现有关于干预组仅涉及不同针具针刺或联合常规针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症系统评价的方法学质量,以比较不同针具针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法 通过CNKI（中国知网）、万方数据库、VIP（维普）、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库以及其他相关电子资源,对诊断、治疗腰椎间盘突出症的多种针灸技术进行全面的研究。使用AMSTAR2软件,对所有参与的系统性评估结果进行地分析,并根据不同的检测结果,确定文献筛选标准。通过Revman5.4和Cochrance风险偏倚工具,以及Stata16.0的网格Meta分析,挑选了3 381个满足纳入排除要求的随机对照试验。结果 以Stata 16.0统计软件制作排序图可知,杵针+电针的临床有效率SUCRA=81.6%排名第一;目测类比评分显示,银质针SUCRA（用于评估疗效的指标）=95%,排名第一。结论 根据现有的研究证据,杵针+电针以及银质针优于其他9种干预措施,但确切的结果仍需要大量的随机对照试验来证明。

Objective To evaluate the methodological quality of the existing systematic evaluation of the intervention group involving only different needle sets of acupuncture or combined with conventional acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation,in order to compare the therapeutic effect of different needle sets of acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation．Methods Through CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP,PubMed,web of science and other databases as well as other relevant resources,a variety of acupuncture techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation were comprehensively studied．Through the use of AMSTAR2 software,all participating systematic evaluation results were effectively analyzed,and according to different test results,which literature meets the requirements were determined．Through revman5.4,Cochrane risk bias tool,and grid meta-analysis of stata16.0,3 381 RCTs meeting the inclusion and exclusion requirements were selected．Results According to the ranking chart made by stata16.0 statistical software,the clinical effective rate of pestle needle + electroacupuncture ranked first with sucra=81.6%．According to the visual analogy score,the silver needle sucra=95%,ranking first．Conclusions According to the existing research evidence,pestle needle + electroacupuncture and silver needle are better than the other nine interventions,but the exact results still need a large number of randomized controlled trials to prove．

目的 探讨系统化护理流程干预对脑出血患者急救效果及预后的影响。方法 采用回顾性分析的方法,选取2022年2月—2023年2月新乡医学院第三附属医院急诊收治的210例脑出血患者,将2022年2月—2022年8月采取常规护理干预的105例患者作为常规组,将2022年9月—2023年2月采取系统化护理流程干预的105例患者作为研究组。对比两组患者抢救效率、急救效果、并发症发生率、预后水平、护理满意度情况。结果 研究组患者抢救总时间、会诊至确诊、分诊至会诊、接诊至分诊以及出诊反应时间短于常规组（P<0.05）;研究组急救总有效率高于常规组,并发症发生率低于常规组（P<0.05）;出院1个月、3个月后,两组患者神经功能缺损量表（NIHSS）评分均降低,简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）评分升高,研究组变化幅度更大（P<0.05）;研究组患者护理满意度高于常规组（P<0.05）。结论 针对脑出血患者在急救过程中采取系统化护理流程干预能够提升患者的抢救效率和急救效果,并发症发生率低,改善患者的神经功能缺损情况,提升预后水平,且患者满意度较高。

Objective To explore the impact of systematic nursing process intervention on the emergency response and prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage．Methods By retrospective analysis,210 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the emergency department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from February 2022 to February 2023,105 patients with routine nursing intervention from February 2022 to August 2022 were selected as the routine group,and 105 patients with systematic nursing process intervention from September 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the study group．The rescue efficiency,first aid effect,complication rate,prognosis levels and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared．Results The total rescue time,consultation to diagnosis,triage to consultation,reception to triage and the response time to visit in the study group were significantly lower（P<0.05）．The total emergency response rate of the study group was higher than that of the conventional group,and the incidence of complications was significantly lower（P<0.05）．One month and 3 months after discharge,NIHSS score decreased in both groups,MMSE score increased,and the change range was greater in the study group（P<0.05）．The nursing satisfaction of the study group was significantly higher（P<0.05）．Conclusions For patients with cerebral hemorrhage,systematic nursing process intervention in the first aid process can improve the rescue efficiency and first aid effect of patients,reduce the incidence of complications,improve the neurological function defect of patients,improve the prognosis level,and the patient satisfaction is higher．

目的 观察脑性瘫痪（CP）伴营养不良患儿进行系统性饮食调整的效果。方法 2015年1月—2022年1月我院收治以CP伴营养不良患儿80例,以随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各40例,常规护理指导用于对照组,系统性饮食调整护理用于研究组。比较2组患儿在干预前、后的生化指标（白蛋白、血红蛋白、肌酐、低密度脂蛋白水平）、身体指标（体质量、身高、体质指数、腹部皮下脂肪厚度）、肠内营养混悬液使用剂量及饮食行为能力评分和患儿监护人对干预的满意率。结果 干预后2组的生化指标可见明显变化,其中研究组与对照组相比,白蛋白、血红蛋白、肌酐指标提升更多更平稳,而低密度脂蛋白研究组较对照组相比,降低更多更平稳,（P<0.01）。在干预后两组间的身体指标可见明显变化,其中研究组与对照组相比,体质量、体质指数、腹部皮下脂肪厚度较干预前增加更多更平稳,而低密度脂蛋白研究组较对照组相比,降低更多更平稳,（P<0.01）。在干预后2组的肠内营养混悬液使用剂量及饮食行为能力评分较干预前可见明显变化,其中研究组与对照组相比,肠内营养混悬液使用剂量及饮食行为能力降低更多更平稳（均P<0.05）。研究组监护人对干预的满意率高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 在CP伴营养不良患儿中,开展有效的系统性饮食调整干预,可有效改善患儿的生化指标,提升各项身体指标,减少肠内营养混悬液的使用剂量,改善饮食行为能力,获得患儿监护人的认可,效果理想。

Objective To observe the effect of systematic diet adjustment in children with cerebral palsy（CP）and malnutrition．Methods A total of 80 CP children with malnutrition treated in our hospital（from January 2015 to January 2022）were divided into two groups by random number table method．Control group received routine nursing guidance and study group received systematic diet adjustment nursing．The biochemical indexes（albumin,hemoglobin,creatinine,low-density lipoprotein levels）,physical indexes（weight,height,body mass index,abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness）,the dosage of enteral nutritional suspension and the score of dietary behavior ability were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention．The satisfaction rate of the children's families with the intervention was evaluated．Results After the intervention,the biochemical indexes of the two groups showed significant changes．Compared with the control group,the indexes of albumin,hemoglobin and creatinine in the study group increased more and more stably,while the index of low-density lipoprotein in the study group decreased more and more stably（P<0.01）．After the intervention,the physical indexes of the two groups showed significant changes．Compared with the control group,the weight,body mass index and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness of the study group increased more and more stably than before the intervention,while the low-density lipoprotein study group decreased more and more stably（P<0.01）．After the intervention,the dosage of enteral nutritional suspension and the score of dietary behavior ability in the two groups showed significant changes compared with those before the intervention．Compared with the control group,the immune indexes in the study group increased more and more stably,while the dosage of enteral nutritional suspension and the score of dietary behavior ability in the study group decreased more and more stably（P<0.05）．The satisfaction rate of family members in the study group was higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）．Conclusions In children with CP and malnutrition,carrying out effective systematic diet adjustment intervention can significantly improve the biochemical indexes of children,improve various physical indexes,improve immune ability,reduce the dosage of enteral nutritional suspension,improve dietary behavior,and obtain the recognition of children's family members,which has ideal effects．

目的 系统评价心脉通治疗冠心病的临床疗效及其安全性。方法 2名研究者独立系统地检索心脉通治疗冠心病的文献,其中包括维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、PubMed 电子期刊全文数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、The Cochrane Library 数据库、万方数据库等6个数据库。同时运用Review Manager 5.4 软件进行本研究的数据处理。结果 最终共纳入8篇文献,共计985名心脉通治疗冠心病患者。治疗前后的临床疗效、发作频率、血脂水平的Meta分析结果显示心脉通组优于常规治疗组。有3项纳入试验报告不良反应。结论 心脉通治疗冠心病的临床疗效优于常规治疗。心脉通不仅可以降低冠心病发作频率,缩短其发作持续时间,还能调节血脂水平,在治疗冠心病方面疗效确切,值得临床参考应用。

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xinmaitong in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Two researchers searched the literatures of Xinmaitong in the treatment of coronary heart disease independently and systematically, including VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journal full-text Database (VIP), PubMed Electronic Journal full-text Database, Chinese Academic Journal full-text Database (CNKI), The Cochrane Library Database and Wanfang Database. At the same time, Review Manager 5.4 software was used to process the data of this study. Results A total of 8 articles were included, and a total of 985 patients with coronary heart disease were treated with Xinmaitong. The results of Meta analysis of clinical efficacy, attack frequency and blood lipids level before and after treatment showed that Xinmaitong group was better than routine treatment group. Three items were included in the report of adverse reactions. Conclusions The clinical effect of Xinmaitong in the treatment of coronary heart disease was better than that of routine treatment. Xinmaitong can not only reduce the frequency and duration of coronary heart disease attack, but also regulate blood lipids level. Xinmaitong was effective in the treatment of coronary heart disease and is worthy of clinical reference.

       目的   评价现有关于干预组仅涉及不同针具针刺或联合常规针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症系统评价的方法学质量，以比较不同针具针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法   通过CNKI（中国知网）、万方数据库、VIP（维普）、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库以及其他相关电子资源，对诊断、治疗腰椎间盘突出症的多种针灸技术进行全面的研究。使用AMSTAR2软件，对所有参与的系统性评估结果进行地分析，并根据不同的检测结果，确定文献筛选标准。通过Revman5.4和Cochrance风险偏倚工具，以及Stata16.0的网格Meta分析，挑选了3 381个满足纳入排除要求的随机对照试验。结果   以Stata 16.0统计软件制作排序图可知，杵针+电针的临床有效率SUCRA=81.6%排名第一；目测类比评分显示，银质针SUCRA（用于评估疗效的指标）=95%，排名第一。结论   根据现有的研究证据，杵针+电针以及银质针优于其他9种干预措施，但确切的结果仍需要大量的随机对照试验来证明。

       Objective  To evaluate the methodological quality of the existing  systematic evaluation of the intervention group involving only different needle sets of acupuncture or combined with conventional acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation，in order to compare the therapeutic effect of different needle sets of acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation．Methods  Through CNKI，Wanfang database，VIP，PubMed，web of  science and other  databases as well as other  relevant resources，a variety of acupuncture techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation were comprehensively studied．Through the use of AMSTAR2 software，all participating systematic evaluation results were effectively analyzed，and according to different test results，which literature meets the requirements were determined．Through revman5.4，Cochrane risk bias tool，and grid meta-analysis of stata16.0，3 381 RCTs meeting the inclusion and exclusion requirements were selected．Results  According to the ranking chart made by stata16.0 statistical software，the clinical effective rate of pestle needle + electroacupuncture ranked first with sucra=81.6%．According to the visual analogy score，the silver needle sucra=95%，ranking first．Conclusions  According to the existing research evidence，pestle needle + electroacupuncture and silver needle are better than the other nine interventions，but the exact results still need a large number of randomized controlled trials to prove．